Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Assessment of photobiomodulation in response to the microcirculation in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis patient Cover

Assessment of photobiomodulation in response to the microcirculation in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis patient

Open Access
|Feb 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

(A) The 830 nm laser device and (B) controller.
(A) The 830 nm laser device and (B) controller.

Figure 2.

(A) High power LDF device and (B) data collection from HD patients. HD, hemodialysis; LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry.
(A) High power LDF device and (B) data collection from HD patients. HD, hemodialysis; LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry.

Figure 3.

Consort flow diagram. LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry; PBM, photobiomodulation; RBC, red blood cell.
Consort flow diagram. LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry; PBM, photobiomodulation; RBC, red blood cell.

Figure 4.

(A) The fiber probe of the high-power LDF was placed at the edge of the AVF. (B) The actual tested situation of HD patients receiving 830 nm laser on the palm. AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HD, hemodialysis; LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry.
(A) The fiber probe of the high-power LDF was placed at the edge of the AVF. (B) The actual tested situation of HD patients receiving 830 nm laser on the palm. AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HD, hemodialysis; LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry.

Figure 5.

The variation of average microcirculation of AVF in HD patients with 830 nm laser (First phase: baseline; Second phase: 830 nm laser radiated on palm for 20 min; and Third phase: after the cessation of the 830 nm laser). AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HD, hemodialysis.
The variation of average microcirculation of AVF in HD patients with 830 nm laser (First phase: baseline; Second phase: 830 nm laser radiated on palm for 20 min; and Third phase: after the cessation of the 830 nm laser). AVF, arteriovenous fistula; HD, hemodialysis.

Figure 6.

Normalized average RBC concentration in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.
Normalized average RBC concentration in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.

Figure 7.

Normalized average RBC velocity in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.
Normalized average RBC velocity in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.

Figure 8.

Normalized average RBC flux in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.
Normalized average RBC flux in the duration of the HD period. HD, hemodialysis; PU, perfusion units; RBC, red blood cell.

The ratio of RBC microcirculation in patients with different durations of HD period

HD history (years)Microcirculation parameters of RBC (PU)Second phase (%)Third phase (%)
<3Concentration−2.18−3.04
Velocity−0.49+0.19
Flux−2.12−2.35
3–6Concentration−1.03−0.22
Velocity+2.78+3.02
Flux+1.30+1.13
≥6Concentration+0.10+0.52
Velocity−0.31−7.25
Flux−0.03−6.26

The relationship between the age and the microcirculation in patient duration of the HD treatment

The duration of HD period (years)Number of patients with microcirculation changed in AVF (increase/decrease)Age of the patient with increased microcirculation (years)Age of the patient with decreased microcirculation (years)
1(2/3)53.00 ± 8.4976.00 ± 10.44
2(1/1)7663
3(1/0)59N/A
4(1/2)5668.50 ± 6.36
5(3/1)66.67 ± 14.0172
6(1/0)45N/A
7(0/3)N/A71.00 ± 1.00
9(1/0)55N/A
Age (mean ± standard deviation) 58.67 ± 10.0370.10 ± 4.80

The ratio of RBC microcirculation in patients of different ages

Age (sample size)Microcirculation parameters of RBC (PU)Second phase (%)Third phase (%)
<65 (N = 9)Concentration−1.40−1.48
Velocity+2.31+3.16
Flux+1.37+1.59
≥65 (N = 11)Concentration−1.34−1.25
Velocity+0.10−0.90
Flux−1.58−3.02
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2025-0005 | Journal eISSN: 1875-855X | Journal ISSN: 1905-7415
Language: English
Page range: 3 - 13
Published on: Feb 28, 2025
Published by: Chulalongkorn University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 6 issues per year

© 2025 Yi-Ping Chang, Chuan-Tsung Su, Ya-Hui Hsieh, Fan-Chieh Meng, Jih-Huah Wu, published by Chulalongkorn University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.