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Munby, Jonathan. Public Enemies, Public Heroes. Screening the Gangster Film from Little Caesar to Touch of Evil. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1999. Print.10.7208/chicago/9780226550343.001.0001
Rabinowitz, Paula. “Gang Wars: Warner Brothers’ The Roaring Twenties Stars, News, and the New Deal.” A Companion to the Historical Film. Eds. Robert Rosenstone and Constantin Parvulescu. Malden: Wiley Blackwell, 2013. 257-82. Print.
Ryall, Tom. “Film Noir, American Painting and Photography: Questions of Influence.” A Companion to Film Noir. Eds. Andrew Spicer, Helen Hanson. Malden: Wiley Blackwell, 2013. 158-74. Print.
Studlar, Gaylyn. “A Gunsel Is Being Beaten: Gangster Masculinity and the Homoerotics of the Crime Film, 1941–1942.” Mob Culture: Hidden Histories of the American Gangster Film. Eds. Lee Grieveson, Esther Sonnet, and Peter Stanfield. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005. 120-45. Print.