Translation and psychometric validation of the Vietnamese versions of the Drinker Inventory of Consequences and Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale

Variable	Pilot study (n = 30)	Main study (n = 104)
Age (years), Mean (SD)	39.23 ± 2.57	39.53 ± 2.85
Marital status, n (%)
Single	1 (3.30)	15 (14.40)
Married	29 (96.70)	89 (85.60)
Education level, n (%)
Primary school	12 (40.00)	21 (20.20)
Secondary school	15 (50.00)	54 (51.90)
High school or higher	3 (10.00)	29 (27.90)
Occupation, n (%)
Officer and own businessman	2 (6.70)	4 (3.90)
Worker	5 (16.70)	19 (18.30)
Laborer	2 (6.70)	17 (16.30)
Farmer	21 (70.00)	64 (61.50)
Monthly Income (USD), Median (IQR)	116.69 (133.37)	155.58 (116.69)
Low (≤116.68), n (%)	11 (36.70)	21 (20.20)
Middle (116.69-155.58), n (%)	9 (30.00)	37 (35.57)
High (≥155.59), n (%)	10 (33.30)	46 (44.23)
Age of first drink (years), Mean (SD)	19.20 ± 2.11	19.45 ± 2.63
Early (≤17), n (%)	3 (10.00)	17 (16.30)
Typical (18-20), n (%)	23 (76.70)	65 (62.50)
Late (≥21), n (%)	4 (13.30)	22 (21.20)
Family history of alcohol use, n (%)
Yes	20 (66.70)	48 (46.20)
No	10 (33.30)	56 (53.80)

1 Note: Income groups based on sample-specific tertiles of monthly income (USD); IQR, Interquartile Range.

Table 2.

Alcohol-related problems and protective behavioral strategies (main study) (n = 104).

Variable	Mean ± SD
Alcohol-related problems (DrInC, Mean [SD])	25.17 ± 7.83
Physical	5.69 ± 2.03
Interpersonal	5.45 ± 2.33
Intrapersonal	5.41 ± 2.42
Impulse control	4.85 ± 2.72
Social responsibility	3.77 ± 1.20
Protective behavioral strategies (PBSS, Mean [SD])	78.43 ± 14.15
MOD	21.71 ± 6.06
SLD	20.63 ± 5.52
SHR	36.10 ± 6.77

1 Note: DrInC, Drinker Inventory of Consequences; MOD, manner of drinking; PBSS, Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale; SHR, serious harm reduction; SLD, stopping/limiting drinking.

Table 3.

Expert evaluation of language equivalence (n = 5).

Instrument	Total items	Language comparability (mean, range)	Interpretability Similarity (Mean, Range)
DrInC	50	1.50 (1.00-2.00)	1.34 (1.00-2.00)
PBSS-20	20	1.43 (1.00-2.00)	1.27 (1.00-2.00)

1 Note: Scores based on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = highly comparable, 7 = not comparable). Scores ≤2 indicate acceptable equivalence; DrInC, Drinker Inventory of Consequences; PBSS, Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale.

Table 4.

Psychometric properties of the Vietnamese DrInC and PBSS-20.

Instrument	I-CVI range	S-CVI	ICC type	ICC (95% CI)	ICC interpretation	Cronbach’s alpha	Internal consistency	Corrected item-total correlation (range)	Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted	Split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown)
DrInC	0.80-1.00	0.97	Single measures	0.95* (0.89, 0.98)	Excellent	0.75	Acceptable	-0.08 to 0.58	0.74 to 0.76	0.67
			Average measures	0.97* (0.94, 0.99)	Excellent
PBSS-20	0.80-1.00	0.95	Single measures	0.75* (0.53, 0.88)	Good	0.79	Acceptable	-0.12 to 0.60	0.76 to 0.81	0.67
			Average measures	0.86* (0.70, 0.93)	Good

1 Note: DrInC, Drinker Inventory of Consequences; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficients; I-CVI, Item-level content validity index; and PBSS, Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale; S-CVI, scale-level content validity index; *P < 0.001.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/FON-2025-0025 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368

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Language: English

Page range: 213 - 223

Submitted on: Aug 26, 2025

Accepted on: Sep 16, 2025

Published on: Jul 3, 2026

Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

alcohol drinking,

cultural adaptation,

Drinker Inventory of Consequences,

protective behavioral strategies,

psychometrics

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Assistive professions, nursing

© 2026 Trieu Van Nhat, Sudaporn Stithyudhakarn, Penpaktr Uthis, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 13 (2026): Issue 2 (June 2026)