Table 1.
Parameters of analyzed piles
| Pile | H [m] | D [m] | Ngr2 [kN] | κ2 [−] | C2 [mm/kN] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36N-10L | 27.5 | 1 | 27.5 | 6590 | 0.61 | 0.00062 |
| 31-10L | 27.5 | 2 | 13.75 | 8700 | 1.4 | 0.00077 |
| 38-10P | 31.5 | 1.5 | 21 | 12500 | 0.65 | 0.00087 |
| 38-12P | 33.5 | 1.5 | 22.33 | 11850 | 0.1 | 0.00064 |
| 38-12L | 33.5 | 1.5 | 22.33 | 12200 | 0.5 | 0.00037 |

Figure 1.
Example of M-K curves [12]

Figure 2.
Optimal values of M-K parameters for a pile 31–10L [1]

Figure 3.
M-K curve for a pile 31–10L [1]
Table 2.
Calculated and measured settlement for a pile 31 10L [1]
| Ni [kN] | si,test [mm] | si,calc,opt [mm] |
|---|---|---|
| 1600 | 1.2 | 1.575 |
| 2600 | 1.9 | 3.081 |
| 3200 | 2.4 | 4.308 |
| 3800 | 3.2 | 5.904 |
| 4100 | 4.1 | 6.892 |
| 4500 | 5.9 | 8.479 |
| 4750 | 7.1 | 9.668 |
| 4900 | 8.8 | 10.474 |
| 5100 | 9.4 | 11.673 |
| 5200 | 10 | 12.335 |
| 5800 | 14.6 | 17.492 |
| 6200 | 20 | 22.637 |
| 6500 | 24.9 | 28.011 |
| 6650 | 30 | 31.419 |
| 6800 | 35.2 | 35.482 |
| 6950 | 40 | 40.396 |
| 7100 | 45.2 | 46.435 |
| 7200 | 50 | 51.279 |
| 7300 | 60 | 56.964 |
| 7400 | 70 | 63.715 |
| 7500 | 80 | 71.837 |
| 7600 | 90 | 81.763 |

Figure 4.
Idea of curve conversion
Table 3.
Calculated and measured values of maximum pile-bearing capacity
| Pile | D | H/D | Ngr2,test [kN] | Ngr2,calc [kN] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36N-10L | 1 | 27.5 | 6490 | 7127 | 1.09 |
| 31-10L | 2 | 13.75 | 7700 | 8434 | 1.09 |
| 38-10P | 1.5 | 21 | 11900 | 9984 | 0.84 |
| 21N-10L | 2 | 13.75 | 8260 | 8434 | 1.02 |
| 25N-10L | 1 | 27.5 | 6350 | 7126 | 1.12 |
| 38-12P | 1.5 | 22.33 | 11780 | 11124 | 0.94 |
| 38-12L | 1.5 | 22.33 | 12150 | 11124 | 0.92 |

Figure 5.
Plasticized zone under the pile toe [1]

Figure 6.
Complete description of load-settlement relation of a pile 31–10L using the M-K method

Figure 7.
Comparison between load-settlement relation in case of decreased length and diameter

Figure 8.
Change of safety factor in cased of decreased length and diameter
Table 4.
Comparison between values of safety factor in case of decreased length and diameter
| srec [mm] | SF | |
|---|---|---|
| Before conversion | After conversion | |
| 1 | 7.89 | 4.84 |
| 1.2 | 6.77 | 4.23 |
| 1.4 | 5.97 | 3.79 |
| 1.6 | 5.37 | 3.47 |
| 1.8 | 4.90 | 3.21 |
| 2 | 4.53 | 3.01 |
| 2.2 | 4.22 | 2.84 |
| 2.4 | 3.97 | 2.70 |
| 2.6 | 3.75 | 2.58 |
| 2.8 | 3.57 | 2.48 |
| 3 | 3.41 | 2.39 |
| 3.2 | 3.26 | 2.31 |
| 3.4 | 3.14 | 2.24 |
| 3.6 | 3.03 | 2.18 |
| 3.8 | 2.93 | 2.13 |
| 4 | 2.84 | 2.08 |
| 4.2 | 2.76 | 2.03 |
| 4.4 | 2.69 | 1.99 |
| 4.6 | 2.62 | 1.95 |
| 4.8 | 2.56 | 1.92 |
| 5 | 2.50 | 1.89 |
| 5.2 | 2.45 | 1.86 |
| 5.4 | 2.40 | 1.83 |
| 5.6 | 2.35 | 1.80 |
| 5.8 | 2.31 | 1.78 |
| 6 | 2.27 | 1.76 |
| 6.2 | 2.23 | 1.74 |
| 6.4 | 2.20 | 1.72 |
| 6.6 | 2.17 | 1.70 |
| 6.8 | 2.14 | 1.68 |
| 7 | 2.11 | 1.67 |
| 7.2 | 2.08 | 1.65 |
| 7.4 | 2.05 | 1.64 |
| 7.6 | 2.03 | 1.62 |
| 7.8 | 2.00 | 1.61 |
| 8 | 1.98 | 1.60 |
| 8.2 | 1.96 | 1.58 |
| 8.4 | 1.94 | 1.57 |
| 8.6 | 1.92 | 1.56 |
| 8.8 | 1.90 | 1.55 |
| 9 | 1.89 | 1.54 |