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Risk factors for kinesiophobia after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective observational study† Cover

Risk factors for kinesiophobia after total hip arthroplasty: a prospective observational study†

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The scatter plots of Spearman correlation between risk factors and TSK scores; (A) Preoperative VAS is positively correlated with TSK scores; (B) Education level is negatively correlated with TSK scores; (C) Self-efficacy is negatively correlated with TSK scores. Note: TSK, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; VAS, visual analogue scale.

Binary Logistic regression analysis results of kinesiophobia after THA_

FactorsRegression coefficientStandard errorP
Education level–1.2820.4090.002
Preoperative VAS0.6160.2520.015
Self-efficacy–0.1020.022<0.001

Baseline data and univariate analysis results of patients in the 2 groups (x¯±s{\rm{\bar x}} \pm {\rm{s}})_

IndicatorsThe kinesiophobia group (n = 38)The non-kinesiophobia group (n = 175)Statistical valueP
Age (years)66.18 ± 6.9364.27 ± 7.31t = 1.4780.141
Gender (cases, male/female)20/1894/81x2 = 0.0150.903
BMI (kg/m2)28.05 ± 4.0727.70 ± 5.09t = 0.3970.692
ASA classification (cases, I/II/III)22/15/1102/61/12Z = -0.1550.877
Comorbidities
Diabetes (cases, yes/no)4/3417/158x2 = 0.0230.879
Hypertension (cases, 0/I/II/III)4/19/13/221/101/42/11Z = -0.8730.383
Preoperative VAS (points)6.29 ± 1.275.52 ± 1.11t = 3.4560.001
Preoperative pain duration (months)65.95 ± 10.9762.86 ± 7.23t = 2.1520.033
Revision surgery (cases, yes/no)6/3210/165x2 = 3.2270.072
Single/bilateral surgery (cases, single/bilateral)33/5167/8x2 = 2.6580.103
Operative duration (min)130.45 ± 41.15128.83 ± 29.94t = 0.2300.819
Length of incision (cm)14.53 ± 1.3014.58 ± 1.41t = -0.2270.821
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)308.37 ± 50.49306.18 ± 41.53t = 0.2490.804
Education level (cases, junior high school and below/high school/college and above)30/5/385/40/50Z = -3.4520.001
K-SES (points)141.24 ± 14.84160.90 ± 13.80t = -7.854<0.001
SSRS (points)52.32 ± 6.9559.57 ± 6.40t = -6.238<0.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/FON-2026-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368
Language: English
Page range: 25 - 31
Submitted on: Jan 9, 2025
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Accepted on: Dec 25, 2025
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Published on: Mar 24, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Xiao-Lin Zuo, Jing-Wei Zhang, Jing Li, Yan Wen, Shi-Xin Zhao, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.