Organic fertilization influences nematode diversity and maturity index in coffee tree plantations using an agroforestry system

Physical characterization of soil samples collected at a depth of 0–10 cm from the following areas in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil: forest fragment (FF) and coffee plantations naturally fertilized (NF), fertilized with poultry litter (PL) or cow manure (CM).

	Physical attributes (%)
	Textural class	TP	Micro	Macro	SM
NF	Clayey	56.02 ± 1.08	34.79 ± 0.99	21.23 ± 1.55	25.80 ± 1.43
PL	Clayey	59.23 ± 1.68	36.83 ± 0.90	22.40 ± 1.13	27.23 ± 0.94
CM	Clayey	58.51 ± 1.01	33.27 ± 1.22	25.26 ± 1.79	30.12 ± 1.18
FF	Clayey	59.34 ± 1.95	32.12 ± 2.75	27.21 ± 2.59	25.67 ± 1.08

1 Notes: * Macro, macroporosity; Micro, microporosity; SM, Soil moisture; TP, total porosity.

2 **Values are means ± s.e.m.; none of the results were significantly different using analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Table 2.

Chemical characterization soil sampled at a depth of 0–10 cm from the following areas in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil: forest fragment (FF) and coffee plantations, naturally fertilized (NF), poultry litter fertilized (PL) and cow manure (CM) fertilized.

		N	P	K	OM	C:N
	pH	(%)	mg/dm³	mg/dm³	ppm
NF	5.8 ± 0.05^ns	0.27 ± 0.01^ns	15.4 ± 0.42b	319 ± 1.21ab	17.65 ± 0.52a	25.65 ± 0.23b
PL	5.5 ± 0.08^ns	0.28 ± 0.01^ns	705.6 ± 6.74a	977 ± 0.79a	17.73 ± 0.63a	48.21 ± 9.60a
CM	5.6 ± 0.09^ns	0.27 ± 0.01^ns	46.7 ± 0.65a	329 ± 5.37ab	14.48 ± 0.35b	31.01 ± 6.20a
FF	5.7 ± 0.05^ns	0.29 ± 0.01^ns	3.0 ± 0.05b	60 ± 2.43b	19.46 ± 0.28a	39.01 ± 7.80ab

1 Notes: C:N = Carbon-nitrogen ratio, K = Potassium, N = total organic nitrogen, OM = Organic matter, P = available Phosphorus.

2 Values are means ± s.e.m.; ns: Non-significant by analysis of variance. pH, N, OM, and C:N ratio, Tukey Test; P and K Dunn’s method (p < 0.05).

Table 3.

Average values (± standard error) for the total abundance of nematodes per 100 g of dry soil from an Atlantic forest fragment (FF), a naturally fertilized (NF) coffee plantation, poultry litter (PL) fertilized coffee plantation, and a coffee plantation fertilized with cow manure (CM).

Feeding habits	FF	NF	PL	CM
Bacterivores	108 ± 2.73b	170 ± 1.14b	380 ± 7.72a	378 ± 5.83a
Plant-parasites	270 ± 5.03a	287 ± 3.37a	183 ± 3.12b	128 ± 1.28b
Fungivores	84 ± 2.83a	51 ± 5.16a	32 ± 1.12b	13 ± 0.97b
Omnivores	11 ± 0.54^ns	9 ± 0.37^ns	2 ± 0.41^ns	2 ± 0.83^ns
Predators	10 ± 0.73^ns	9 ± 0.37^ns	8 ± 0.24^ns	4 ± 0.25^ns
Total	483 ± 7.20^ns	526 ± 5.63^ns	605 ± 9.09^ns	525 ± 4.59^ns

1 Notes: Values followed by the same letter on the same line did not differ when using the Tukey test (p < 0.05); ^nsNon-significant by analysis of variance.

Table 4.

Mean relative abundance of nematode genera found in soil samples from an Atlantic forest fragment (FF), a naturally fertilized (NF) coffee plantation, a poultry litter (PL) fertilized coffee plantation, and cow manure (CM) fertilized coffee plantation.

Families	Genera	FF	NF	PL	CM
Bacterivores		Areas
Alaimidae	Alaimus	0.01^ns	0.02^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Bunonematidae	Bunonema	0.00^ns	0.00^ns	0.01^ns	0.00^ns
Cephalobidae	Acrobeles	0.09b	0.10b	0.10b	0.18a
	Cephalobus	0.05^ns	0.04^ns	0.02^ns	0.02^ns
Diplogastridae	Diplogaster	0.00^ns	0.00^ns	0.03^ns	0.01^ns
Panagrolaimidae	Panagrolaimus	0.00^ns	0.01^ns	0.03^ns	0.01^ns
Plectidae	Plectus	0.01^ns	0.01^ns	0.02^ns	0.02^ns
	Wilsonema	0.00^ns	0.01^ns	0.00^ns	0.01^ns
Prismatolaimidae	Prismatolaimus	0.01^ns	0.01^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Rhabditidae	Rhabditis	0.05b	0.12b	0.38a	0.49a
Teratocephalidae	Teratocephalus	0.00^ns	0.01^ns	0.02^ns	0.00^ns
Plant-parasites		Areas
Anguininae	Ditylenchus*	0.03^ns	0.02^ns	0.04^ns	0.01^ns
Criconematidae	Criconema	0.15a	0.08a	0.02b	0.01b
Hoplolaimidae	Helicotylenchus	0.21b	0.35a	0.20b	0.17b
Longidoridae	Longidorus	0.03^ns	0.01^ns	0.02^ns	0.02^ns
Pratylenchidae	Pratylenchus	0.07a	0.04a	0.01b	0.00b
Trichodoridae	Trichodorus	0.02^ns	0.02^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Tylenchidae	Tylenchus	0.05^ns	0.03^ns	0.04^ns	0.02^ns
Fungivores		Areas
Aphelenchidae	Aphelenchus	0.14a	0.07b	0.05b	0.02b
Diphtherophoridae	Diphtherophora	0.02^ns	0.01^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Tylencholaimellidae	Tylencholaimellus	0.01^ns	0.01^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Onivores		Areas
Dorylaimidae	Dorylaimus	0.03^ns	0.02^ns	0.00^ns	0.00^ns
Predator		Areas
Mononchidae	Mononchus	0.02^ns	0.02^ns	0.01^ns	0.01^ns

1 Notes: Values followed by the same letter on the same line did not differ when using Dunnett’s method (p < 0.05).

2 *Ditylenchus specimens found in soil can be plant-parasitic and/or fungivorous.

Table 5.

Average values (± standard error) of Shannon and Simpson indices of nematode communities in soil samples from an Atlantic forest fragment (FF), a naturally fertilized (NF) coffee plantation, a poultry litter (PL) fertilized coffee plantation, and cow manure (CM) fertilized coffee plantation.

	Areas evaluated
Diversity indexes	FF	NF	PL	CM
Shannon (H’)	2.34 ± 0.03a	2.24 ± 0.03a	2.09 ± 0.04a	1.95 ± 0.06b
Simpson (Ds)	0.14 ± 0.002b	0.17 ± 0.006b	0.20 ± 0.002b	0.33 ± 0.002a

1 Notes: Values followed by the same letter on the same line did not differ when using the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Average values (± standard error) of (a) the maturity, (b) the maturity 2–5, (c) the plant parasitic, (d) the basal, (e) the enrichment, and (f) the structure indexes. Values followed by the same letter did not differ when using the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Food web analysis of coffee crops fertilized with cow manure (CM), poultry litter (PL), plant residues (NF), and in a forest fragment (FF). Quadrant A: enriched and structured agroecosystem; quadrant B: mature and structured environment; quadrant C: mature and stable environment, fertile soil; and quadrant D: degraded and depleted soil. (Ferris, 2010).

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-054 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1 - 13

Published on: May 21, 2021

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Agroecology,

Agroforestry systems,

Ecology,

Related subjects:

© 2021 JOL Vieira Júnior, RC Pereira, RL Soto, IM Cardoso, EA Mondino, RLL Berbara, E Sá Mendonça, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

Organic fertilization influences nematode diversity and maturity index in coffee tree plantations using an agroforestry system

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Paradigm

My account