References
- Alsonosi A, Hariri S, Kajsík M, Oriešková M, Hanulík V, Röderová M, Petrželová J, Kollárová H, Drahovská H, Forsythe S, et al. The speciation and genotyping of Cronobacter isolates from hospitalised patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(10):1979–1988. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2440-8 Medline
- Alsonosi AM, Holy O, Forsythe SJ. Characterization of the pathogenicity of clinical Cronobacter malonaticus strains based on the tissue culture investigations. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1178-6 Medline
- Arlet G, Brami G, Décrè D, Flippo A, Gaillot O, Lagrange PH, Philippon A. Molecular characterisation by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of TEM beta-lactamases. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995;134(2–3):203–208. Medline
- Asato VC, Vilches VE, Pineda MG, Casanueva E, Cane A, Moroni MP, Brengi SP, Pichel MG. First clinical isolates of Cronobacter spp. (Enterobacter sakazakii) in Argentina: characterization and subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2013;45(3):160–164. doi:10.1016/S0325-7541(13)70018-X Medline
- Baldwin A, Loughlin M, Caubilla-Barron J, Kucerova E, Manning G, Dowson C, Forsythe S. Multilocus sequence typing of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus reveals stable clonal structures with clinical significance which do not correlate with biotypes. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9(1):223. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-223 Medline
- Barbuddhe SB, Maier T, Schwarz G, Kostrzewa M, Hof H, Domann E, Chakraborty T, Hain T. Rapid identification and typing of Listeria species by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008;74(17):5402–5407. doi:10.1128/AEM.02689-07 Medline
- Bar-Oz B, Preminger A, Peleg O, Block C, Arad I. Enterobacter sakazakii infection in the newborn. Acta Paediatr. 2001; 90(3): 356–358. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00319.x Medline
- Biering G, Karlsson S, Clark NC, Jónsdóttir KE, Lúdvígsson P, Steingrímsson O. Three cases of neonatal meningitis caused by Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk. J Clin Microbiol. 1989; 27(9):2054–2056. Medline
- Block C, Peleg O, Minster N, Bar-Oz B, Simhon A, Arad I, Shapiro M. Cluster of neonatal infections in Jerusalem due to unusual biochemical variant of Enterobacter sakazakii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002;21(8):613–616. doi:10.1007/s10096-002-0774-5 Medline
- Bowen AB, Braden CR. Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(8):1185–1189. doi:10.3201/eid1208.051509 Medline
- Brandão MLL, Umeda NS, Jackson E, Forsythe SJ, de Filippis I. Isolation, molecular and phenotypic characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Cronobacter spp. from Brazilian retail foods. Food Microbiol. 2017;63:129–138. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.011 Medline
- Caubilla-Barron J, Hurrell E, Townsend S, Cheetham P, Loc-Carrillo C, Fayet O, Prère MF, Forsythe SJ. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of Enterobacter sakazakii strains from an outbreak resulting in fatalities in a neonatal intensive care unit in France. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(12):3979–3985. doi:10.1128/JCM.01075-07 Medline
- Chanawong A, M’Zali FH, Heritage J, Lulitanond A, Hawkey PM. Characterisation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of the SHV family using a combination of PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000;184(1): 85–89. Medline
- Cui JH, Du XL, Wei RJ, Zhou HJ, Li W, Forsythe S, Cui ZG. Multilocus sequence typing analysis of Cronobacter spp. isolated from China. Arch Microbiol. 2015;197(5):665–672. doi:10.1007/s00203-015-1097-0 Medline
- Davies AP, Reid M, Hadfield SJ, Johnston S, Mikhail J, Harris LG, Jenkinson HF, Berry N, Lewis AM, El-Bouri K, et al. Identification of clinical isolates of α-hemolytic streptococci by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry using MALDI Biotyper, and conventional phenotypic methods: a comparison. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(12): 4087–4090. doi:10.1128/JCM.02387-12 Medline
- Dennison SK, Morris J. Multiresistant Enterobacter sakazakii wound infection in an adult. Infect Med. 2002;19(11):533–535.
- EUCAST. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 8.0. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 2018.
- Farmer JJ 3rd, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ. The Enterobacteriacae Study Group. Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of “Enterobacteriaceae” isolated from clinical specimens. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1980;30(3):569–584. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-3-569
- Forsythe SJ. Updates on the Cronobacter Genus. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2018;9(1):23–44. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012246 Medline
- Friedemann M. Epidemiology of invasive neonatal Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii) infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28(11):1297–1304. doi:10.1007/s10096-009-0779-4 Medline
- Hariri S, Joseph S, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter sakazakii ST4 strains and neonatal meningitis, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19(1):175–177. doi:10.3201/eid1901.120649 Medline
- Healy B, Cooney S, O’Brien S, Iversen C, Whyte P, Nally J, Callanan JJ, Fanning S. Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii): an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010;7(4): 339–350. doi:10.1089/fpd.2009.0379 Medline
- Hochel I, Růžičková H, Krásný L, Demnerová K. Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in retail foods. J Appl Microbiol. 2012;112(6): 1257–1265. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05292.x Medline
- Holý O, Forsythe S. Cronobacter spp. as emerging causes of healthcare-associated infection. J Hosp Infect. 2014;86(3):169–177. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2013.09.011 Medline
- Holý O, Matousková I, Holý V, Koukalová D, Chmelar D. Isolation of Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) from nostrils of healthy stable horse – short communication. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2011;60(4):167–169. Medline
- Holý O, Matoušková I, Raida L. [The incidence of gram-negative bacteria in the environment of the Transplant Unit, Department of Hemato-oncology, University Hospital - Olomouc]. (in Czech). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2012;61(4):103–109. Medline
- Holý O, Petrželová J, Hanulík V, Chromá M, Matoušková I, Forsythe SJ. Epidemiology of Cronobacter spp. isolates from patients admitted to the Olomouc University Hospital (Czech Republic). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2014;63(1):69–72. Medline
- Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol. 2007;7(1):64. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-64 Medline
- Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008;58(6):1442–1447. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0 Medline
- Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012;62 (Pt 6):1277–1283. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0 Medline
- Joseph S, Forsythe SJ. Predominance of Cronobacter sakazakii sequence type 4 in neonatal infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(9):1713–1715. doi:10.3201/eid1709.110260 Medline
- Kadlicekova V, Kajsik M, Soltys K, Szemes T, Slobodnikova L, Janosikova L, Hubenakova Z, Ogrodzki P, Forsythe S, Turna J, et al. Characterisation of Cronobacter strains isolated from hospitalised adult patients. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018;111(7):1073–1085. doi:10.1007/s10482-017-1008-2 Medline
- Kucerova E, Clifton SW, Xia XQ, Long F, Porwollik S, Fulton L, Fronick C, Minx P, Kyung K, Warren W, et al. Genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other Cronobacter species. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9556. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009556 Medline
- Kuhns M, Zautner AE, Rabsch W, Zimmermann O, Weig M, Bader O, Groß U. Rapid discrimination of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from other serovars by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e40004. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040004 Medline
- Lai KK. Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature. Medicine. 2001;80(2):113–122. doi:10.1097/00005792-200103000-00004 Medline
- Matoušková I, Holý O. [Bacterial contamination of the indoor air in a transplant unit]. (in Czech). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2013;62(4):153–159. Medline
- Matoušková I, Holy O. Monitoring of the environment at the transplant unit-hemato-oncology clinic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(9):9480–9490. doi:10.3390/ijerph110909480 Medline
- Matoušková I, Raida L, Holý O. [The incidence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in the environment of the transplant unit, department of hemato-oncology, university hospital Olomouc]. (in Czech). Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2012;61(4):110–115. Medline
- Mellmann A, Cloud J, Maier T, Keckevoet U, Ramminger I, Iwen P, Dunn J, Hall G, Wilson D, LaSala P, et al. Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in comparison to 16S rRNA gene sequencing for species identification of nonfermenting bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(6):1946–1954. doi:10.1128/JCM.00157-08 Medline
- Muytjens HL, van der Ros-van de Repe J. Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of eight Enterobacter species, with special reference to Enterobacter sakazakii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;29(2): 367–370. doi:10.1128/AAC.29.2.367 Medline
- Muytjens HL, Zanen HC, Sonderkamp HJ, Kollée LA, Wachsmuth IK, Farmer JJ 3rd. Analysis of eight cases of neonatal meningitis and sepsis due to Enterobacter sakazakii. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18(1):115–120. Medline
- Pagani L, Dell’Amico E, Migliavacca R, D’Andrea MM, Giacobone E, Amicosante G, Romero E, Rossolini GM. Multiple CTXM-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a hospital in northern Italy. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41(9):4264–4269. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.9.4264-4269.2003 Medline
- Pan Z, Cui J, Lyu G, Du X, Qin L, Guo Y, Xu B, Li W, Cui Z, Zhao C. Isolation and molecular typing of Cronobacter spp. in commercial powdered infant formula and follow-up formula. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2014;11(6):456–461. doi:10.1089/fpd.2013.1691 Medline
- Pitout JD, Moland ES, Sanders CC, Thomson KS, Fitzsimmons SR. Beta-lactamases and detection of beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacter spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(1): 35–39. doi:10.1128/AAC.41.1.35 Medline
- Sauer S, Freiwald A, Maier T, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Kostrzewa M, Geider K. Classification and identification of bacteria by mass spectrometry and computational analysis. PLoS One. 2008;3(7):e2843. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002843 Medline
- Schulthess B, Bloemberg GV, Zbinden A, Mouttet F, Zbinden R, Böttger EC, Hombach M. Evaluation of the Bruker MALDI Biotyper for identification of fastidious Gram-negative rods. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;54(3):543–548. doi:10.1128/JCM.03107-15 Medline
- See KC, Than HA, Tang T. Enterobacter sakazakii bacteraemia with multiple splenic abscesses in a 75-year-old woman: a case report. Age Ageing. 2007;36(5):595–596. doi:10.1093/ageing/afm092 Medline
- Shi C, Song K, Zhang X, Sun Y, Sui Y, Chen Y, Jia Z, Sun H, Sun Z, Xia X. Antimicrobial activity and possible mechanism of action of citral against Cronobacter sakazakii. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159006. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159006 Medline
- Stephan R, Grim CJ, Gopinath GR, Mammel MK, Sathyamoorthy V, Trach LH, Chase HR, Fanning S, Tall BD. Re-examination of the taxonomic status of Enterobacter helveticus, Enterobacter pulveris and Enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus Cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera Franconibacter gen. nov. and Siccibacter gen. nov. as Franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., Franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and Siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2014;64(Pt10):3402–3410. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.059832-0 Medline
- Stock I, Wiedemann B. Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter gergoviae and Enterobacter sakazakii strains. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8(9):564–578. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00413.x Medline
- Terragno R, Salve A, Pichel M, Epszteyn S, Brengi S, Binsztein N. Characterization and subtyping of Cronobacter spp. from imported powdered infant formulae in Argentina. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009;136(2):193–197. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.013 Medline
- Vojkovska H, Karpiskova R, Orieskova M, Drahovska H. Characterization of Cronobacter spp. isolated from food of plant origin and environmental samples collected from farms and from supermarkets in the Czech Republic. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016;217:130–136. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.017 Medline
- Willis J, Robinson J. Enterobacter sakazakii meningitis in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1988;7(3):196–199. doi:10.1097/00006454-198803000-00012 Medline