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Abbreviated ethogram for Giant pandas (adapted from Swaisgood, 2004)_
| Behaviour | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active behaviours | |
| Locomotion | Directional travel at any speed. Stereotypic patterns are excluded from this category, only includes short bouts of travel with an intended goal or long bouts of travel with no evidence of a stereotypic or repetitive pattern. |
| Climbing | Vertical ascent/descent along structure (e.g. tree/rock). Only active climbing is recorded in this category; for example resting in tree is not included. |
| Play | Playful running, gymnastics, interacting with objects (paw or mouth manipulation of objects – includes enrichment items), investigating objects and hanging in trees (not resting). Includes playing in water (for example splashing). |
| Stereotypic behaviours | |
| Stereotypic pacing | Travels along a route which follows a stereotypic/predictable pattern. Must travel same route at least 3 times in a row or more. Includes pacing patterns that are interrupted with other stereotypic behaviours at regular intervals; for example pausing to look up at the same point in travel route. |
| Quasi-stereotypic pacing | Stereotypic behaviour which is predictable but includes variation in routes; for example, alternating between a limited number of paths. Includes pacing patterns that are interrupted with other stereotypic behaviours at regular intervals; for example pausing to look up at the same point in travel route. |
| Stereotypic | Extension of tongue onto upper or lower lips, which may be held stationary, or moved horizontally in either direction across the chosen lip. |
| somersaults | Performs somersaults repeatedly in a stereotypic and predictable pattern. Must perform at least three somersaults within a ten-minute period to be considered stereotypic. |
| Other behaviours | |
| Stereotypic pacing | Travels along a route which follows a stereotypic/predictable pattern. Must travel same route at least 3 times in a row or more. Includes pacing patterns that are interrupted with other stereotypic behaviours at regular intervals; for example pausing to look up at the same point in travel route. |
| Quasi-stereotypic pacing | Stereotypic behaviour which is predictable but includes variation in routes; for example, alternating between a limited number of paths. Includes pacing patterns that are interrupted with other stereotypic behaviours at regular intervals; for example pausing to look up at the same point in travel route. |
| Stereotypic | Relocation of seating position marked by the brief rising to fall into a new position on the seat. Rising can occur either through the use of one or two hands pushing down against the armrests, or brief and partial propulsion by the legs. |
| somersaults | Performs somersaults repeatedly in a stereotypic and predictable pattern. Must perform at least three somersaults within a ten-minute period to be considered stereotypic. |
| Stretch arms | Removal of one or both arms from the steering wheels and full extension of one or both elbow joints, resulting in a stretch of the respective arms muscles. |
| Other behaviours | |
| Resting | Lying or sitting down, either awake or asleep |
| Feeding | Behaviours related to feeding: eating food provided by keepers or foraging for plants growing in enclosure. Includes food search activity; moving around enclosure, sniffing ground or air. |
| Maintenance | Grooming or cleaning behaviours such as licking or biting fur. |
| Defecation | Passing of faeces |
| Startle | Sudden, intense movement such as whole body jerk, indicative of surprise or fear. Any form of attempted distancing from an outside stimulus (e.g. rapid retreat, cringe, hide). Alert, remaining attentive and looking around or sniffing the air. |
| Reactionary | Attending to an external stimulus; includes any behaviour directed to a door (watching door, waiting at door, banging on door with paws). Staring at visitors, keepers and staff. Follows the movement of visitors with gaze. |
| Drinking | Consumes water |
| Out of sight | Giant panda is hidden from observer’s sight |
Activity budgets: Total percentage of scans spent engaged in different behavioural categories for Funi and Wang Wang (total, before enclosure rotation, and after enclosure rotation)_
| Funi (overall) | Wang Wang (overall) | Funi (before rotation) | Funi (after rotation) | Wang Wang (before rotation) | Wang Wang (after rotation) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active (total) | 16 | 18 | 11 | 21 | 16 | 19 |
| Locomotion | 12 | 15 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 15 |
| Climbing | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | < 1 | 2 |
| Play | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 | 0 | < 1 | < 1 |
| Stereotypic pacing (total) | 8 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 7 |
| Stereotypic pacing | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Quasi-stereotypic pacing | 5 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| Other behaviours | ||||||
| Resting | 47 | 34 | 47 | 46 | 33 | 34 |
| Feeding | 20 | 32 | 21 | 18 | 33 | 31 |
| Maintenance | < 1 | 1 | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 | 2 |
| Defecation | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 | < 1 |
| Startle | 2 | < 1 | < 1 | 4 | < 1 | < 1 |
| Reactionary | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 5 |
| Drinking | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Out of sight | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |