Figure 1
The AF was weighed before mixing with LFC
Table 1
Chemical composition of AF
| Composition | %, dry weight |
|---|---|
| Cellulose (%) | 41.1 |
| Lignin (%) | 21.2 |
| Hemicellulose (%) | 28.5 |
| Ash (%) | 2.3 |
| Extractives (%) | 3.9 |
| Moisture (%) | 2.6 |
Table 2
Physical properties of AF
| Component | Properties |
|---|---|
| Length of fibre | 20 mm |
| Diameter of fibre | 275 um |
| Width of lumen | 16.38 um |
| Density of fibre | 0.79 g/cm3 |
| Angle of fibril (°) | 41 |
| Runkel ratio | 0.266 |
Table 3
Mechanical properties of AF
| Component | Properties |
|---|---|
| Modulus of elasticity (MPa) | 14978 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 149.2 |
| Elongation at break (%) | 10.89 |
Table 4
Mix design proportion
| Sample | Density (kg/m3) | Abaca fibre (kg) | Cement (kg) | Sand (kg) | Water (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 550 | 0.000 | 16.91 | 25.36 | 7.61 |
| 0.15% AF | 550 | 0.074 | 16.91 | 25.36 | 7.61 |
| 0.30% AF | 550 | 0.149 | 16.91 | 25.36 | 7.61 |
| 0.45% AF | 550 | 0.224 | 16.91 | 25.36 | 7.61 |
| 0.60% AF | 550 | 0.299 | 16.91 | 25.36 | 7.61 |
Figure 2
Process of wrapping of LFC specimens during the curing stage
Figure 3
Setup of compression test
Figure 4
Setup of flexural test
Figure 5
Setup of splitting tensile test
Table 5
Mechanical properties tests
| Type of Test | Specimen | Testing day | No. of specimens (each mix) | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compression test | Cube (100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm) | 7th, 28th and 56th | 9 | BS EN 12390-3 |
| Flexural test | Prism (100 mm × 100 mm × 500 mm) | 7th, 28th and 56th | 9 | BS EN 12390-5 |
| Splitting tensile test | Cylinder (100 mm dia. × 200 mm) | 7th, 28th and 56th | 9 | BS EN 12390-6 |
Figure 6
Compressive strength of LFC with different weight fractions of AF
Figure 7
Flexural strength of LFC with different weight fractions of AF
Figure 8
Splitting tensile strength of LFC with different weight fractions of AF
Figure 9
Relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength of LFC
Figure 10
Relationship between compressive and tensile strengths of LFC