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Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cover

Evaluation of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes in Southwest China as potential biocontrol agents against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Open Access
|Nov 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

The distribution map of collected soil samples and entomopthogenic nematodes in Yunnan province, China. A: collected soil samples. B: entomopathogenic nematodes.

Figure 2:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Steinernema populations. The tree was based on ITS rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 3:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Steinernema populations. The tree was based on 28S rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 4:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Heterorhabditis populations. The tree was based on ITS rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 5:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Heterorhabditis populations. The tree was based on 28S rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 6:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Oscheius populations. The tree was based on ITS rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 7:

Neighbor-Joining tree of the Oscheius populations. The tree was based on 28S rDNA data and Kimura 2-parameter model. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>50%) based on 1,000 replicates. Scale represents K2P genetic distance.

Figure 8:

Mortality rates (mean ± SE%) of Spodoptera litura larvae treated 24, 36, 48, and 72 hr by different populations of entomopathogenic nematodes at 100 infective juveniles per larva. HbHb: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; Sc All: Steinernema carpocapsae; CK: Control. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ≤ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.

Figure 9:

Mortality rates (mean ± SE%) of Spodoptera litura larvae treated 48, 72, 84 hr by different populations of Oscheius at 100 infective juveniles per larva. CK: Control. Bars with different letters represent significantly different means (SE) at p ≤ 0.05 among all treatments via the post hoc Duncan’s test.

The list of indigenous species in the genus of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema detected from Yunnan province, China Species and soil physicochemical parameters of the corresponding habitats_

Soil No.HabitatLongitudeLatitudeAltitude (m)pHSOC (g/kg)TN (g/kg)CEC (cmol/kg)ClaySandSilt
H. bacteriophora 10020-1cropland24.856385103.36610218506.5528.51.5512.23472528
10020-2cropland24.856385103.36610218506.9215.80.918.34472528
10198-1cropland26.108999.999920557.6564.43.2621.54363925
S. akhursti 10006-2forest25.51231100.260124824.51561.8613.94225127
S. akhursti 10127-2forest24.16796102.627518184.5529.617.171.56263638
S. ceratophorum 10024-3forest24.93598103.536418375.1724.21.3513.96472528
S. ceratophorum 10064-2cropland23.80083103.648314567.8419.51.1923.91363925
Steinernema sp. Sun 110074-1forest23.65063102.702113916.8421.61.177.77363925
Steinernema sp. Sun 110074-3forest23.65063102.702113916.5774.93.5818.52363925
Steinernema sp. Sun 210099-1forest24.07291101.925718616.0640.623.571.52363925
S. siamkayai 10156-5waterside23.21695101.131411176.9424.714.351.39225127
S. everestense 10166-1cropland23.65539100.058218205.0669.440.273.34313633
Steinernema sp. Sun 310169-2grassland24.1751499.9881111244.831810.451.06432829
Steinernema sp. Sun 310169-3grassland24.1751499.9881111244.934224.342.11432829
Steinernema sp. Sun 410226-2forest24.474897.745610966.245.643.270.23393427
S. surkhetense 10227-2cropland24.187797.81669497.996.253.620.39432829

Distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in different habitats in Yunnan Province, China_

ForestFarmlandGrasslandWatersideThe edge of croplandTotal
Soil sample No.2872499934120789
Heterorhabditis No.030003
Steinernema No.7311113
Oscheius No.351054458
Prevalence of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (%)2.442.411.012.940.832.03
Prevalence of Oscheius (%)12.204.025.0511.763.337.35
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-083 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 17
Published on: Nov 22, 2021
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Bingjiao Sun, Xiuqing Zhang, Li Song, Lixin Zheng, Xianqin Wei, Xinghui Gu, Yonghe Cui, Bin Hu, Toyoshi Yoshiga, Mahfouz M. Abd-Elgawad, Weibin Ruan, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.