Ambient Air Quality in Upper Silesia Region Pre-During, and Post-COVID-19 Periods

Parameters	Year	Temperature	Relative humidity	Atmospheric pressure	Wind speed	Wind Direction a)
Pre-COVID-19	2018 avg	1.71	71.81	978.94	1.23	SE 23%
Pre-COVID-19	min	−9.80	57.80	966.95	0.60	S 23%
max	11.10	92.80	992.73	3.11	SW 23%
SD	5.91	8.32	5.93	0.59
	2019 avg	6.93	66.02	989.81	1.28	E 19%
	min	0.95	53.96	975.03	0.65	S 16%
	max	12.03	79.52	1007.29	3.05	W 23%
	SD	2.61	7.30	10.06	0.57
Significant difference between PRE and DURING periods					*
During-COVID-19	2020 avg	5.9	61.00	960.34	1.64	SE 29%
During-COVID-19	min	−0.74	35.43	971.95	0.70	S 26%
max	12.13	80.35	1008.76	3.22	W 16%
SD	3.71	12.67	10.27	0.64
	2021 avg	4.13	71.44	996.46	1.60	S 35%
	min	−2.24	61.47	983.71	0.53	SW 23%
max	13.29	88.79	1013.38	3.34	W 16%
SD	4.04	7.10	7.71	0.71
Significant difference between DURING and POST periods			*		*	*
Post-COVID-19	2022 avg	4.42	53.65	1001.11	1.35	E 23%
Post-COVID-19	min	−0.79	34.83	972.47	0.72	SE 26%
max	10.87	89.29	1015.25	2.64	S 19%
SD	3.59	14.34	9.15	0.45
	2023 avg	7.17	66.60	989.64	0.92	SE 26%
	min	−0.57	48.35	979.50	0.42	S 23%
max	14.87	87.39	998.13	2.61	SW 19%
SD	4.54	10.00	5.81	0.48
Significant difference between PRE and POST periods			*	*

Statistically significant differences between years (p<0.05) are in bold,

a) the frequencies of three dominant wind directions,

* statistically significant differences between periods

Daily bacterial aerosol (BA) concentrations and meteorological parameters during randomly selected days of the non-heating season in Gliwice

PM_2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods

Table 2.

PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂ and SO₂ levels and the percentages change in concentration

COVID-19 period	PRE (2018–2019)	DURING (2020–2021)	POST (2022–2023)	$\frac{C_{DURING} - C_{PRE}}{C_{PRE}}$		$\frac{C_{POST} - C_{DURING}}{C_{DURING}}$
COVID-19 period	μg m⁻³			%	p	%	p
PM_2.5 avg	39.28	28.35	29.11	−27.8	0.01	+2.7	0.81
min	13.74	9.08	11.08	−27.8	0.01	+2.7	0.81
max	72.57	62.88	61.19
SD	20.67	12.60	11.70
PM₁₀ avg	46.45	40.53	36.72
min	16.33	14.36	17.80	−12.7	0.29	−8.8	0.37
max	87.65	83.13	70.37
SD	24.83	17.88	15.06
NO₂ avg	24.05	21.76	27.82	−9.5	0.28	+27.8	0.08
min	10.61	10.55	8.87	−9.5	0.28	+27.8	0.08
max	47.51	42.04	51.97
SD	8.50	8.18	9.17
SO₂ avg	14.57	9.62	10.82	−34.0	0.001	+12.5	0.26
min	5.12	5.19	4.59	−34.0	0.001	+12.5	0.26
max	28.19	25.49	17.90
SD	6.70	4.78	3.52

Table 3.

Spearman correlation coefficients between bacterial aerosol concentrations and environmental parameters

	BA	PM₁₀	PM_2.5	SO₂	NO₂	T	RH	P	Ws	Wd
Pre-COVID-19
BA	1	0.89	0.77	0.63	0.59	−0.27	0.05	−0.13	−0.06	0.11
PM₁₀		1	0.99	0.86	0.89	−0.03	0.31	0.72	−0.49	0.07
PM_2.5			1	0.88	0.87	−0.08	0.44	0.66	−0.53	0.06
SO₂				1	0.89	0.04	0.13	0.71	−0.53	−0.04
NO₂					1	−0.15	0.25	0.82	−0.44	0.19
T						1	−0.45	−0.23	−0.17	−0.45
RH							1	0.33	−0.13	0.23
P								1	−0.23	0.38
Ws									1	0.61
Wd										1
During-COVID-19
BA	1	0.80	0.60	0.58	0.41	0.28	−0.10	−0.27	0.05	−0.02
PM₁₀		1	0.91	0.71	0.34	0.16	−0.36	0.44	−0.54	0.06
PM_2.5			1	0.47	0.11	-0.14	−0.18	0.27	−0.40	0.06
SO₂				1	0.57	0.31	−0.61	0.28	−0.37	0.11
NO₂					1	0.62	−0.27	0.45	−0.23	0.15
T						1	−0.16	0.43	−0.12	0.18
RH							1	−0.28	0.19	0.21
P								1	−0.29	−0.03
Ws									1	0.04
Wd										1
Post-COVID-19
BA	1	0.81	0.67	0.34	0.58	0.41	−0.20	0.13	−0.07	0.09
PM₁₀		1	0.95	0.56	0.85	0.53	−0.35	0.29	0.41	−0.07
PM_2.5			1	0.46	0.81	0.41	−0.37	0.37	−0.44	−0.08
SO₂				1	0.61	0.21	−0.75	0.70	−0.06	−0.63
NO₂					1	0.05	−0.63	0.63	−0.50	−0.07
T						1	−0.44	0.09	−0.52	−0.11
RH							1	−0.82	0.18	0.43
P								1	0.02	0.32
Ws									1	0.01
Wd										1

[i] Italic entries indicate that the correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; BA (CFU m⁻³), concentrations of air pollutants (μg m⁻³), Temperature, T (°C); Relative humidity, RH (%); Atmospheric pressure, P (hPa), Wind speed, Ws (km h⁻¹); Wind direction, Wd (°).

Shares of emission sources in individual air pollutants in the Silesian province compiled by GIOS, data source: KOBIZE / IOS-PIB

Bacteria aerosol concentrations pre-during, and after-COVID-19 periods

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0057 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 135 - 148

Submitted on: May 25, 2023

Accepted on: Nov 10, 2023

Published on: Dec 31, 2023

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

Air quality,

COVID-19,

PM_2.5,

PM₁₀,

NO₂,

SO₂,

Bacterial aerosol

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings

© 2023 Ewa Brągoszewska, Anna Mainka, Izabela Biedroń, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 16 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

Ambient Air Quality in Upper Silesia Region Pre-During, and Post-COVID-19 Periods

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Table 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

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