Coker KL, Smith PH, Westphal A, ZonanaH V.,McKee SA. Crime and psychiatric disorders among youth in the US population: an analysis of the national comorbidity survey–adolescent supplement. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53(8):888–98.
Bjorkenstam E, Bjorkenstam C, Vinnerljung B, Hallqvist J, LjungR.Juvenile delinquency, social background and suicide – a Swedish national cohort study of 992 881 young adults. Int J Epidemiol. 2011; 40(6):1585–92.
Elonheimo H. Evidence for the crime drop: survey findings from two Finnish cities between 1992 and 2013. J Scand Stud Criminol Crime Prev 2014; 15(2):209–17.
Moffitt TE. The New Look of behavioral genetics in developmental psychopathology: gene-environment interplay in antisocial behaviors. Psychol Bull 2005; 131(4):533–54.
Sailas ES, Feodoroff B, Virkkunen M, Wahlbeck K. Mental disorders in prison populations aged 15-21: national register study of two cohorts in Finland. BMJ 2005; 330(7504):1364–5.
Robertson AA, Dill PL, Husain J, Undesser C. Prevalence of mental illness and substance abuse disorders among incarcerated juvenile offenders in Mississippi. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2004; 35(1):55–74.
Mann EA, Reynolds AJ. Early Intervention and juvenile delinquency prevention: evidence from the Chicago longitudinal study. Soc Work Res 2006; 30(3):153–67.
Mersky JP, Topitzes J, Reynolds AJ. Unsafe at any age: linking childhood and adolescent maltreatment to delinquency and crime. J Res Crime Delinq 2012; 49(2):295–318.
Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring social class in us public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 1997; 18(1):341–78.
Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G. Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 2).J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(2):95–101.
Sourander A, Elonheimo H, Niemelä S, NuutilaA-M,Helenius H, Sillanmäki L, et al. Childhood predictors of male criminality: a prospective population-based follow-up study from age 8 to late adolescence.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45(5):578–86.
Isir AB, Tokdemir M, Küçüker H, Dulger HE. Role of family factors in adolescent delinquency in an Elazig/Turkey reformatory. J Forensic Sci 2007; 52(1):125–7.
Goodnight JA, D’Onofrio BM, Cherlin AJ, Emery RE, Van Hulle CA, Lahey BB. Effects of Multiple maternal relationship transitions on offspring antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence: a cousin-comparison analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2013; 41(2):185–98.
Elonheimo H, Sourander A, NiemeläS, Helenius H. Generic and crime type specific correlates of youth crime: a Finnish population-based study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011; 46(9):903–14.
Hay C, Fortson EN, Hollist DR, Altheimer I, Schaible LM. Compounded risk: the implications for delinquency of coming from a poor family that lives in a poor community. J Youth Adolesc 2007; 36(5):593–605.
Torikka A, Kaltiala-Heino R, Luukkaala T, RimpeläA.Trends in alcohol use among adolescents from 2000 to 2011: the role of socioeconomic status and depression.Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52(1):95–103.
Torikka A, Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpelä A,Marttunen M, Luukkaala T, RimpeläM.Self-reported depression is increasing among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents – repeated cross-sectional surveys from Finland from 2000 to 2011. BMC Public Health 2014; 14(1):408.
Ahlborg M, Svedberg P, Nyholm M, Morgan A, Nygren JM. Socioeconomic inequalities in health among Swedish adolescents – adding the subjective perspective.BMC Public Health2017;17(1):838.
Knaappila N, Marttunen M, Fröjd S, Lindberg N, Kaltiala-Heino R. Socioeconomic trends in school bullying among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015. Child Abuse Negl 2018; 86:100–8.
Aizer A, Doyle J, Jr. Juvenile incarceration, human capital and future crime: evidence from randomly-assigned judges.National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. 19102, Issued in June2013Available from:http://www.nber.org/papers/w19102
Welty LJ, Hershfield JA, Abram KM, Han H, Byck GR, Teplin LA 1.Trajectories of substance use disorder in youth after detention: a 12-year longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56(2):140–8.
Fazel S, Doll H, LångströmN.Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 25 surveys.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2008;47(9):1010–9.
HinkkanenV.Rikollisuuden kustannukset. Rikollisuustilanne 2012. Rikollisuus ja seuraamusjärjestelmä tilastojen valossa. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimuksia [The cost of crime. Crime situation and crime system in the light of statistics. Research by the Institute for Legal Studies, Finland]2013;264:421–30.
Junger-Tas J, TerlouwG-J,Klein MW. Delinquent behavior among young people in the western world: first results of the international self-report delinquency study.Kugler;1994.
Savioja H, Helminen M, Fröjd S, Marttunen M, Kaltiala-HeinoR.Delinquency and sexual experiences across adolescence: does depression play a role?Eur J Contracept Reprod Heal Care2017;22(4):298–304.
Morgan PL, Li H, Cook M, Farkas G, Hillemeier MM, LinY.Which kindergarten children are at greatest risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity and conduct disorder symptomatology as adolescents?Sch Psychol Q2016;31(1):58–75.
Collishaw S, Goodman R, Pickles A, MaughanB.Modelling the contribution of changes in family life to time trends in adolescent conduct problems.Soc Sci Med2007;65(12):2576–87.
Harris-Mckoy DE. Examining parental control, parent-adolescent relationship, delinquency, and criminal behavior.2013[Dissertation]. Available from:http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:183746/datastream/PDF/view
Kim Y, HagquistC.Trends in adolescent mental health during economic upturns and downturns: a multilevel analysis of Swedish data 1988-2008.J Epidemiol Community Health2018;72(2):101–8.
Marmot M, Wilkinson RG. Social organization, stress, and health. In:Marmot M, WilkinsonRGSocial determinants of health.Oxford University Press;2005, pp.6–30.
Grucza RA, Krueger RF, Agrawal A, Plunk AD, Krauss MJ, Bongu J, et al.Declines in prevalence of adolescent substance use disorders and delinquent behaviors in the USA: a unitary trend?Psychol Med2018;48(09):1494–503.
Hartinger-Saunders RM, Rine CM, Wieczorek W, NochajskiT.Family level predictors of victimization and offending among young men: rethinking the role of parents in prevention and interventions models.Child Youth Serv Rev2012;34(12):2423–32.
KaufmanT ML, Kretschmer T, Huitsing G, VeenstraR.Why does a universal anti-bullying program not help all children? Explaining persistent victimization during an intervention.Prev Sci2018;19(6):822–32.
Moss HB, Lynch KG, Hardie TL. Affiliation with deviant peers among children of substance dependent fathers from pre-adolescence into adolescence: associations with problem behaviors.Drug Alcohol Depend2003;71(2):117–25.
Matthiessen J, Stockmarr A, Biltoft-Jensen A, Fagt S, Zhang H, Groth MV. Trends in overweight and obesity in Danish children and adolescents: 2000-2008 – exploring changes according to parental education.Scand J Public Health2014;42(4):385–92.
Doku D, Koivusilta L, Rainio S, RimpeläA.Socioeconomic differences in smoking among Finnish adolescents from 1977 to 2007.J Adolesc Health2010;47(5):479–87.
Rotko T, Aho T, Mustonen N, LinnanmäkiE.Bridging the Gap? Review into actions to reduce health inequalities in Finland 2007–2010.Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL);2011;116p. Available from:http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/80012
Karvonen S, Tokola K, RimpeläA.Well-being and academic achievement: differences between schools from 2002 to 2010 in the Helsinki metropolitan area.J Sch Health2018;88(11):821–9.