Figure 1.
![Assumed column of organic soil for calculation; σ0 – loading by the preload embankment (kPa); σz – stresses in the soil in the column under consideration (kPa); HT – organic soil thickness (m); Em_1 – constrained modulus of elasticity of peat material in the column under consideration; determined by the first model (kPa); A – analysed point (−); hn – the height of the embankment (m); γ – the unit weight of the embankment (kN/m3); z – the axis of depth [9, 10]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251025%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251025T171803Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=08c9b28f05d9b44d5dd2cb96462ff6eae86d3625b293240efaaf46eff6da94ab&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![Assumptions made for the model; a) calculated column in methods b) adopted coordinate system for calculations; σ0 – loading by the preload embankment (kPa); σz – stresses in the soil in the column under consideration (kPa); HT – organic soil thickness (m); Em_2 – constrained modulus of elasticity of peat material in the column under consideration; determined by the second model (kPa); A, analysed point (−); hn – the height of the embankment (m); γ – the unit weight of the embankment (kN/m3); z – the axis of depth [10]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251025%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251025T171803Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=5e7915e2de55a1f6d3ba542e64d6611c4b022da6744119b125c77cc95fac3bcb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Scheme of embankments with the arrangement of measuring benchmarks [3, 16, 17]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251025%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251025T171803Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=28e2b6db5a7e43a151c3e545a02c99f024a25c588544f151c96dd9eca7054a45&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
The details of embankments [13, 15, 16, 17, 18]
| The first embankment | The second embankment | |
|---|---|---|
| Dimension at the base | 16 × 26 m | 19.8 × 23.6 m |
| Initial height | 2.0 m | 2.2 m |
| Material of embankment | MSa | MSa |
| Bulk density of embankment | γ =17.5 kN/m3, | γ =18.18 kN/m3, |
| Height of organic soil layer | 4.0 m | 4.0 m |
| Type of organic soil | 2 m of peat and 2 m of gyttja | 4 m of peat |
| Water content of organic soil | w = 418% (peat); | Peat – w = 426% |
| Bulk density | Peat – γ =10.5 kN/m3 | Peat – γ =10.5 kN/m3 |
| Organic matter content | Peat – Iż = 99%; | Peat – Iż = 90% |