Scale of Resistance of Buildings to Mining Influences – Applicability Assesment Through a Case Study

NOWAK, Katarzyna; STRZAŁKOWSKI, Piotr; SZOJDA, Leszek

doi:10.2478/acee-2024-0004

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Diagram of the location of the building in relation to selected walls and the lithological profile of the rock mass; 1 – sands, 2 – clays, 3 – sandstone, 4 – shale, 5 – coal

Graph of the increased subsidence calculated in relation to time according to Knothe’s theory

Graph of the calculated maximum slope (Tmax) and maximum horizontal strain (Emax) in relation to time according to Knothe’s theory

Calculated PGV values at the property site according to Eq. (3)

Calculated PGA values at the property site according to Eq. (2)

General view of the southern wall of the building

Cracking of the walls and ceilings inside the building

Cracking of the entrance stairs and the splash apron around the building

Categories of mining area deformation [13]

Categories of mining area	The values of terrain deformation indicators
Categories of mining area	Inclination T (mm/m)	Radius of curvature R (km)	Horizontal strain ε (mm/m)
0	T < 0.5	\|R\| > 40	\|ε\| < 0.3
I	0.5 ≤ T < 2.5	40 ≥ \|R\| > 20	0.3 ≤ \|ε\| < 1.5
II	2.5 ≤ T < 5.0	20 ≥ \|R\| > 12	1.5 ≤ \|ε\| < 3.0
III	5.0 ≤ T < 10.0	12 ≥ \|R\| > 6	3.0 ≤ \|ε\| < 6.0
IV	10.0 ≤ T < 15.0	6 ≥ \|R\| > 4	6.0 ≤ \|ε\| < 9.0
V	T ≥ 15.0	\|R\| ≤ 4	\|ε\| ≥ 9.0

Shock cases recorded on the measurement stand and estimated values in the mining forecast

Date	E (J)	PGA meas. (mm/s²)	PGA est. (mm/s²)	t Ha (s)	PGA meas./PGA est. (-)
18.04.2015	4.00E+09	258	230	3.90	1.1
05.08.2016	4.00E+06	459	151	1.54	3.0
02.01.2017	8.00E+06	629	142	1.66	4.4
27.01.2017	8.00E+06	300	143	1.55	2.1
21.02.2017	2.00E+06	313	95	1.78	3.3
14.03.2017	2.00E+06	310	121	1.72	2.6

Assessment of resistance of selected buildings according to the modified point method

		Identification of the characteristics	Number of points
1.	Building length (m)	up to 15 m	4
2.	The shape of the solid	simple building plan, compact solid	0
3.	Foundation of the building	at a constant level	0
4.	Building subsoil	non-rocky soil with the exception of stony soil	0
5.	Building structure	brick strip foundation	3
		basement walls: brick masonry	1
		the lowest storey ceiling: arched ceiling on I-beams at f/L < 1/10	4
		lintels: brick flat	2
6.	Existing protection against mining influence	no protection	15
7.	Technical condition of the building¹	natural wear of building: medium	2
7.	Technical condition of the building¹	building damage: cracks up to 15 mm and inclination <25 mm/m	8
Total points			39

Basic information on geological and mining conditions of the exploitation

Coal seam	Wall/parcel	Beginning of expl.	End of expl.	Coal seam thick. [m]	Dipp. ang. [deg]	Dep. [m]	Dist. [km]	Dir.	Ang. [deg]	a	System
4131	sc_5	01-10-2003	30-06-2004	1.8	5	640	0.30	SW	65	0.60	zd
4131	sc_6	01-07-2003	31-03-2004	1.8	5	640	0.38	SW	59	0.60	zd
4132	sc_1	01-07-1999	10-09-2000	2.4	5	610	0.55	W	48	0.60	zd
4132	sc_2	15-12-2000	30-09-2002	2.4	5	610	0.25	W	68	0.60	zd
416	sc_10	01-10-2003	01-06-2004	1.8	5	685	0.44	W	57	0.80	z
416	sc_8	20-03-2000	21-01-2002	1.8	5	625	0.03	NW	87	0.80	z
416	sc_9	01-07-2001	18-04-2003	2	5	655	0.00	Bezp	90	0.80	z
502	18a	01-09-2007	31-03-2008	3	5	720	0.33	NE	65	0.25	ph
502	18b	01-04-2008	01-09-2008	2.5	5	700	0.65	NE	47	0.80	z
502	sc_17a	01-04-2006	31-12-2006	3	5	720	0.38	N	62	0.25	ph
502	sc_17b	01-01-2007	01-04-2007	2.5	5	700	0.66	N	47	0.80	z
502	sc_19	01-12-2008	03-08-2009	3	5	690	0.43	NE	58	0.25	ph
5102	sc_6	01-10-2000	01-08-2001	2	5	790	0.27	NE	71	0.60	zd
5102	sc_7	01-12-2001	01-10-2002	2	5	795	0.26	NE	72	0.60	zd
5102	sc_8	01-05-2002	31-07-2003	2	5	800	0.36	N	66	0.60	zd
5103	sc_7	01-06-2004	25-03-2005	2	5	800	0.33	NE	68	0.60	zd
5103	sc_8	01-01-2005	01-08-2005	2	5	800	0.41	N	63	0.60	zd

Resistance of buildings to the influence of ground deformation – building qualification category according to the modified point method

Sum of points n (-)	Permissible horizontal strain of the subsoil ε_p (mm/m)	Building resistance category
≤ 20	7.0 – 9.0	4
21–2324–2930–33	6.05.04.0	3
34–3637–4344–46	3.02.52.0	2
47–4950–5657–59	1.51.00.5	1
≥ 60	≤ 0.3	0

Scale of Resistance of Buildings to Mining Influences – Applicability Assesment Through a Case Study

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Categories of mining area deformation [13]

Shock cases recorded on the measurement stand and estimated values in the mining forecast

Assessment of resistance of selected buildings according to the modified point method

Basic information on geological and mining conditions of the exploitation

Resistance of buildings to the influence of ground deformation – building qualification category according to the modified point method

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