Figure 1.
![Assumed column of organic soil for calculation; σ0 – loading by the preload embankment (kPa); σz – stresses in the soil in the column under consideration (kPa); HT – organic soil thickness (m); Em_1 – constrained modulus of elasticity of peat material in the column under consideration; determined by the first model (kPa); A – analysed point (−); hn – the height of the embankment (m); γ – the unit weight of the embankment (kN/m3); z – the axis of depth [9, 10]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKAV7KI53H%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T225528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEQaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDKNa8y2lc0a0FpyiYuha1NvRqEFP6UmSLtJsox%2FjOcIAIgRf1VR%2F2z9TtrnD%2B1m2Vt%2FH2zcHfFeVyHGIPoaWRACgAqvQUIDRACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGtbhLw3Wdws79NonSqaBSZ07EiTRHs0TsJ4mpDSApsikNHNkUTsM6tJ1ypQquKDvIFlQRWUtKwuwfFC6Z9Qjqyv5HM13kIXVXrEfdepp9Sy2MUd9XWK25MTx2V7uXsAKua6N5eb4zfBa1ghq2egZ1WQl6SIHLSrw8S6DOT0VWnaz5FJHfarUCokR9qmEoVUEIOTO%2BUlQBSNauCvKzRSmxNmp0zpnVi5kwv9%2FXMQaGOwMuaM4LiYhTmCy9fsWWVk0NEFeaRA3yg8tZX2FfuRlyoHQ2YW5czGNxIGHEgUSg4lwM8AQyAFVAParGUKmL9SBQ4TzugsER1xEppRIfLyhzerzwVQQ526PaVDEKXvMFyMtw7ONZkZqAGpa0M2aDWbZWg0joTQL8pg8CBNOTZFM%2BR86mEUFRNAuCWGBteSKHcxE%2Fw3ls7L36RPgR9DkvxJoCyUd5o4gf95iUetR3UURlD8BlQ9of9Z4WXGHnMB0Lm%2F4qObTUUdkb789UT2ua01I%2FfhTSeJuAnD%2B5GxBSK7sShhxxe2XdkCkexV1A8aF83TOZp%2F58wJ6CIcqtLrqKHbYPfxeH2HHyRXH5K1QiMD3i8ox69eW9Mf4M%2FwCiuGkWN43%2FvfGCtH7dkna4HWEhRl26So0CAYKedoZ%2FI8ekFkXmVOoC%2BMS02UD%2FIljhtZTDV71oUTPougTD69Dh5LZSaNSkymyDsrigqCueg6yIV6gyJv%2FzWWxRFzNsz9oSuDRyGO1ONrYYf7XRpii%2Bp1QDQjiYt4zjHmYIvY2bE4Z9JrjJARwNe2iEbwXxdjK%2FtBRGGzo5nQiWVCDW54y3UWyJ3gF4FOZy2xoDTCHnlcio49EGimyfuS9yhd9E6es3lOis5SgYkN7hLQfXavcHqC17Db3LzMvnedwuBpSDCm6%2FHJBjqxAdh7oddhjlgp8XvcZM%2Fwz76vAR7667PA6svUpsHSgIi0Eecm3ayDY8IZ2m3nbkGe6Y6XbroL2Ty3B8JFqSZKoqIAznrHvmk5ALuNzWf5Xo6Gf%2FMOh2hLVoK1sflhAjVz2sstjGqy6%2F0ETMaKS6O%2FJBnfcpmBfX6h1djmwbWmBsF389tmKZ1pB3Ew5SohucOZY2c8wsrkU1hQnz5aVOUoAYjPd0rOTek6eirHpxCi%2B2uv3g%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=d495df46d4c1ae0a735a4d07aafd1e023c42f6cb863777fb085935c1d56df4f6&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![Assumptions made for the model; a) calculated column in methods b) adopted coordinate system for calculations; σ0 – loading by the preload embankment (kPa); σz – stresses in the soil in the column under consideration (kPa); HT – organic soil thickness (m); Em_2 – constrained modulus of elasticity of peat material in the column under consideration; determined by the second model (kPa); A, analysed point (−); hn – the height of the embankment (m); γ – the unit weight of the embankment (kN/m3); z – the axis of depth [10]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKAV7KI53H%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T225528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEQaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDKNa8y2lc0a0FpyiYuha1NvRqEFP6UmSLtJsox%2FjOcIAIgRf1VR%2F2z9TtrnD%2B1m2Vt%2FH2zcHfFeVyHGIPoaWRACgAqvQUIDRACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGtbhLw3Wdws79NonSqaBSZ07EiTRHs0TsJ4mpDSApsikNHNkUTsM6tJ1ypQquKDvIFlQRWUtKwuwfFC6Z9Qjqyv5HM13kIXVXrEfdepp9Sy2MUd9XWK25MTx2V7uXsAKua6N5eb4zfBa1ghq2egZ1WQl6SIHLSrw8S6DOT0VWnaz5FJHfarUCokR9qmEoVUEIOTO%2BUlQBSNauCvKzRSmxNmp0zpnVi5kwv9%2FXMQaGOwMuaM4LiYhTmCy9fsWWVk0NEFeaRA3yg8tZX2FfuRlyoHQ2YW5czGNxIGHEgUSg4lwM8AQyAFVAParGUKmL9SBQ4TzugsER1xEppRIfLyhzerzwVQQ526PaVDEKXvMFyMtw7ONZkZqAGpa0M2aDWbZWg0joTQL8pg8CBNOTZFM%2BR86mEUFRNAuCWGBteSKHcxE%2Fw3ls7L36RPgR9DkvxJoCyUd5o4gf95iUetR3UURlD8BlQ9of9Z4WXGHnMB0Lm%2F4qObTUUdkb789UT2ua01I%2FfhTSeJuAnD%2B5GxBSK7sShhxxe2XdkCkexV1A8aF83TOZp%2F58wJ6CIcqtLrqKHbYPfxeH2HHyRXH5K1QiMD3i8ox69eW9Mf4M%2FwCiuGkWN43%2FvfGCtH7dkna4HWEhRl26So0CAYKedoZ%2FI8ekFkXmVOoC%2BMS02UD%2FIljhtZTDV71oUTPougTD69Dh5LZSaNSkymyDsrigqCueg6yIV6gyJv%2FzWWxRFzNsz9oSuDRyGO1ONrYYf7XRpii%2Bp1QDQjiYt4zjHmYIvY2bE4Z9JrjJARwNe2iEbwXxdjK%2FtBRGGzo5nQiWVCDW54y3UWyJ3gF4FOZy2xoDTCHnlcio49EGimyfuS9yhd9E6es3lOis5SgYkN7hLQfXavcHqC17Db3LzMvnedwuBpSDCm6%2FHJBjqxAdh7oddhjlgp8XvcZM%2Fwz76vAR7667PA6svUpsHSgIi0Eecm3ayDY8IZ2m3nbkGe6Y6XbroL2Ty3B8JFqSZKoqIAznrHvmk5ALuNzWf5Xo6Gf%2FMOh2hLVoK1sflhAjVz2sstjGqy6%2F0ETMaKS6O%2FJBnfcpmBfX6h1djmwbWmBsF389tmKZ1pB3Ew5SohucOZY2c8wsrkU1hQnz5aVOUoAYjPd0rOTek6eirHpxCi%2B2uv3g%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=3ce99dd3906a52ad0ca45b2d90f4210ecbdb946dea8661e093217af4f35db8ee&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Scheme of embankments with the arrangement of measuring benchmarks [3, 16, 17]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64b9094864573c28bc2b890f/j_acee-2023-0020_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKAV7KI53H%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T225528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEQaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDKNa8y2lc0a0FpyiYuha1NvRqEFP6UmSLtJsox%2FjOcIAIgRf1VR%2F2z9TtrnD%2B1m2Vt%2FH2zcHfFeVyHGIPoaWRACgAqvQUIDRACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGtbhLw3Wdws79NonSqaBSZ07EiTRHs0TsJ4mpDSApsikNHNkUTsM6tJ1ypQquKDvIFlQRWUtKwuwfFC6Z9Qjqyv5HM13kIXVXrEfdepp9Sy2MUd9XWK25MTx2V7uXsAKua6N5eb4zfBa1ghq2egZ1WQl6SIHLSrw8S6DOT0VWnaz5FJHfarUCokR9qmEoVUEIOTO%2BUlQBSNauCvKzRSmxNmp0zpnVi5kwv9%2FXMQaGOwMuaM4LiYhTmCy9fsWWVk0NEFeaRA3yg8tZX2FfuRlyoHQ2YW5czGNxIGHEgUSg4lwM8AQyAFVAParGUKmL9SBQ4TzugsER1xEppRIfLyhzerzwVQQ526PaVDEKXvMFyMtw7ONZkZqAGpa0M2aDWbZWg0joTQL8pg8CBNOTZFM%2BR86mEUFRNAuCWGBteSKHcxE%2Fw3ls7L36RPgR9DkvxJoCyUd5o4gf95iUetR3UURlD8BlQ9of9Z4WXGHnMB0Lm%2F4qObTUUdkb789UT2ua01I%2FfhTSeJuAnD%2B5GxBSK7sShhxxe2XdkCkexV1A8aF83TOZp%2F58wJ6CIcqtLrqKHbYPfxeH2HHyRXH5K1QiMD3i8ox69eW9Mf4M%2FwCiuGkWN43%2FvfGCtH7dkna4HWEhRl26So0CAYKedoZ%2FI8ekFkXmVOoC%2BMS02UD%2FIljhtZTDV71oUTPougTD69Dh5LZSaNSkymyDsrigqCueg6yIV6gyJv%2FzWWxRFzNsz9oSuDRyGO1ONrYYf7XRpii%2Bp1QDQjiYt4zjHmYIvY2bE4Z9JrjJARwNe2iEbwXxdjK%2FtBRGGzo5nQiWVCDW54y3UWyJ3gF4FOZy2xoDTCHnlcio49EGimyfuS9yhd9E6es3lOis5SgYkN7hLQfXavcHqC17Db3LzMvnedwuBpSDCm6%2FHJBjqxAdh7oddhjlgp8XvcZM%2Fwz76vAR7667PA6svUpsHSgIi0Eecm3ayDY8IZ2m3nbkGe6Y6XbroL2Ty3B8JFqSZKoqIAznrHvmk5ALuNzWf5Xo6Gf%2FMOh2hLVoK1sflhAjVz2sstjGqy6%2F0ETMaKS6O%2FJBnfcpmBfX6h1djmwbWmBsF389tmKZ1pB3Ew5SohucOZY2c8wsrkU1hQnz5aVOUoAYjPd0rOTek6eirHpxCi%2B2uv3g%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=d2f8e15c2c8e723de7696bef60cf57c5a2d164827f2b1f0d45b335271369dab2&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
The details of embankments [13, 15, 16, 17, 18]
| The first embankment | The second embankment | |
|---|---|---|
| Dimension at the base | 16 × 26 m | 19.8 × 23.6 m |
| Initial height | 2.0 m | 2.2 m |
| Material of embankment | MSa | MSa |
| Bulk density of embankment | γ =17.5 kN/m3, | γ =18.18 kN/m3, |
| Height of organic soil layer | 4.0 m | 4.0 m |
| Type of organic soil | 2 m of peat and 2 m of gyttja | 4 m of peat |
| Water content of organic soil | w = 418% (peat); | Peat – w = 426% |
| Bulk density | Peat – γ =10.5 kN/m3 | Peat – γ =10.5 kN/m3 |
| Organic matter content | Peat – Iż = 99%; | Peat – Iż = 90% |