Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Risk factors, molecular features, and antibiotic susceptibility in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections among pediatric patients: a matched case-control study Cover

Risk factors, molecular features, and antibiotic susceptibility in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections among pediatric patients: a matched case-control study

Open Access
|Aug 2026
Read online

References

  1. Jesudason T. WHO publishes updated list of bacterial priority pathogens. Lancet Microbe. 2024; 5:100940. doi: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.003
  2. Sader HS, Carvalhaes CG, Arends SJR, Castanheira M, Mendes RE. Aztreonam/avibactam activity against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales collected in Europe, Asia and Latin America in 2019. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021; 76:659–66.
  3. Malchione MD, Torres LM, Hartley DM, Koch M, Goodman JL. Carbapenem and colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Southeast Asia: review and mapping of emerging and overlapping challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019; 54:381–99.
  4. Nulsopapon P, Pongchaidecha M, Nasomsong W, Polwichai P, Suphankong S, Sirichote P, et al. Antimicrobial activity profiles and potential antimicrobial regimens against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolated from multi-centers in Western Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022; 11:355. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030355
  5. Aguilera-Alonso D, Escosa-Garcia L, Saavedra-Lozano J, Cercenado E, Baquero-Artigao F. Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020; 64:e02183–19.
  6. Suay-Garcia B, Perez-Gracia MT. Present and future of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. Antibiotics (Basel). 2019; 8:122. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8030122
  7. Yungyuen T, Chatsuwan T, Plongla R, Kanthawong S, Yordpratum U, Voravuthikunchai SP, et al. Nationwide surveillance and molecular characterization of critically drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: results of the Research University Network Thailand study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021; 65:e00675–21.
  8. van Loon K, Voor In't Holt AF, Vos MC. A systematic review and meta-analyses of the clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018; 62:e01730–17.
  9. Maltezou HC, Kontopidou F, Katerelos P, Daikos G, Roilides E, Theodoridou M. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens in hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013; 32:e151–4.
  10. Montagnani C, Prato M, Scolfaro C, Colombo S, Esposito S, Tagliabue C, et al. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in children: an Italian retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016; 35:862–8.
  11. Logan LK, Nguyen DC, Scaggs Huang FA, Qureshi NK, Charnot-Katsikas A, Bartlett AH, et al. A multi-centered case-case-control study of factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections in children and young adults. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019; 38:490–5.
  12. Sritippayawan S, Sri-Singh K, Prapphal N, Samransamruajkit R, Deerojanawong J. Multidrug-resistant hospital-associated infections in a pediatric intensive care unit: a cross-sectional survey in a Thai university hospital. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13:506–12.
  13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. CLSI supplement M100. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 34th ed. Wayne (PA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2024.
  14. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 14.0. Växjö (Sweden): EUCAST; 2024.
  15. Colom K, Perez J, Alonso R, Fernandez-Aranguiz A, Larino E, Cisterna R. Simple and reliable multiplex PCR assay for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA-1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003; 223:147–51.
  16. Mabilat C, Courvalin P. Development of “oligotyping” for characterization and molecular epidemiology of TEM beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990; 34:2210–6.
  17. Bonnet R, Sampaio JL, Labia R, De Champs C, Sirot D, Chanal C, et al. A novel CTX-M beta-lactamase (CTX-M-8) in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000; 44:1936–42.
  18. Udomsantisuk N, Nunthapisud P, Tirawatanapong T, Dansuputra M. Molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical isolates Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011; 94:1504–12.
  19. Ellington MJ, Kistler J, Livermore DM, Woodford N. Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of genes encoding acquired metallo-beta-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007; 59:321–2.
  20. Poirel L, Walsh TR, Cuvillier V, Nordmann P. Multiplex PCR for detection of acquired Carbapenemase genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 70:119–23.
  21. Xiong Z, Zhang C, Sarbandi K, Liang Z, Mai J, Liang B, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric inpatients in South China. Microbiol Spectr. 2023; 11:e02839–23.
  22. Ulu-Kilic A, Alp E, Percin D, Cevahir F, Altay-Kurkcu C, Ozturk A. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae rectal colonization in pediatric units. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014; 8:1361–4.
  23. Chiotos K, Tamma PD, Flett KB, Naumann M, Karandikar MV, Bilker WB, et al. Multicenter study of the risk factors for colonization or infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017; 61:e01440–17.
  24. Zhang Y, Guo LY, Song WQ, Wang Y, Dong F, Liu G. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection and predictors of mortality in Chinese paediatric patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18:248. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3160-3
  25. Sahbudak Bal Z, Bekmezci N, Soylu M, Sen S, Avcu G, Aydemir S, et al. The prospective evaluation of risk factors and clinical influence of carbapenem resistance in children with gram-negative bacteria infection. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46:147–53.
  26. Marimuthu K, Ng OT, Cherng BPZ, Fong RKC, Pada SK, De PP, et al. Antecedent carbapenem exposure as a risk factor for non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63:e00845–19.
  27. Queenan AM, Bush K. Carbapenemases: The versatile beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20:440–58.
  28. Potter RF, D'Souza AW, Dantas G. The rapid spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Drug Resist Updat. 2016; 29:30–46.
  29. Takeuchi D, Kerdsin A, Akeda Y, Sugawara Y, Sakamoto N, Matsumoto Y, et al. Nationwide surveillance in Thailand revealed genotype-dependent dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Microb Genom. 2022; 8:000797.
  30. Paveenkittiporn W, Lyman M, Biedron C, Chea N, Bunthi C, Kolwaite A, et al. Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in Thailand, 2016–2018. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2021; 10:88. doi: 10.1186/s13756-021-00950-7
  31. Logan LK, Weinstein RA. The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The impact and evolution of a global menace. J Infect Dis. 2017; 215:S28–36.
  32. Wise MG, Karlowsky JA, Mohamed N, Hermsen ED, Kamat S, Townsend A, et al. Global trends in carbapenem- and difficult-to-treat resistance among World Health Organization priority bacterial pathogens: ATLAS surveillance program 2018–2022. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2024; 37:168–75.
  33. Paterson DL, Bonomo RA. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: A clinical update. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18:657–86.
  34. Ruekit S, Srijan A, Serichantalergs O, Margulieux KR, Mc Gann P, Mills EG, et al. Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant ESKAPEE pathogens from clinical samples in Chonburi, Thailand (2017–2018). BMC Infect Dis. 2022; 22:695. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07678-8
  35. Gales AC, Stone G, Sahm DF, Wise MG, Utt E. Incidence of ESBLs and carbapenemases among Enterobacterales and carbapenemases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected globally: results from ATLAS 2017–2019. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023; 78:1606–15.
  36. Thaden JT, Pogue JM, Kaye KS. Role of newer and re-emerging older agents in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Virulence. 2017; 8:403–16.
  37. Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, Mathers AJ, Satlin MJ, Bonomo RA. Infectious diseases society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae403
  38. Rodriguez-Bano J, Gutierrez-Gutierrez B, Machuca I, Pascual A. Treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31:e00079–17.
  39. Kim Y, Paik M, Khan C, Kim YJ, Kim E. Real-world safety evaluation of musculoskeletal adverse events associated with Korean pediatric fluoroquinolone use: a nationwide longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2019; 9:20156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56815-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2026-0029 | Journal eISSN: 1875-855X | Journal ISSN: 1905-7415
Language: English
Page range: 260 - 271
Published on: Aug 31, 2026
Published by: Chulalongkorn University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Pintip Suchartlikitwong, Naris Kueakulpattana, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Tanittha Chatsuwan, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.