Heating Ceiling System Efficiency in Different Climate Zones

Country		Ukraine		Poland
Climate zone	acc.^*	I	II	I	II	III	IV	V
Climate zone	acc. ASHRAE	5A	5A	5A	5A	5A	6A	6A
City		Lviv	Odesse	Gdańsk	Wrocław	Warszawa	Białystok	Suwałki
Design air	acc.^*	−22	−19	−16	−18	−20	−22	−24
temperature [°C]	acc. to ASHRAE	−17	−13.2	−15	−13.5	−15.5	−18.5	−19.1
Yearly mean air	acc.^*	8.8	11.8	7.7	7.9	7.6	6.9	5.5
temperature [°C]	acc. to ASHRAE	8.5	11.2	7.9	9.6	9.0	7.3	7.1

Table 2.

Heat transfer coefficients for building's envelopes U [W/(m² · K)] [15, 20]

Building's envelope	The maximum values of heat transfer coefficient		Assumed values of heat transfer coefficient
	Ukraine	Poland	Ukraine	Poland
Exterior walls	0.30	0.20	0.283	0.141
Flat roof above heated spaces	0.20	0.15	0.159	0.129
Floor on the ground	0.20	0.30	0.187	0.187
Flat roof over unheated attic	0.20	0.15	-	-
Flat roof over unheated basement	0.27	0.25	-	-
Exterior windows	1.33	0.90	1.100	0.760
Exterior doors	1.67	1.30	1.500	0.850

Table 3.

The indoor air temperature values [15, 20]

Room	The indoor air temperature [°C]
	Ukraine (Lviv)	Poland
Kitchen	19.5	20.0
Living room, bedroom, study room, toilet	22.0	20.0
Hall, utility room	19.5	20.0
Bathroom	25.0	24.0

Table 4.

The technical data of ceiling panels [4, 21]

Parameter	Data
Heating capacity	at 15 K temperature difference approx. 54 W/m²
Thermal conductivity λ_R	1.25 W/(m·K)
Ceiling thickness	20 cm
Element width	224.5 cm
Thermal performance t_s=35°C, t_r=33°C	Ukraine: t_i=19.5°C; q_h = 67.3 W/m² t_i=22.0°C; q_h = 55.7 W/m² t_i=25.0°C; q_h = 41.8 W/m²
Thermal performance t_s=35°C, t_r=33°C	Poland: t_i=20.0°C; q_h = 65.0 W/m² Poland: t_i=24.0°C; q_h = 46.4 W/m²

Table 5.

Heat load of the building

Country	Ukraine		Poland
Climate zone	I	II	I	II	III	IV	V
Heat load [kW]	90.0	83.4	65.6	69.0	72.6	76.2	79.9
Specific heat load [W/m²]	47.1	43.6	34.3	36.1	38.0	39.8	41.8

Table 6.

Specific heat load of all apartments in various climate zones

Country				Ukraine				Poland
		No	A_h	Θ_int	I	II	q_h	Θ_int	I	II	III	IV	V	q_h
		-	m²	°C	W/m²			°C	W/m²
Segment A	Ground floor	A10	35.0	21.5	60.3	54.5	58.0	20.6	47.4	49.1	51.3	53.9	57.1	62.2
		A11	43.0	21.7	68.8	62.4	57.1	20.4	51.4	53.4	55.9	58.7	62.1	63.1
		A12	48.6	21.3	68.3	61.5	58.9	20.4	51.9	53.9	56.3	59.2	62.7	63.1
		A13	35.0	21.5	56.0	49.9	58.0	20.5	45.3	46.7	48.8	51.2	54.5	62.6
		A14	67.7	21.5	52.8	47.4	58.0	20.4	42.0	43.5	45.4	47.7	50.7	63.1
		A15	49.3	21.3	53.0	47.0	58.9	20.3	43.1	44.5	46.5	48.8	52.0	63.6
		A16	46.6	21.4	53.0	47.3	58.5	20.4	42.7	44.1	46.0	48.4	51.4	63.1
	Floor I	A20	35.0	21.5	55.2	49.6	58.0	20.6	43.5	44.9	46.8	49.1	52.2	62.2
		A21	43.0	21.7	59.3	53.5	57.1	20.4	44.1	45.7	47.7	50.1	53.2	63.1
		A22	48.6	21.3	58.8	52.6	58.9	20.4	44.5	46.1	48.1	50.6	53.7	63.1
		A23	35.0	21.5	52.8	46.8	58.0	20.5	43.0	44.2	46.1	48.4	51.6	62.6
		A24	67.7	21.5	49.3	43.9	58.0	20.4	39.4	40.7	42.4	44.6	47.5	63.1
		A25	49.3	21.3	49.4	43.5	58.9	20.3	40.4	41.6	43.4	45.6	48.7	63.6
		A26	46.6	21.4	64.2	43.5	58.5	20.4	39.8	41.0	42.7	44.9	47.9	63.1
	Floor II	A30	35.0	21.5	61.3	56.0	58.0	20.6	46.5	48.3	50.5	53.1	56.1	62.2
		A31	43.0	21.7	66.4	60.8	57.1	20.4	47.7	49.7	52.1	54.7	57.7	63.1
		A32	48.6	21.3	65.9	59.9	58.9	20.4	48.1	50.2	52.5	55.2	58.3	63.1
		A33	35.0	21.5	58.6	52.9	58.0	20.5	45.7	47.4	49.6	52.1	55.2	62.6
		A34	67.7	21.5	55.1	50.0	58.0	20.4	42.2	43.9	45.9	48.3	51.1	63.1
		A35	49.3	21.3	55.3	49.7	58.9	20.3	43.3	44.9	47.0	49.4	52.3	63.6
		A36	46.6	21.4	55.1	49.8	58.5	20.4	42.7	44.3	46.4	48.7	51.6	63.1
Segment B	Ground floor	A50	35.0	21.6	60.8	54.9	57.5	20.6	47.5	49.2	51.4	54.0	57.3	62.2
		A51	46.7	21.4	53.1	47.3	58.5	20.4	42.7	44.1	46.1	48.4	51.4	63.1
		A52	49.1	21.3	51.4	45.7	58.9	20.3	41.7	43.0	44.9	47.2	50.3	63.6
		A53	67.8	21.5	52.2	46.9	58.0	20.4	41.3	42.8	44.7	47.0	49.9	63.1
		A54	58.3	21.4	62.2	56.2	58.5	20.3	47.3	49.1	51.4	54.0	57.4	63.6
		A55	55.3	21.5	65.0	59.0	58.0	20.3	48.8	50.7	53.0	55.7	59.2	63.6
	Floor I	A60	35.0	21.6	55.6	50.0	57.5	20.6	43.6	45.0	46.9	49.3	52.4	62.2
		A61	46.7	21.4	49.2	43.6	58.5	20.4	39.8	41.0	42.8	45.0	47.9	63.1
		A62	49.1	21.3	47.8	42.2	58.9	20.3	39.0	40.2	41.9	44.0	46.9	63.6
		A63	67.8	21.5	48.7	43.5	58.0	20.4	38.8	40.0	41.8	43.9	46.7	63.1
		A64	58.3	21.4	54.2	48.6	58.5	20.3	41.1	42.6	44.5	46.8	49.6	63.6
		A65	55.3	21.5	56.5	51.0	58.0	20.3	42.2	43.7	45.7	48.0	50.9	63.6
	Floor II	A70	35.0	21.6	61.7	56.4	57.5	20.6	46.6	48.4	50.7	53.2	56.2	62.2
		A71	46.7	21.4	55.1	49.8	58.5	20.4	42.7	44.4	46.4	48.7	51.6	63.1
		A72	49.1	21.3	53.6	48.3	58.9	20.3	41.8	43.4	45.4	47.7	50.6	63.6
		A73	67.8	21.5	54.5	49.6	58.0	20.4	41.6	43.2	45.3	47.6	50.3	63.1
		A74	58.3	21.4	61.0	55.6	58.5	20.3	44.6	46.8	49.0	51.5	54.3	63.6
		A75	55.3	21.5	63.4	58.1	58.0	20.3	45.7	48.0	50.3	52.8	55.7	63.6

Apartments A11, A12, A62 and A63 shown on building plan

Table 7.

Minimum temperature of supply medium

Country: Ukraine, flat A11 / 43.0 m² / ground floor, Θ_int = 21.7°C
Climate zone	I	II
Specific heat load of flat [W/m²]	68.8	62.4
Medium supply temperature [°C]	38/36	36/34

The layouts and heat load of flats: A12, A63 in Poland and A11, A62 in Ukraine

Table 8.

Heat loads of the rooms in selected apartments

App.	Room	Name	t_i, °C	A_h, m²	ϕ_HL, W	q_HL, W/m²	q_h, W/m²	ΔQ, W
the best case in II climate zone	621	Hall	19.5	9.3	120	12.9	67.3
	623	Living room	22.0	18.1	805	44.4	55.7
	624	Kitchen	19.5	9.4	359	38.2	67.3
	625	Bedroom	22.0	8.0	503	63.1	55.7	−59
	622	Bathroom	25.0	4.3	282	65.9	41.8	−103
the worst case in Ukraine A11 I climate zone	111	Hall	19.5	5.0	103	20.6	67.3
	115	Living room	22.0	16.9	1463	86.8	55.7	−524
	114	Kitchen	19.5	6.1	378	61.7	67.3
	113	Bedroom	22.0	10.3	672	65.4	55.7	−100
	112	Bathroom	25.0	4.8	345	72.2	41.8	−145
the best case in Poland A63 I climate zone	631	Hall	20.0	8.3	223	26.9	65.0
	632	Living room	20.0	19.5	841	43.2	65.0
	633	Kitchen	20.0	13.4	450	33.5	65.0
	634	Bedroom 1	20.0	8.1	313	38.8	65.0
	635	Bedroom 2	20.0	12.0	425	35.4	65.0
	636	Bathroom	24.0	6.5	357	54.9	46.4	−55
the worst case in Poland A12 V climate zone	121	Hall	20.0	7.6	271	35.5	65.0
	125	Living room	20.0	18.2	1271	69.7	65.0	−86
	123	Kitchen	20.0	10.6	733	69.2	65.0	−45
	124	Bedroom	20.0	7.7	461	59.9	65.0
	122	Bathroom	24.0	4.4	308	70.0	46.4	−104

Illustration of thermal power shortages in flats A12, A11, A63 and A62

References

Authors

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0042 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 (formerly 1899-0142) | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142

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Language: English

Page range: 151 - 161

Submitted on: Apr 25, 2023

Accepted on: Jun 19, 2023

Published on: Oct 20, 2023

Published by: Silesian University of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Energy-saving technologies,

Renewable energy sources,

Residential building heating,

OZC Software,

Thermal performance of building

Related subjects:

Architecture and design,

Architecture,

Architects, buildings

© 2023 Natalia Fidorów-Kaprawy, Edyta Dudkiewicz, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 16 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)

Heating Ceiling System Efficiency in Different Climate Zones

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Table 1.

Figure 2.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Figure 3.

Table 5.

Table 6.

Figure 4.

Table 7.

Figure 5.

Table 8.

Figure 6.

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