Figure 1:
Interactions are sorted into one of 15 triads (003 is not an interaction). Letters correspond to shape characteristics: D=down, U=up, C=cyclical, T=transitive. Numbers correspond with link characteristics: First digit=number of reciprocal links, second digit=number of unidirectional links, third digit=number of null links.
Figure 2:
Triadic representation of joint attention. The Caregiver is linking to both Infant and Object, while the Infant is linking to Object. Traditionally, this instance would be referred to as a moment of joint attention because both caregiver and infant are attending to the same third entity. In triadic analysis, this interaction is a transitive (TraT) 030T triad.
Table 1.
Demographic information for families
| Demographic information | Families (n=37) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male (%) | 19 (51) |
| Female (%) | 18 (49) |
| Racial or ethnic minority (%) | 4 (11) |
| Multiplex family (%) | 3 (8) |
| Mean age for mothers (SD) | 33.95 (3.93) |
| Mean age for fathers (SD) | 36.73 (5.15) |
| Maternal education | |
| Graduate or professional school (%) | 15 (41) |
| Some college or college degree (%) | 17 (46) |
| High school (%) | 5 (13) |
| Paternal education | |
| Graduate or professional school (%) | 10 (27) |
| Some college or college degree (%) | 21 (57) |
| High school (%) | 6 (16) |
| Mean paternal occupational prestige (SD) | 55.84 (16.25) |
Table 2:
Six examples in which the same initial action lead to either a VacT, ntT, or TraT triad
| Example | VacT | IntT | TraT |
|---|---|---|---|
| A Behavior | 1. Caregiver calls Infant’s name | 1. Caregiver calls Infant’s name 2. Infant touches Object | 1. Caregiver calls Infant’s name 2. Infant touches Object 3. Caregiver plays with Object |
| Triad |  |  |  |
| B Behavior | 1. Infant shakes Object | 1. Infant shakes an Object 2. Object rattles in earshot of Infant and Caregiver | 1. Infant shakes Object 2. Object rattles in earshot of Infant and Caregiver 3. Caregiver talks to Infant about Object |
| Triad |  |  |  |
| C Behavior | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant 2. Infant looks at Caregiver | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant 2. Infant looks at Object |
| Triad |  |  |  |
| D Behavior | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant 2. Infant looks at Caregiver | 1. Caregiver shows Object to Infant 2. Infant looks at Caregiver and Object |
| Triad |  |  |  |
| E Behavior | 1. Infant looks at Caregiver | 1. Infant looks at Caregiver 2. Caregiver speaks to Infant about Object | 1. Infant looks at Caregiver 2. Caregiver speaks to Infant about Object 3. Infant looks at Object |
| Triad |  |  |  |
| F Behavior | 1. Infant and Caregiver both touch Object | 1. Infant and Caregiver touch Object 2. Object lights up for Infant and Caregiver | 1. Infant and Caregiver touch Object 2. Object lights up for Infant and Caregiver 3. Caregiver and Infant look at each other |
| Triad |  |  |  |
Figure 3:
Transitivity type proportions across months for males and females. The x-axis represents months 5 through 14, and the y-axis represents the proportions each transitivity type constitutes. Male and female proportions are displayed side by side for better comparison across months.
Table 3:
Transitivity types and outcome measures
| Transitivity Types and Outcome Measures | Males (n=19) | Females (n=18) |
|---|---|---|
| Transitivity | ||
| VacT average proportion mean (SD) | 0.60 (0.04) | 0.60 (0.03) |
| IntT average proportion mean (SD) | 0.11 (0.01) | 0.12 (0.02) |
| TraT average proportion mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.03) | 0.27 (0.03) |
| CDI | ||
| CDI-III raw word count (SD) | 51.21 (27.97) | 53.17 (24.51) |
| CDI-III complexity number (SD) | 5 (3.83) | 7.06 (4.09) |
| CDI-III complexity percentile (SD) | 14.47 (18.48) | 27.06 (34.41) |
| CDI-III using language number (SD) | 6.89 (3.60) | 6.94 (2.94) |
| CDI-III using language percentile (SD) | 28.68 (28.81) | 17.17 (25.32) |
| CDI-III longest sentence mean (SD) | 6.93 (3.00) | 7.48 (1.96) |
| MSEL | ||
| Visual Reception (SD) | 52 (15.99) | 57.53 (13.61) |
| Fine Motor (SD) | 43.89 (16.31) | 44.78 (15.69) |
| Receptive Language (SD) | 48.72 (12.41) | 47.44 (13.26) |
| Expressive Language (SD) | 53.72 (10.17) | 52.23 (12.84) |
| ADOS | 2.47 (1.81) | 2 (1.75) |
| Diagnostic outcome information | ||
| ASD (%) | 2 (11) | 2 (11) |
| Language delayed (%) | 9 (47) | 6 (33) |
| No symptoms (%) | 8 (42) | 10 (56) |
Table 4:
Significant correlations between transitivity types and outcome measures for males and females
| Significant correlations | Males (n=19) | Females (n=18) |
|---|---|---|
| TraT and CDI-III raw word count | cor=0.53, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and CDI-III raw word count | cor=-0.51, p=0.04 | |
| IntT and CDI-III number of complex language used | cor=-0.62, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and CDI-III number of times language used | cor=-0.55, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and CDI-III longest sentence means | cor=-0.55, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and MSEL standard score | cor=-0.56, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and MSEL fine motor score | cor=-0.55, p=0.03 | |
| IntT and MSEL receptive language score | cor=-0.55, p=0.02 | |
| IntT and MSEL cognitive sum | cor=-0.53, p=0.03 |
| Male Dataset Months | Mean Link Rate | SD | Link Sum | Mean Triad Rate | SD | Triad Sum | VacT Proportion | IntT Proportion | TraT Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 56.81 | 7.83 | 1759 | 24.19 | 3.31 | 748 | 60.67% | 9.77% | 29.56% |
| 6 | 59.60 | 14.95 | 1696.79 | 25.36 | 4.70 | 722.89 | 61.79% | 10.38% | 27.82% |
| 7 | 58.57 | 14.40 | 1990.37 | 26.52 | 5.18 | 899.26 | 65.28% | 10.89% | 23.83% |
| 8 | 61.77 | 13.28 | 2021.37 | 27.76 | 4.52 | 916.89 | 63.98% | 12.00% | 24.02% |
| 9 | 65.17 | 8.25 | 2150.58 | 28.96 | 2.81 | 954.59 | 63.21% | 11.02% | 25.77% |
| 10 | 68.30 | 11.44 | 2236.68 | 30.06 | 5.20 | 997.42 | 62.12% | 11.88% | 25.99% |
| 11 | 69.30 | 12.05 | 2336.21 | 29.53 | 4.52 | 1002.47 | 59.67% | 12.25% | 28.08% |
| 12 | 73.55 | 14.40 | 2573.24 | 31.26 | 4.53 | 1097.13 | 56.99% | 12.44% | 30.57% |
| 13 | 72.93 | 11.05 | 2766.42 | 30.75 | 4.17 | 1163.79 | 55.54% | 12.14% | 32.32% |
| 14 | 67.89 | 15.07 | 2632.42 | 29.34 | 6.11 | 1134.37 | 58.21% | 12.51% | 29.28% |
| Female Dataset Months | Mean Link Rate | SD | Link Sum | Mean Triad Rate | SD | Triad Sum | VacT Proportion | IntT Proportion | TraT Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 61.92 | 15.81 | 1759.47 | 26.28 | 5.12 | 756.00 | 61.49% | 10.85% | 27.66% |
| 6 | 60.69 | 12.18 | 1863.72 | 26.69 | 5.44 | 826.67 | 62.41% | 11.35% | 26.24% |
| 7 | 57.73 | 14.40 | 1824.28 | 25.70 | 5.16 | 819.83 | 63.81% | 12.27% | 23.92% |
| 8 | 57.04 | 10.77 | 1740.82 | 25.18 | 4.00 | 775.59 | 63.58% | 11.98% | 24.44% |
| 9 | 65.57 | 10.34 | 1990.94 | 29.05 | 4.22 | 881.53 | 62.54% | 12.49% | 24.97% |
| 10 | 64.31 | 10.94 | 1787.44 | 27.96 | 3.95 | 784.78 | 61.22% | 12.59% | 26.19% |
| 11 | 69.18 | 14.97 | 2201.83 | 29.53 | 5.41 | 936.72 | 59.50% | 14.18% | 26.32% |
| 12 | 69.07 | 14.49 | 2496.61 | 29.48 | 6.01 | 1062.67 | 57.04% | 12.22% | 30.74% |
| 13 | 69.56 | 14.75 | 2690.17 | 29.72 | 5.79 | 1151.50 | 57.54% | 11.66% | 30.80% |
| 14 | 66.91 | 12.29 | 2458.89 | 28.57 | 5.19 | 1048.72 | 56.53% | 13.23% | 30.25% |