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Orientation and mobility instruction and its association with performance of mobility activities for elementary age children Cover

Orientation and mobility instruction and its association with performance of mobility activities for elementary age children

Vision Rehabilitation International
Volume 11 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By: Dawn L. Anderson and  Robert Wall Emerson  
Open Access
|Jan 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Orientation and Mobility instruction and its association with performance of mobility activities for elementary age children
Orientation and Mobility instruction and its association with performance of mobility activities for elementary age children

Figure 2

Students change in performance for O&M activities
Students change in performance for O&M activities

Demographics of Students with Visual Impairments Who Received O&M (N = 850)

CharacteristicNWave 1 % ParticipatedCINWave 2 % ParticipatedCINWave 3 % ParticipatedCI
Vision
  Blind*29065.2.67-.7214623.9.12-.38*21159.7.52-.66
  Vis. Impaired*72346.2.42-.50*14617.5.12-.25*71637.6.34-.41
Age
  7-9 (8-10) 11-1226742.33.7-5.04820.8.10-.3623739.2.32-.45
  10-12(11-13) 13-1436646.7.46-.407719.5.09-.2828839.6.33-.44
  13-14(14-16) 15-1710550.5.40-.612913.8.01-.3122836.4.30-.43
Grade
  Ungraded5860.3.47-.731020.0-.14--.647035.7.21-.44
  1-3(1-4) 1-517042.4.35-.503716.2.04-.309941.4.33-.53
  4-5 (5-6) 6-826746.1.40-.526025.0.13-.3637439.8.34-.44
  6&up 7&up 9-1220844.2.37-.514015.0.02-. 2421035.7.29-.43
Gender
  Male44743.4.38-.488621.1.12-.3146736.4.31-.40
  Female29149.1.43-.556814.7.07-.2628642.0.36-.47
Ethnicity
  White*46848.1.43-.5310319.4.11-.2748338.9.34-.43
  African American*12640.5.33-.513030.0.13-.4912236.1.28-.45
  Hispanic*11348.7.38-.57140-11242.0.32-.51
  Other*3020.0.52-.3860-3528.6.14-.47
Income
  25,000 and under25342.7.37-.496420.3.12-.3423636.4.30-.42
  25,001-50,00021348.8.42-.563417.6.05-.3419338.3.31-.45
  Over 50,00023244.8.39-.525518.2.05-.2730839.6,34-.45
Urbanicity
  Rural*3339.4.22-.57922.2-.17-.73*8140.7.30-.52
  Suburban*30940.1.35-.465915.3.06-.26*32730.3.25-.35
  Urban*26751.5.45-.5615117.9.12-.31*34045.6.39-.50
# of Disabilities
  0----- 650.0.07-1.07
  124844.0.37-.504524.4.11-.3834540.6.35-.45
  217549.1.42-.582814.3.00-.2817430.5.22-36
  310745.8.35-.55229.1-.04-.2211340.7.31-.50
  48339.8.27-.502420.8.03-.386844.1.31-.56
  5681.5.42-.671414.3-.07-.352437.5.18-.61
  63342.4.22-.60922.2-.12-.561526.7.01-.52
  71631.3.01-.5220-475.0.05-1.55
  8475.0.46-1.5510-333.31.10-1.77
  9250.05.85-6.8510-1100-
  102100-------

Percentage of Student Activity Performance Associated with Time of O&M Instruction

BothWave 1Wave 3None
w1 - w3w1 - w3w1 - w3w1 -w3
Travel Using Sighted Guide: Familiar Locations
Not Very Well1.2 - 8.47.1 - 8.40 - 04.5 - 0
Pretty Well19.8 - 14.535.7 - 16.70 - 15.822.7 - 22.6
Very Well79 - 77.157.1 - 75.0100 - 84.272.7 - 77.4
n81 8328 127 1922 21
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 8.92 p = .178Wave 3, X2 (6) = 5.24, p = .514
Travel Indoors: Rotely Learned Routes
Not Very Well5.1 - 4.69.4 - 4.00-6.73.8-1.4
Pretty Well28.3 - 30.618.8-16.07.7-6.717-11.3
Very Well66.7 - 64.871.9-80.092.3 - 86.779.2 - 87.3
n99 10832 2513 3053 71
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 7.18 p = .304Wave 3, X2 (6) = 16.91 p = .010*
Travel to Other Areas: Other Learned Routes
Not Very Well13.4 - 12.420.0 - 7.70 - 6.97.8 - 4.4
Pretty Well32.0 - 34.013.3 - 19.228.6 - 20.715.7 - 14.7
Very Well54.6 - 53.666.7 - 73.171.4-72.476.5 - 80.9
n97 9730 2614 2951 68
Wave 1, X2(6) = 12.36, p = .054Wave 3, X2 (6) = 14.64 p = .023*
Create New Routes: Familiar Places Indoors
Not Very Well27.3 - 28.715.6 - 12.06.3 - 13.318.5 - 9.5
Pretty Well38.6 - 33.040.6 - 32.025.0 - 6.716.7 - 20.3
Very Well34.1 - 38.343.8 - 56.068.8 - 80.064.8 - 70.3
n88 9432 2516 3054 74
Wave 1, X2(6) = 18.51, p = 005*Wave 3, X2 (6) = 28.12 p = .000*
Execute Route within Building with Verbal Directions
Not Very Well36.0 - 32.223.1 - 12.56.7 - 11.127.5 - 17.8
Pretty Well25.6 - 33.334.6 - 50.040.0 - 25.917.6 - 19.2
Very Well38.4 - 34.442.3 - 37.553.3 - 63.054.9 - 63.0
n86 9026 2415 2751 73
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 9.87 9.87, p = .130Wave 3, X2 (6) = 22.43 p = .001*
Execute Route in another Building with Directions
Not Very Well30.8 - 41.642.9 - 21.714.3 - 11.12.2010 28.6 - 44.416.0 - 21.7
Pretty Well28.2 - 35.114.3 - 52.2 16.0 - 17.4
Very Well41.0 - 23.442.9 - 26.157.1 - 44.468.0 - 60.9
n39 7714 237 2725 69
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 7.05, p = .316Wave 3, X2 (6) = 32.24 p = .000*
Locate Unfamiliar Place by Numbering System
Not Very Well58.5 - 47.847.1 - 30.022.2 - 21.751.6 - 22.6
Pretty Well30.2 - 32.823.5 - 40.033.3 - 47.816.1 - 15.1
Very Well11.3 - 19.429.4 - 30.044.4 - 30.432.3 - 62.3
n53 6717 209 2331 53
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 10.30, p = .113Wave 3, X2 (6) = 29.69 p = .000*
Orient Self to Unfamiliar Room
Not Very Well31.9 - 30.544.1 - 8.06.7 - 3.38.1 - 10.5
Pretty Well36.2 - 43.217.6 - 60.033.3 - 33.333.9 - 20.9
Very Well31.9 - 26.338.2 - 3260 - 63.358.1 - 68.6
n94 9534 2515 3062 86
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 25.89, p = .000*Wave 3, X2 (6) = 47.51 p = .000*
Solicit Help to Orient Self to Building
Not Very Well39.6 - 36.433.3 - 18.216.7 - 20.818.0 - 19.4
Pretty Well25.3 - 33.033.3 - 40.950.0 - 16.732.0 - 20.8
Very Well35.2 - 30.733.3 - 40.933.3 - 62.550.0 - 59.7
n91 8830 2212 2450 72
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 10.40, p = .109Wave 3, X2 (6) = 19.00 p = .004*
Solicit Help to Orient Self to Campus or Workplace
Not Very Well66.7 - 42.945.5 - 16.720.0 - 16.731.3 - 18.4
Pretty Well14.3 - 21.436.4 - 33.30 - 16.76.3 - 16.3
Very Well19.0 - 35.718.2 - 50.080.0 - 66.762.5 - 65.3
n21 5611 125 1816 49
Wave 1, X2 (6) = 16.26, p = .012*Wave 3, X2 (6) = 14.22 p = .027*

Demographic Variables Associated with Receipt of O&M

X2(dF, N)P
Wave 1BlindnessX2(1, N=290) = 73.276p = .000
Visual ImpairmentX2(1, N=723) = 4.64p = .037
UrbanicityX2(2, N=609) = 9.334p = .009
EthnicityX2(3, N=737) = 10.837p = .013
Wave 2Visual ImpairmentX2(1, N=146) = 4.716p. = .030
Wave 3BlindnessX2(1, N=211) = 55.653p = .000
Visual ImpairmentX2(1, N=716) = 5.469p = .016
UrbanicityX2(2, N=748) = 16.745p = .000

Variance in Student Performance Ratings in Mobility Activities: Wave 1 to Wave 3 (no O&M = 125; O&M = 238)

SkillO&M-2%-1%0%1%2%missing
1no 10.821.6 122
yes 31.264117.2383.36 186
2no 21.61814.421.610.8102
yes 104.205523.11156.30 158
3no 32.4151210.810.8105
yes10.42156.304518.91166.72 162
4no21.643.2118.843.2 104
yes20.8493.784117.23187.5631.26165
5no 43.2129.65410.8103
yes31.2683.364418.49156.30 168
6no 32.443.232.4 115
yes10.4283.36125.0441.6820.84211
7no10.821.632.421.610.8114
yes41.6820.84229.24104.2031.26197
8no43.2541612.886.410.891
yes20.84218.823113.03197.9831.26162
9no10.843.2118.85410.898
yes62.52104.20218.82156.3052.10181
10no 10.810.810.810.8121
yes41.68 83.3620.8420.84222
totalsno8529179355311874
yes23486153205612221183
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/vri-2020-006 | Journal eISSN: 2652-3647
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 48 - 60
Submitted on: Nov 10, 2020
|
Published on: Jan 1, 2020
Published by: Guide Dogs NSW/ACT
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Orientation and Mobility,
blind,
efficacy,
SEELS,
O&M,
O&M skills,
O&M outcomes,
children
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Physical and rehabilitation medicine

© 2020 Dawn L. Anderson, Robert Wall Emerson, published by Guide Dogs NSW/ACT
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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