Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Comparative morphometrics of Panagrellus pycnus Thorne, 1938_
| Reference | Present paper | Thorne (1938) | Hechler (1971a) | Andrássy (2005)** | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Italy | USA | USA | Hungary | ||||
| Sex | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male |
| n | 10 | 10 | ? | ? | 12 | 15 | ? | ? |
| Body length (L) | 993–1,258 | 931–1,322 | 1,000–1,400 | 800–1,200 | 1,170–1,410 | 900–1,222 | 1,170–1,410 | 800–1,200 |
| a | 23.6–29.6 | 24.6–29.9 | 18.0 | 21.0 | 16.0–21.5 | 20.6–26.9 | 16.0–22.0 | 21.0–27.0 |
| b | 5.3–16.5 | 4.6–6.5 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 6.1–8.0 | 5.7–7.4 | 6.1–8.0 | 5.7–7.4 |
| c | 6.8–8.1 | 7.8–10.9 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.6–10.4 | 7.9–10.4 | 8.0–10.0 | 8.0–10.0 |
| c' | 4.9–7.0 | 3.6–5.1 | 4.7* | 4.2* | 5.8* | 4.7* | 6.0 | 3.5–4.0 |
| V | 63–69 | – | 73 | – | 71–77 | – | 71–77 | – |
| Stoma length | 12–16 | 10–14 | ? | ? | 11–14 | 10–13 | 12–14 | 12–14 |
| Spicules length (arc) | – | 70–81 | – | ? | – | 71–81* | – | ? |
| Spicules length (chord) | – | 56–61 | – | ? | – | 54–70 | – | 50–70 |
| Gubernaculum length | – | 28–29 | – | ? | – | 25–27 | – | 25–27 |
Length of the spicules (measured in arc) of the Panagrellus species with hooked manubrium_
| References | Ceylonensis | Dubius | Filiformis | Leperisini | Pycnus | Redivivus | Redivivus as leucocephalus | Redivivus as parasiticus | Silusioides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present paper | – | – | – | – | 70–81 | – | – | – | – |
| Goodey (1922) | – | – | – | – | – | 70* | – | – | – |
| Steiner (1936) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ? | – | – |
| Thorne (1938) | – | – | – | – | 74*** | – | – | – | – |
| Sandground (1939) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 65–68* | – |
| Rühm (1956) | – | – | – | – | – | 70–90* ceylonensis? | – | – | – |
| Tsalolikhin (1965) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 75–90** |
| Sanwal (1960) | – | 60–62* | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hechler (1970) | – | – | – | – | – | 77* | – | – | – |
| Hechler (1971a) | – | 56–60* | – | – | 71–81* | 64–74* | 45* | – | – |
| Hechler (1971b) | 81–89* | – | – | – | 77–83* | – | – | – | – |
| Sukul (1971) | – | – | 27* | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Massey (1974) | – | – | – | 60* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stock and Nadler (2006) | 83* redivivus? silusioides? | 64* dubius? leperisini? | – | – | – | 65* ceylonensis? parasiticus? | – | – | – |
GenBank accession numbers of the species used in the phylogenetic tree_
| Species | 18S rDNA | 28S rDNA |
|---|---|---|
| Ablechroiulus lacustris | EU196013 | EU195976 |
| Acrobeles complexus | KU180671 | DQ145620 |
| Acrobeloides nanus | DQ102707 | DQ903076 |
| Acrostichus halicti | HQ130163 | HQ130212 |
| Aglenchus agricola | KJ869356 | KP835679 |
| Alloionema appendiculatum | FJ665982 | KP204846 |
| Alloionema californicum | KX017492 | NA |
| Alloionema similis | KX185606 | NA |
| Anguina tritici | AY593913 | KC818620 |
| Baujardia mirabilis | AF547385 | NA |
| Brevibucca punctata | NA | DQ077787 |
| Brevibucca saprophaga | EU196018 | KU180677 |
| Bunonema reticulatum | EU196017 | EU195989 |
| Bunonema richtersi | FJ040451 | NA |
| Buonema franzi | AJ966477 | NA |
| Butlerius butleri | KP453998 | NA |
| Caenorhabditis angaria | JN636068 | JN636068 |
| Cephalobus persegnis | AY284663 | AF143368 |
| Cervidellus alutus | AF202152 | KU180683 |
| Cuticonema vivipara | EU196019 | EU195991 |
| Diplogaster rivalis | KJ636326 | NA |
| Diplogastrellus gracilis | KJ877216 | KJ877249 |
| Diploscapter coronatus | AY593921 | NA |
| Ditylenchus destructor | KJ636422 | MN307126 |
| Eucephalobus oxyurioides | AY284665 | HM439768 |
| Fictor stercorarius | KJ877235 | KJ877282 |
| Halicephalobus gingivalis 1 | JX674039 | JX194163 |
| Halicephalobus gingivalis 2 | NA | KU180686 |
| Heterodera koreana | MZ027493 | MZ027488 |
| Koerneria luziae | AB597232 | KJ877284 |
| Macrolaimus sp. | LC382049 | NA |
| Merlinius brevidens | KX789708 | NA |
| Mesorhabditis anisomorpha | AF083013 | NA |
| Micoletzkya buetschlii | JX163973 | NA |
| Mononchoides composticola | KP067833 | NA |
| Myolaimus byersi | KU180665 | KU180676 |
| Myolaimus sp. | NA | DQ145643 |
| Neoalloionema tricaudatum | KR817916 | KR817917 |
| Oscheius insectivorus | AF083019 | EU195968 |
| Panagrellus ceylonensis | NA | DQ408251 |
| Panagrellus dubius 1 | NA | DQ145648 |
| Panagrellus dubius 2 | NA | DQ408252 |
| Panagrellus levitatus | KY126845 | NA |
| Panagrellus pycnus | MZ656001 | MZ656000 |
| Panagrellus redivivoides 1 | MH608262 | MH608297 |
| Panagrellus redivivoides 2 | MH608263 | MH608298 |
| Panagrellus redivivus 1 | AF083007 | DQ408250 |
| Panagrellus redivivus 2 | MK541674 | MK541658 |
| Panagrellus redivivus 3 | NA | AF331910 |
| Panagrellus sp. 1 | MN082326 | NA |
| Panagrellus sp. 2 | MH608264 | MH608299 |
| Panagrellus sp. 3 | KP876562 | KM489128 |
| Panagrobelus sp. | LC382079 | NA |
| Panagrobelus stammeri 1 | FJ969134 | NA |
| Panagrolaimus davidi | AJ567385 | AY878385 |
| Panagrolaimus detritophagus | EU543176 | GU014547 |
| Panagrolaimus subelongatus | KY119431 | NA |
| Panagrolaimus trilabiatus | KF011487 | NA |
| Parasitorhabdis obtusa | EU003189 | EF990724 |
| Plectonchus sp. | AY593920 | NA |
| Plectonchus wyganti | KJ636307 | NA |
| Plectus aquatilis | AY284700 | EF417147 |
| Pristionchus fissidentatus | KJ877237 | KJ877273 |
| Procephalobus sp. | EU543179 | NA |
| Propanagrolaimus filiformis | KJ636392 | NA |
| Propanagrolaimus sp. | KJ434175 | NA |
| Protorhabditis sp. | AF083001 | AY602168 |
| Pseudacrobeles variabilis | AF202150 | NA |
| Psilenchus ilarus | MK639403 | MW716284 |
| Rhabditella axei | NA | AY602177 |
| Rhabditophanes sp. 1 | JX674037 | JX674036 |
| Rhabditophanes sp. 2 | AF202151 | AY294185 |
| Rotylenchus urmiaensis | KP718970 | KP718967 |
| Shahnema ardabilense | KM454872 | KM454873 |
| Shahnema golestanense | KM454874 | KM454875 |
| Shahnema ilamense | KM454870 | KM454871 |
| Steinermena feltiae | FJ040419 | NA |
| Steinernema scarabaei | FJ040424 | AY172023 |
| Strongyloides callosciureus | AB272231 | AB272231 |
| Strongyloides robustus | AB272232 | NA |
| Sudhausia crassa | KJ877232 | KJ877279 |
| Tarantobelus arachnicida 1 | MG669658 | MF177710 |
| Tarantobelus arachnicida 2 | MZ655998 | MZ656002 |
| Tarantobelus arachnicida 3 | MZ655999 | MZ656003 |
| Teratorhabdis mariannae | EF990716 | EF990721 |
| Turbatrix aceti 1 | AF202165 | AY294184 |
| Turbatrix aceti 2 | KU180673 | KU180690 |
| Zeldia punctata | NA | DQ145662 |
Morphometrics of Panagrellus pycnus Thorne, 1938 obtained from culture_
| Sex | Female | Male |
|---|---|---|
| n | 10 | 10 |
| Body length (L) | 1,114.2 ± 103.5 (993–1258) | 1,022.0 ± 117.5 (931–1,322) |
| a | 26 ± 2.0 (23.6–29.6) | 27 ± 1.6 (24.6–29.9) |
| b | 6.9 ± 3.4 (5.3–16.5) | 5.4 ± 0.5 (4.6–6.5) |
| c | 7.5 ± 0.4 (6.8–8.1) | 8.6 ± 0.9 (7.8–10.9) |
| c' | 6.0 ± 0.6 (4.9–7.0) | 4.4 ± 0.5 (3.6–5.1) |
| V | 66.5 ± 1.8 (63–69) | – |
| Lip region width | 14.8 ± 1.2 (12–16) | 14.1 ± 0.7 (13–15) |
| Stoma length | 13.8 ± 1.4 (12–16) | 12.7 ± 1.2 (10–14) |
| Pharyngeal corpus length | 109.4 ± 4.9 (104–120) | 107.4 ± 6.8 (93–114) |
| Isthmus length | 39.6 ± 5.7 (30–50) | 40.0 ± 5.7 (32–53) |
| Bulbus length | 27.9 ± 2.0 (24–31) | 27.8 ± 2.5 (24–33) |
| Pharynx length | 176.1 ± 6.6 (167–190) | 175.2 ± 11.8 (151–189) |
| Nerve ring – anterior end | 148.3 ± 8.8 (137–160) | 139.7 ± 11.0 (122–161) |
| Excretory pore – anterior end | 128.9 ± 7.5 (120–139) | 115.8 ± 11.0 (104–139) |
| Deirid-anterior end | 153.3 ± 9.9 (142–160) | 163.0 ± 6.1 (156–167) |
| Neck length | 189.9 ± 6.8 (181–203) | 187.9 ± 12.5 (161–202) |
| Body diameter at neck base | 37.9 ± 3.1 (34–44) | 35.1 ± 2.7 (33–42) |
| Body diameter at midbody | 42.4 ± 4.6 (37–52) | 37.6 ± 4.1 (32–47) |
| Lateral field width | 5.7 ± 2.1 (4–8) | 6.3 ± 1.0 (5–8) |
| Anterior ovary or testis length | 551.4 ± 49.5 (463–650) | 233.0 ± 41.7 (188–289) |
| Anterior oviduct length | 56.1 ± 15.8 (40–91) | – |
| Anterior uterus length | 377.4 ± 63.8 (287–496) | – |
| Post-vulval uterine sac length | 133.4 ± 22.2 (99–162) | – |
| Vagina length | 42.0 ± 8.5 (36–48) | – |
| Vulva – anterior end | 740.9 ± 74.0 (668–863) | – |
| Rectum or cloaca length | 28.2 ± 3.8 (20–32) | 9.8 ± 0.7 (9–11) |
| Anal body diameter | 25.1 ± 2.8 (22–30) | 27.2 ± 3.4 (23–34) |
| Tail length | 148.9 ± 11.9 (133–170) | 119.6 ± 10.1 (104–137) |
| Phasmid - anus distance | 55.6 ± 6.1 (46–67) | 47.7 ± 6.7 (36–57) |
| Spicules length (arc) | – | 77.4 ± 3.3 (70–81) |
| Gubernaculum length | – | 30.0 ± 1.2 (29–32) |