Table I
List of isolates originating from the different habitats identified as the Trichoderma species and analyzed for their cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity.
| Culture code | Origin | NCBI GenBank Assession No. | Cellulolytic activity (the plate method) | Xylanolytic activity (the plate method) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Localization | Source | ITS | tef1 | |||
| T. reesei | ||||||
| QM9414 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| T. viride (A) | ||||||
| AN109*, AN1761 AN141 AN142 AN179 AN 235 | Central Poland | Forest wood2 | HQ292923 | HQ293010 | 0.45/0.50 | 0.70/0.35 |
| HQ292922 | HQ293008 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 1.75 ± 0.27a | |||
| HQ292920 | HQ293009 | 2.50 ± 0.31a | 0.67 ± 0.15 | |||
| HQ292924 | HQ293011 | 0.56 ± 0.15 | 0.55 ± 0.18 | |||
| Forest soil | HQ292921 | HQ293013 | 0.45 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.12 | ||
| AN242 AN244, AN2491 AN250, AN2551 AN371 AN401 | Southern Poland | Forest wood | JX184121 | JX184098 | 0.55 ± 0.18 | 0.58 ± 0.15 |
| JX184122 | JX184099 | 0.46/1.40 | 0.75/1.42 | |||
| JX184121 | JX184098 | 1.03/0.78 | 0.77/0.81 | |||
| JX184124 | JX184100 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 0.92 ± 0.09 | |||
| JX184121 | JX184099 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 0.47 ± 0.21 | |||
| T. iridescent complex (B) | ||||||
| AN93 AN122 AN145 AN148 AN149 | Central Poland | Forest wood | HQ292927 | HQ292995 | 0.85 ± 0.21 | 0.73 ± 0.18 |
| HQ292928 | HQ292994 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 0.57 ± 0.19 | |||
| HQ292930 | HQ292996 | 0.85 ± 0.17 | 0.3 ± 0.33 | |||
| HQ292933 | HQ292999 | 0.79 ± 0.23 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | |||
| HQ292934 | HQ293000 | 0.67 ± 0.20 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | |||
| AN158* | Eastern Poland | Wheat kernels | JX184127 | JX184103 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | 0.76 ± 0.19 |
| AN227 AN229 AN231 | Central Poland | Forest wood | HQ292936 | HQ293001 | 0.67 ± 0.21 | 0.57 ± 0.13 |
| HQ292937 | HQ293002 | 0.83 ± 0.16 | 0.19 ± 0.08 | |||
| HQ292938 | HQ293003 | 0.50 ± 0.23 | 0.58 ± 0.13 | |||
| AN245 AN248 AN323, AN334, AN4051 | Southern Poland | Forest wood | JX184127 | JX184103 | 0.50 ± 0.10 | 0.56 ± 0.16 |
| JX184128 | JX184104 | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.23 | |||
| JX184127 | JX184103 | 0.78/0.85/0.10 | 0.58/0.58/0.55 | |||
| T. vixens (C) | ||||||
| AN68 AN69 AN70 AN73 AN74 AN75 AN160 AN185 | Eastern Poland | Garden compost | HQ292943 | – | 2.09 ± 0.27a | 1.10 ± 0.11 |
| HQ292944 | – | 1.60 ± 0.19 | 3.00 ± 0.27a | |||
| HQ292947 | – | 2.10 ± 0.22a | 1.10 ± 0.15 | |||
| HQ292945 | – | 2.75 ± 0.31a | 1.10 ± 0.18 | |||
| HQ292946 | – | 1.25 ± 0.12 | 1.40 ± 0.17 | |||
| HQ292948 | – | 1.53 ± 0.15 | 1.10 ± 0.13 | |||
| Grass root | HQ292945 | – | 0.83 ± 0.18 | 0.55 ± 0.18 | ||
| Central Poland | Mushroom compost3 | HQ292947 | – | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | |
| AN186*, AN187*, AN188* AN204*1 | Eastern Poland | HQ292946 | – | 0.8/2.6/2.0 | 1.00/2.25a/1.15 | |
| HQ292948 | – | 1.35 ± 0.21 | 1.45 ± 0.17 | |||
| AN267 – ITEM 1357 AN268 – ITEM 1591 AN269 – ITEM 1594 | Bari. Italy | – – – | – – – | 1.25 ± 0.17 2.50 ± 0.23a 1.6 ± 0.19 | 0.55 ± 0.20 2.70 ± 0.32a 1.10 ± 0.12 | |
| T. harzianum complex (D) | ||||||
| AN91 | Central Poland | graden Kompost | HQ292860 | – | 0.75 ± 0.15 | 1.15 ± 0.11 |
| AN94 | forest soil | HQ292873 | – | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 3.55 ± 0.27a | |
| AN101 AN108/AN110* | forest wood2 | HQ292868 | – | 1.60 ± 0.21 | 2.58 ± 0.23a | |
| HQ292869 | – | 2.80a/1.10 | 1.80a/1.40 | |||
| AN131* AN132 AN133 AN134 AN135 AN136 AN137 AN138 AN150 AN177* AN181 | Central Poland | forest wood2 | HQ292870 | – | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 0.60 ± 0.09 |
| HQ292867 | – | 0.78 ± 0.12 | 0.60 ± 0.07 | |||
| HQ292874 | – | 2.05 ± 0.26a | 1.70 ± 0.21a | |||
| HQ292875 | – | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | |||
| HQ292876 | – | 0.81 ± 0.13 | 1.65 ± 0.14 | |||
| HQ292901 | – | 2.40 ± 0.22a | 2.04 ± 0.18a | |||
| HQ292877 | – | 1.60 ± 0.13 | 1.03 ± 0.12 | |||
| HQ292861 | – | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 1.41 ± 0.16 | |||
| HQ292878 | – | 0.87 ± 0.08 | 1.67 ± 0.16a | |||
| HQ292883 | – | 1.25 ± 0.15 | 1.40 ± 0.11 | |||
| HQ292875 | – | 1.66 ± 0.12a | 2.25 ± 0.22a | |||
| AN203 AN205 AN207 AN211 | mushroom compost3 | HQ292879 | – | 1.66 ± 0.13a | 1.00 ± 0.18 | |
| HQ292880 | – | 1.36 ± 0.17 | 2.45 ± 0.25a | |||
| HQ292881 | – | 1.50 ± 0.13 | 1.00 ± 0.17 | |||
| HQ292882 | – | 1.10 ± 0.11 | 0.20 ± 0.11 | |||
| AN223 | Forest soil | HQ292902 | – | 1.25 ± 0.10 | 1.05 ± 0.20 | |
| AN258 AN260 | Forest wood | HQ292271 | – | 0.80 ± 0.08 | 1.41 ± 0.26 | |
| HQ292884 | 0.89 ± 0.11 | 1.20 ± 0.19 | ||||
| AN273 AN275 AN276 AN278 AN282 AN283 AN284 AN285 AN286 | HQ292886 | – | 1.37 ± 0.19 | 1.45 ± 0.15 | ||
| HQ292888 | – | 1.20 ± 0.12 | 1.40 ± 0.11 | |||
| HQ292889 | – | 0.80 ± 0.09 | 1.05 ± 0.07 | |||
| HQ292890 | – | 0.75 ± 0.10 | 1.25 ± 0.19 | |||
| HQ292891 | – | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 1.10 ± 0.12 | |||
| HQ292892 | – | 0.85 ± 0.15 | 1.27 ± 0.27 | |||
| HQ292893 | – | 1.15 ± 0.20 | 1.27 ± 0.22 | |||
| HQ292894 | 1.10 ± 0.18 | 1.28 ± 0.11 | ||||
| HQ292895 | – | 1.35 ± 0.29 | 1.30 ± 0.13 | |||
| AN349 AN360, AN367, AN373, AN3811 | Southern Poland | Forest wood | JX184111 | JX184089 | 1.05 ± 0.09 | 1.38 ± 0.24 |
| JX184113 | JX184090 | 2.20a/1.70a/0.70 1.46 | 1.27/1.40/1.75a 1.52 | |||
| AN220 – ITEM 1328 | Bari, Italy | – | – | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 1.60 ± 0.13 | |
| T. hamatum (E) | ||||||
| AN118 | Central Poland | Forest wood2 | HQ292854 | – | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 0.61 ± 0.19 |
| AN155 | Eastern Poland | Ryder Rhizosphäre | HQ292851 | – | 0.82 ± 0.18 | 0.51 ± 0.11 |
| AN175 AN225, AN238 | Central Poland | Forest wood | HQ292854 | – | 0.53 ± 0.12 | 0.28 ± 0.10 |
| Forest soil | HQ292856 | – | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.75 ± 0.11 | ||
| HQ292853 | 0.41 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.29 | ||||
| AN277, AN279, AN501*1 | Forest wood | HQ292853 | – | 0.50/0.18/0.41 | 2.3/0.72/0.61 | |
| AN521 | Northern Poland | HQ292856 | – | 1.05 ± 0.24 | 0.75 ± 0.15 | |
| T. atroviride (F) | ||||||
| AN19 AN35 AN90 AN95 AN96 AN111 | Central Poland | Forest soil | HQ292786 | HQ292963 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 1.04 ± 0.16 |
| Maize kernels | HQ292787 | HQ292953 | 0.35 ± 0.09 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | ||
| Garden soil | HQ292788 | HQ292954 | 0.49 ± 0.12 | 0.35 ± 0.12 | ||
| Garden compost | HQ292789 | HQ292955 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 1.30 ± 0.18 | ||
| HQ292790 | HQ292956 | 0.95 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | |||
| Forest wood | HQ292791 | HQ292964 | 0.37 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.21 | ||
| AN152 AN153 AN182 AN206 AN212 AN215 | Central Poland | Triticale kernel | HQ292792 | HQ292957 | 0.59 ± 0.19 | 1.85 ± 0.30a |
| HQ292793 | HQ292958 | 0.58 ± 0.10 | 0.57 ± 0.12 | |||
| Forest wood | HQ292794 | HQ292965 | 0.57 ± 0.12 | 0.45 ± 0.23 | ||
| Mushroom compost | HQ292804 | HQ292960 | 0.40 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.11 | ||
| HQ292795 | HQ292966 | 0.68 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.21 | |||
| HQ292796 | HQ292967 | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 1.19 ± 0.14 | |||
| AN224 AN240 | Southern Poland | Forest wood | HQ292799 | HQ292970 | 0.36 ± 0.09 | 0.58 ± 0.13 |
| JX184119 | JX184096 | 0.23 ± 0.19 | 0.57 ± 0.17 | |||
| AN287 | Central Poland | HQ292798 | HQ292969 | 0.41 ± 0.11 | 0.58 ± 0.12 | |
| T. longibrachiatum (G) | ||||||
| AN197 | Eastern Poland | Mushroom factory | HQ292780 | – | 0.77 ± 0.19 | 1.40 ± 022 |
| AN213 | Central Poland | Mushroom compost3 | HQ292781 | – | 0.50 ± 0.16 | 2.70 ± 0.31a |
| T. citrinoviride (H) | ||||||
| AN89 AN98 AN198 AN199 AN201 | Central Poland | Garden soil | HQ292841 | – | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 1.25 ± 0.27 |
| Forest wood | HQ292843 | – | 1.55 ± 0.13 | 1.07 ± 0.19 | ||
| Mushroom factory | HQ292845 | 0.57 ± 0.17 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | |||
| HQ292846 | – | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 2.07 ± 0.26a | |||
| HQ292849 | – | 1.10 ± 0.21 | 2.08 ± 0.29a | |||
| AN262, AN303, AN393, AN5001 | Southern Poland | Forest wood | JX184109 | – | 2.26a/0.85/1.75a 0.90 | 2.88a/0.61/0.63 0.80 |
| T. pseudokoningii (I) | ||||||
| AN219 – ITEM1416 | Bari. Italy | – | – | 1.42 ± 0.19 | 2.10 ± 0.22a | |
| T. koningii (J) | ||||||
| AN100 AN105 AN106 AN121 AN128 AN151 | Central Poland | Forest wood | HQ292903 | HQ292975 | 0.35 ± 0.17 | 0.40 ± 0.17 |
| HQ292905 | HQ292977 | 0.17 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | |||
| HQ292906 | HQ292978 | 1.16 ± 0.19 | 0.40 ± 0.16 | |||
| HQ292913 | HQ292985 | 0.58 ± 0.11 | 1.41 ± 0.27 | |||
| HQ292918 | HQ292989 | 0.31 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | |||
| HQ292919 | HQ292990 | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | |||
| T. koningiopsis (K) | ||||||
| AN222 – ITEM 2688 | Bari, Italy | – | – | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.30 ± 0.12 | |

Fig. 1.
Cellulolytic (part A) and xylanolytic activity (part B) of the studied fungal strains relative to the reference strain T. reesei QM9414 – the plate method analysis. The studied fungal strains belonged to the following species: A – T. viride, B – T. viridescens, C – T. virens, D – T. harzianum, E – T. hamatum, F – T. atroviride, G – T. longibrachiatum, H – T. citrinoviride, I – T. pseudokoningii, J –T. koningii.
* The value corresponding to difference in clearing zone diameter between analyzed strains
Table II
Total cellulase activities of selected Trichoderma strains measured by the filter paper assay method (FPA).
| Cellulolytic activity (FPU/ml) | Strains of Trichoderma | ||||||||
| T. reesei | T. virens | T. harzianum | |||||||
| QM 9414 | AN 68 | AN 69 | AN 73 | AN 187 | AN 188 | AN 268 | AN 94 | AN 108 | |
| 2.11 ± 0.25 | 4.41 ± 0.31 | 3.21 ± 0.15 | 6.05 ± 0.46 | 5.62 ± 0.41 | 4.42 ± 0.39 | 6.36 ± 0.48 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 7.15 ± 0.30 | |
| Cellulolytic activity (FPU/ml) | Strains of Trichoderma | |||||||
| T. harzianum | T. longibrachiatum | T. citrinoviride | ||||||
| AN 133 | AN 136 | AN 181 | AN 203 | AN 360 | AN 367 | AN 213 | AN 262 | |
| 5.31 ± 0.28 | 6.13 ± 0.55 | 4.11 ± 0.16 | 3.33 ± 0.22 | 5.60 ± 0.25 | 3.70 ± 0.23 | 1.01 ± 0.21 | 4.70 ± 0.34 | |