Pratylenchus smoliki, a new nematode species (Pratylenchidae: Tylenchomorpha) from the Great Plains region of North America

Powers, Thomas; Todd, Timothy; Harris, Tim; Higgins, Rebecca; MacGuidwin, Ann; Mullin, Peter; Ozbayrak, Mehmet; Powers, Kirsten; Sakai, Kanan

doi:10.21307/jofnem-2021-100

Figures & Tables

Light microscope images of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. specimens. (A) NID 8139 female head, (B) NID 8139 female tail, (C) NID 8139 spermatheca, vulva and post-uterine sac, (D) NID 8170 female reproductive system, (E) NID 8170 female entire body, (F) NID 8137 male entire body, (G) NID 8154 spicules and bursa, (H) NID 8154 male head, (I) NID 8137 spicules and bursa, (J) NID 8154 midbody lateral lines in male.

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM in en face view, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 Trapezoidal subdorsal and subventral lips adjoining oral disc with demarcation between sectors, six inner labial sensilla flank oral opening, (B) NID 4801 Lateral lip sectors clearly separated from oral disc and subventral/subdorsal sectors, (C) NID 4805 and (D) NID 4820 Anterior region profiles displaying two lip annuli.

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of anterior region with beginning of lateral field, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4815, (B) NID 4812, (C) NID 4816, (D) NID 4817.

P. smoliki n. sp. SEM of midbody region, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. (A) NID 4808 and (B) NID 4818 slightly protruding vulval lips, (C) NID 4807 and (D) NID 4803 lateral field with irregularly areolated lines at midbody.

SEM images of P. smoliki n. sp. tails, different NID numbers specify different individual specimens. A–I exhibit the variation in tail termini, J–L illustrate male tails. (A) NID 4803, (B) NID 4819, (C) NID 4813, (D) NID 4818, (E) NID 4805, (F) NID 4811, (G) NID 4809, (H) NID 4803, (I) NID 4805, (J) NID 4817, (K) NID 4816, (L) NID 4816.

Light microscope images of Pratylenchus alleni specimens from the type locality Saline County, Illinois. (A–E) female NID 7381, (F–H) male NID 7382. (A) Entire body, (B) Head and anterior region, (C) Reproductive region, (D) Midbody lateral lines, (E) Tail, (F) Tail, bursa and spicules, (G) Head and anterior portion, (H) Entire body

A-C, COI DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 372 Pratylenchid sequences GTR + G 200, the tree is split into three sections, 7A, 7B, and 7C. Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.

28S DNA Maximum likelihood tree of 41 Pratylenchid sequences K2P + G 500 Bootstrap values in red, brackets delimit species and haplotype groups.

Maximum likelihood tree of ITS1 sequences from P. smoliki n. sp. and closely related species. Bootstrap values in red.

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of six eight-week old corn hybrids. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of four eight-week old agronomic crop plants. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Box and whisker plots of the distribution of numbers of Pratylenchus smoliki n. sp. recovered from roots of 11 eight-week old cover crops. The lower bound of the box indicates the first quartile, the central line is the median, and the upper bound is the third quartile. The lower and upper whiskers represent minimum and maximum values. Outliers that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range (third quartile minus first quartile) from the lower or upper quartile, respectively, are indicated with dots. The mean is indicated by the symbol “×”.

Pratylenchus specimens used for phylogenetic analysis in this study_

NID #	Species	Stage	Locality	Host	Marker	GenBank#
N3873	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878313
N3873	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490313
N3880	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878314
N3880	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	ITS1	OK490336
N8136	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878315
N8137	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878316
N8139	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878317
N8139	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490314
N8145	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878318
N8145	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490315
N8146	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878319
N8148	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878320
N8154	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878321
N8156	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878322
N8170	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	MK878323
N8170	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490316
N9793	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489823
N9793	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490317
N9793	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA SSU	OK490342
N9795	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA SSU	OK490343
N9809	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	ITS1	OK490337
N10037	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Buffalo Co., NE	Corn	COI	MK878324
N10039	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Buffalo Co., NE	Corn	COI	MK878325
N10053	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Buffalo Co., NE	Corn	COI	MK878326
N11506	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489824
N11506	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490318
N11507	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489825
N11508	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489826
N11509	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489827
N11509	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490319
N11510	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489828
N11592	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489829
N11593	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489830
N11593	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490320
N11594	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA SSU	OK490344
N11595	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489831
N11595	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490321
N11600	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489832
N11602	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489833
N11603	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490322
N11605	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489834
N11607	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489835
N11612	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489836
N11613	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489837
N11614	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489838
N11614	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490323
N11618	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489839
N12448	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489840
N12451	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489841
N12451	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489842
N12453	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489843
N12453	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490324
N12454	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	ITS1	OK490338
N12457	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489844
N12458	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489845
N12459	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489846
N12463	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489847
N12463	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490325
N12464	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489848
N12465	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489849
N12466	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489850
N12467	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489851
N12468	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489852
N12469	P. smoliki n. sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489853
N12470	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489854
N12470	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490326
N12471	P. smoliki n. sp.	F	Shawnee Co., KS^*	Corn	COI	OK489855
N3717	P. alleni	M	Madison Co., NE	Corn	COI	MK877458
N3717	P. alleni	M	Madison Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490293
N7381	P. alleni	F	Saline Co., IL^**	Soybean	COI	MK877459
N7382	P. alleni	M	Saline Co., IL^**	Soybean	COI	MK877460
N10848	P. alleni	J	Saline Co., IL^**	Soybean	rDNA LSU	OK490294
N10850	P. alleni	F	Saline Co., IL^**	Soybean	COI	MK877461
N10850	P. alleni	F	Saline Co., IL^**	Soybean	rDNA LSU	OK490295
N8539	P. crenatus	F	County Galway, IRE	Pasture	rDNA LSU	OK490296
N9774	P. crenatus	J	Rwanda	-	COI	OK489810
N6350	P. dakotaensis	F	Atchison Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490297
N6351	P. dakotaensis	J	Atchison Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490298
N6438	P. hexincisus	F	Graham Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490299
N7726	P. hexincisus	F	Big Horn Co., WY	Drybean	rDNA LSU	OK490300
N10849	P. hexincisus	J	Saline Co., IL	Soybean	rDNA LSU	OK490301
N10756	P. neglectus	F	Seward Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490302
N11481	P. neglectus	F	Gallatin Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489811
N11483	P. neglectus	F	Gallatin Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489812
N11485	P. neglectus	F	Broadwater Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489813
N11487	P. neglectus	F	Broadwater Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489814
N11489	P. neglectus	F	Broadwater Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489815
N11491	P. neglectus	F	Treasure Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489816
N11499	P. neglectus	F	Yellowstone Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489817
N6260	P. penetrans	M	Fairbanks Co., AK	Peony	rDNA LSU	OK490303
N6261	P. penetrans	J	Fairbanks Co., AK	Peony	rDNA LSU	OK490304
N7091	P. penetrans	F	Fairbanks Co., AK	Peony	rDNA LSU	OK490305
N11414	P. penetrans	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489818
N11415	P. penetrans	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489819
N11416	P. penetrans	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489820
N11417	P. penetrans	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489821
N11424	P. penetrans	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489822
N6383	P. scribneri	F	Marshall Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490306
N7833	P. scribneri	J	Custer Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490307
N7839	P. scribneri	J	Custer Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490308
N7845	P. scribneri	F	Custer Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490309
N10274	P. scribneri	F	Kearney Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490310
N10301	P. scribneri	F	Phelps Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490311
N10306	P. scribneri	F	Phelps Co., NE	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490312
P130021	P. scribneri	-	Maryland	-	ITS1	OK490333
P156024	P. scribneri	F	Florida	-	ITS1	OK490334
P344041	P. scribneri	-	-	-	ITS1	OK490335
N7566	P. thornei	F	Treasure Co., MT	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490327
N7567	P. thornei	F	Treasure Co., MT	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490328
N11495	P. thornei	F	Yellowstone Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489856
N11497	P. thornei	F	Yellowstone Co., MT	Corn	COI	OK489857
N11422	P. vulnus	F	British Columbia, CAN	Prunus sp.	COI	OK489858
N10764	Pratylenchus sp.	F	Sumner Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490329
N12456	Pratylenchus sp.	M	Shawnee Co., KS	Corn	COI	OK489859
N10685	Pratylenchus sp.	F	Seward Co., KS	Corn	rDNA LSU	OK490330
N8930	Pratylenchus sp.	F	Lincoln Co., AR	Soybean	rDNA LSU	OK490331
N10841	Pratylenchus sp.	J	Cross Co., AR	Soybean	rDNA LSU	OK490332
P156016	Pratylenchus sp.	F	Lancaster Co., NE	Leadplant	ITS1	OK490339
P156019	Pratylenchus sp.	F	Gage Co., NE	Big Bluestem	ITS1	OK490340
P201006	Pratylenchus sp.	-	Idaho	-	ITS1	OK490341
N84	Nacobbus aberrans	M	Xalatlaco, MEX	-	COI	OK489860
N85	Nacobbus aberrans	M	Xalatlaco, MEX	-	COI	OK489861
N194	Nacobbus aberrans	J	Sioux Co., NE	Sugarbeet	COI	OK489862
N452	Nacobbus aberrans	-	Zacatecas, MEX	Drybean	COI	OK489863
N537	Nacobbus aberrans	J	Chacra, ARG	Tomato	COI	OK489864
N658	Nacobbus aberrans	J	Lisandro Olmos, ARG	-	COI	OK489865

Estimates of evolutionary divergence (p-distances) over sequence pairs within (bold) and between groups_

	N. aberrans	P. alleni	P. crenatus	P. hexicisus	P. neglectus	P. penetrans	P. scribneri	P. sp. 3	P. sp Clay	P. dakotaensis	P. smoliki n. sp.	P. sp. 9 & 10	P. sp. 7	P. sp. 5	P. thornei	P. vulnus	P. zeae
Nacobbus aberrans	0.105
P. alleni	0.328	0.003
P. crenatus	0.358	0.316	0.001
P. hexincisus	0.416	0.217	0.36	0.029
P. neglectus	0.314	0.3	0.36	0.381	0.02
P. penetrans	0.325	0.323	0.32	0.379	0.31	0.032
P. scribneri	0.36	0.172	0.32	0.198	0.329	0.334	0.007
P. sp. 3	0.365	0.181	0.356	0.23	0.339	0.348	0.187	0.004
P._sp_Clay	0.373	0.188	0.329	0.196	0.329	0.339	0.112	0.191	0
P. dakotaensis	0.335	0.216	0.306	0.286	0.322	0.307	0.242	0.228	0.247	0.078
P. smoliki n. sp.	0.412	0.219	0.381	0.21	0.377	0.362	0.227	0.19	0.221	0.298	0.101
P. sp. 9 & 10	0.378	0.204	0.336	0.23	0.355	0.35	0.21	0.226	0.205	0.254	0.229	0.105
P. sp. 7	0.351	0.171	0.303	0.215	0.311	0.321	0.142	0.188	0.15	0.212	0.235	0.212	0.091
P. sp. 5	0.38	0.195	0.333	0.179	0.358	0.349	0.127	0.2	0.079	0.26	0.206	0.204	0.161	0
P. thornei	0.311	0.34	0.372	0.386	0.298	0.311	0.355	0.352	0.348	0.32	0.373	0.349	0.328	0.366	0.002
P. vulnus	0.335	0.241	0.321	0.3	0.333	0.305	0.265	0.287	0.276	0.241	0.319	0.259	0.246	0.297	0.316	0.051
P. zeae	0.326	0.326	0.346	0.398	0.315	0.331	0.352	0.332	0.34	0.314	0.394	0.36	0.331	0.36	0.317	0.327	0.012
P. horti	0.331	0.26	0.331	0.296	0.317	0.31	0.243	0.23	0.244	0.217	0.308	0.246	0.228	0.277	0.295	0.254	0.299
P. fallax	0.279	0.302	0.292	0.359	0.278	0.153	0.311	0.332	0.321	0.271	0.39	0.342	0.297	0.346	0.272	0.296	0.309
P. pseudocoffeae	0.326	0.18	0.339	0.22	0.326	0.326	0.193	0.181	0.173	0.243	0.229	0.222	0.184	0.197	0.345	0.277	0.331
P. coffeae	0.314	0.231	0.28	0.302	0.324	0.293	0.229	0.249	0.237	0.224	0.291	0.24	0.224	0.257	0.304	0.244	0.303
P. hippeastri	0.307	0.234	0.318	0.3	0.325	0.307	0.247	0.246	0.255	0.201	0.278	0.256	0.228	0.267	0.326	0.246	0.317
P. loosi	0.301	0.223	0.311	0.302	0.281	0.302	0.242	0.236	0.246	0.215	0.301	0.248	0.235	0.263	0.298	0.271	0.296
P. convallariae	0.315	0.337	0.316	0.385	0.316	0.167	0.329	0.349	0.333	0.291	0.389	0.346	0.308	0.351	0.31	0.305	0.323
P. sp	0.324	0.222	0.287	0.284	0.309	0.309	0.228	0.242	0.254	0.204	0.288	0.242	0.227	0.252	0.32	0.25	0.296
P. speijeri	0.306	0.235	0.29	0.274	0.307	0.312	0.216	0.253	0.233	0.198	0.3	0.236	0.224	0.248	0.305	0.231	0.306
P. capsici	0.299	0.313	0.329	0.365	0.296	0.194	0.312	0.319	0.317	0.277	0.368	0.342	0.306	0.339	0.296	0.3	0.326
P. brachyurus	0.316	0.323	0.339	0.396	0.31	0.233	0.341	0.341	0.366	0.296	0.388	0.371	0.328	0.369	0.283	0.317	0.328
P. flakkensis	0.317	0.342	0.377	0.392	0.352	0.305	0.356	0.349	0.343	0.324	0.384	0.354	0.336	0.371	0.292	0.335	0.332
P. parazeae	0.386	0.368	0.394	0.398	0.366	0.385	0.368	0.355	0.368	0.353	0.398	0.388	0.359	0.374	0.346	0.359	0.264
	P. horti	P. fallax	P. pseudocoffeae	P. coffeae	P. hippeastri	P. loosi	P. convallariae	P. sp. C1	P. speijeri	P. capsici	P. brachyurus	P. flakkensis	P. parazeae
P. horti	0.001
P. fallax	0.292	0.007
P. pseudocoffeae	0.248	0.325	0
P. coffeae	0.229	0.291	0.252	0.008
P. hippeastri	0.224	0.304	0.256	0.185	0.023
P. loosi	0.221	0.305	0.249	0.193	0.209	0.026
P. convallariae	0.305	0.145	0.331	0.279	0.297	0.306	0.021
P. sp. C1	0.238	0.298	0.27	0.143	0.197	0.193	0.296	0.018
P. speijeri	0.215	0.294	0.241	0.118	0.164	0.181	0.283	0.109	0.005
P. capsici	0.276	0.169	0.334	0.295	0.278	0.284	0.187	0.292	0.28	0.006
P. brachyurus	0.308	0.202	0.356	0.308	0.316	0.296	0.229	0.298	0.279	0.211	0.014
P. flakkensis	0.314	0.292	0.356	0.299	0.291	0.292	0.337	0.335	0.333	0.289	0.315	0.04
P. parazeae	0.352	0.377	0.389	0.361	0.373	0.37	0.389	0.353	0.357	0.357	0.353	0.356	0.049

Measurements of P_ smoliki n_ sp_ specimens_

	Holotype	N	Females	N	Males	N	Juveniles
L	491	22	511.4 + 50.6 (407-604)	25	456.8 + 32.7 (415-560)	4	320.5 + 38.1 (289-385)
a	21.0	22	24.4 + 3.0 (18.8-31.9)	25	27.1 + 1.7 (23.8-31.7)	4	20.5 + 2.3 (18.0-24.1)
b	5.4	21	5.6 + 0.4 (4.8-6.6)	25	5.3 + 0.4 (4.4-5.9)	4	3.7 + 0.5 (3.3-4.5)
b′	4.2	22	4.3 + 0.4 (3.5-4.9)	25	4.1 + 0.3 (3.6-4.6)	4	3.0 + 0.3 (2.5-3.4)
c	19.5	22	22.1 + 2.8 (17.7-31.5)	25	22.6 + 3.9 (16.7-34.1)	4	17.7 + 2.2 (15.7-21.5)
c′	1.9	22	1.9 + 0.2 (1.6-2.2)	24	1.6 + 0.2 (1.2-2.2)	4	1.8 + 0.1 (1.7-1.9)
V %	79.4	22	79.2 + 1.4 (76.8-82.0)
Lip annules	2	22	2.0 + 0 (2-2)	25	2.0 + 0 (2-2)	4	2.0 + 0 (2-2)
St	16	22	15.1 + 0.6 (14-16)	25	14.2 + 0.6 (13-15)	4	12.7 + 0.6 (12-14)
M %	50	22	48.3 + 1.6 (44.9-51.7)	25	47.7 + 2.9 (43.1-54.7)	4	44.9 + 2.5 (41.9-48.7)
DGO	3	22	2.7 + 0.3 (2-3)	25	2.9 + 0.1 (3-3)	4	2.3 + 0.1 (2-3)
O %	17.3	22	17.7 + 1.9 (12.7-20.3)	25	20.0 + 1.2 (18.3-23.0)	4	18.3 + 1.3 (16.5-20.0)
MB %	45.1	22	44.1 + 2.5 (39.4-51.7)	25	44.6 + 2.6 (39.8-50.1)	4	42.0 + 3.2 (39.2-47.1)
Overlap		22	29.1 + 6.5 (16-41)	25	26.2 + 6.4 (14-39)	4	19.4 + 8.3 (7-27)
Body ann W	1.6	22	1.4 + 0.2 (1.0-2.0)	24	1.3 + 0.1 (1.0-1.5)	4	1.2 + 0.1 (1.0-1.3)
LFL	4			24	4.0 + 0.0 (4-4)
PUS/Bw	0.6	22	0.9 + 0.2 (1-1)
PUS/V-A %	16.1	22	22.5 + 6.4 (13.5-32.8)
Sthc L/W		22	1.1 + 0.1 (0.9-1.4)
T %				25	44.1 + 4.8 (35.0-55.0)
Spicule				25	16.8 + 0.8 (15-19)
Gubernaculum				24	4.3 + 0.6 (3-6)
Bursa: % tail				25	96.5 + 9.2 (80.5-136.5)
Tail	25	22	23.4 + 2.8 (17-29)	25	20.7 + 3.2 (13-28)	4	18.2 + 0.4 (18-19)
T/VA	0.3	22	0.3 + 0.0 (0.2-0.4)
Ran	21	22	19.7 + 3.0 (14-26)	6	18.6 + 3.0 (15-24)	4	18.0 + 1.2 (16-19)

Primers_

Marker	Primer set	Amplicon Size (kb)	Primer Sequence (5′→ 3′)	Direction	Reference
COI^a	PsmoF4	0.42	5′-ATY GCS CCC GCC TTT GG-3’	Forward	This manuscript
COI	JB5		5′-AGC ACC TAA ACT TAA AAC ATA ATG AAA ATG-3′	Reverse	Derycke et al. (2005)
COI	JB3	0.43	5′-TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTAT-3′	Forward	Bowles et al., (1992)
COI	JB5		5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′	Reverse	Derycke et al. (2005)
COI	F1KF	0.95	5′- CCTACTATGATTGGTGGTTTTGGTAATTG-3′	Forward	Kanzaki & Futai (2002)
COI	JB5		5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′	Reverse	Derycke et al. (2005)
COI	F7bPrat	0.78	5′-GGDTGRACWTTHTAYCCNCC-3′	Forward	Ozbayrak et al. (2019)
COI	JB5		5′-AGCACCTAAACTTAAAACATAATGAAAATG-3′	Reverse	Derycke et al. (2005)
ITS1^b	rDNA2	0.62	5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′	Forward	Vrain et al. (1992)
ITS1	rDNA1.58Sa		5′-ACGAGCCGAGTGATCCACC-3′	Reverse	Cherry et al. (1997)
rDNA LSU^c	D2A	0.75	5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′	Forward	De Ley et al. (1999)
rDNA LSU	D3B		5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3	Reverse	De Ley et al. (1999)
rDNA LSU	28s-PratF3	0.48	5′-TTTGCAAGTGGAGTGCGT-3′	Forward	This manuscript
rDNA LSU	28s-PratR1		5′-AATAGTTCACCATCTTTCGGG -3′	Reverse	This manuscript

Pratylenchus smoliki, a new nematode species (Pratylenchidae: Tylenchomorpha) from the Great Plains region of North America

Figures & Tables

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Figure S1:

Figure 9:

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Figure 11:

Pratylenchus specimens used for phylogenetic analysis in this study_

Estimates of evolutionary divergence (p-distances) over sequence pairs within (bold) and between groups_

Measurements of P_ smoliki n_ sp_ specimens_

Primers_

Paradigm

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