Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Comparative LC50 and LC90 values of Oscheius myriophilus (Poinar, 1986) for Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) and Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) at 48 h post-treatment by EPNs
| Host | Organism | χ 2 (df=6) | P-value | Intercept ± SE | Slope ± SE | LC50 | LC90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. perspectalis (fourth larval instars) | O. myriophilus | 66.70 | 0.000 | −0.79 ± 0.06 | 0.005 ± 0.000 | 152.70 (68.1–267.1) | 400.30 (280.2–802.7) |
| C. perspectalis (fifth larval instars) | O. myriophilus | 72.18 | 0.000 | −0.68 ± 0.06 | 0.005 ± 0.00 | 74.53 (20.70–133.71) | 217.02 (150.92–438.99) |
| H. cunea (fourth larval instars) | O. myriophilus | 65.24 | 0.000 | −0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.005 ± 0.000 | 197.30 (110.0–339.1) | 470.90 (332.3–934.9) |
| H. cunea (fifth larval instars) | O. myriophilus | 78.00 | 0.000 | −0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.005 ± 0.000 | 99.94 (−20.4–211.27) | 346.47 (227.4–906.9) |
Morphometrics of Oscheius myriophilus (Poinar, 1986) recovered from Gilan province, north Iran, and comparison with data of the type population, the population from Australia and the population from Turkey
| This study | Type population studied by Poinar (1986) | Sudhaus and Schulte (1989) | Erbaş et al. (2017) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locality | Iran | California | Australia | Turkey | |||||
| Host insect | Galleria mellonella | Oxidis gracilis (Koch) | O. gracilis | Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (L.) | |||||
| Character | Male | Hermaphrodite | Infective larvae | Male | Hermaphrodite | Infective larvae | Male | Hermaphrodite | Infective larvae |
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 6 | – | – | – |
| L | 1,002.1 ± 61.3 | 1,020 ± 129.6 | 672.3 ± 71.4 | 1,270 | 1,320 | 564 | – | – | 630.2 ± 31.5 |
| (867–1,053) | (862–1,247) | (583–791) | (830–1,470) | (1,200–1,500) | (504–611) | (841–1,175) | (792–1,530) | (571.3–693.9) | |
| a | 15.3 ± 2.1 | 19.6 ± 2.1 | 24.2 ± 1.8 | – | – | – | – | – | 25 ± 2.2 |
| (13.2–18.7) | (17.0–22.7) | (21.0–27.9) | (18.4–21.9) | (19.1–21.3) | – | – | – | (20.5–28.5) | |
| b | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | – | – | – | 4.7 ± 0.2 | ||
| (4.8–5.5) | (5.0–6.9) | (4.6–5.7) | (5.16–7.36) | (6.8–7.7) | – | (4.0–6.1) | (4.2–8.5) | (4.3–5.2) | |
| c | 18.1 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | – | – | – | 9.3 ± 0.9 | ||
| (16.6–19.2) | (8.0–10.9) | (6.6–7.9) | (14.8–20.4) | (2.2–3.5) | – | (14.4–21.8) | (8.9–13.0) | (8.3–11.6) | |
| c' | 1.7 ± 0.07 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (1.5–1.8) | (4.1–5.7) | (5.1–6.6) | – | – | – | – | (3–4) | – | |
| V%= (distance from anterior end to vulva/L)×100 | – | 49.9 ± 2.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | (45.5–53.1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Stoma length | 17.5 ± 0.5 | 17.6 ± 0.8 | 16.1 ± 1.4 | 17 | 20 | – | – | – | – |
| (17–18) | (17–20) | (14–20) | (16–19) | (18–21) | – | – | (18–21) | – | |
| Stoma width | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | – | – | – | – |
| (3–4) | (4–4.5) | (2.5–4) | – | – | – | – | <4.5 | – | |
| Pharynx length | 196 ± 9.7 | 176.3 ± 17.1 | 134.5 ± 7.1 | 187 | 185 | 129 | – | – | 134.6 ± 3.2 |
| (180–208) | (144–200) | (125–145) | (161–200) | (174–193) | (120–136) | – | – | (128.8–139.8) | |
| Max. body diam. | 66.8 ± 11.5 | 52.3 ± 6.8 | 27.8 ± 3.4 | 63 | 62 | 23 | – | – | 25.4 ± 2.7 |
| (47–79) | (42–66) | (24–33) | (38–80) | (57–70) | (19–26) | (52–72) | (52–108) | (21.0–30.4) | |
| E pore from anterior end | 165.9 ± 11.1 | 149.3 ± 9.3 | 116.3 ± 4.6 | 198 | 179 | 107 | – | – | 108 ± 6.7 |
| (142–177) | (135–167) | (110–129) | (149–229) | (165–190) | (97–114) | – | – | (97.8–118.8) | |
| Nerve ring from anterior end | 126 ± 4.7 | 121.1 ± 9.7 | 94.5 ± 6.7 | 150 | 139 | 89 | – | – | 110.5 ± 4.9 |
| (118–130) | (105–135) | (83–105) | (117–165) | (126–146) | (83–96) | – | – | (100–116.8) | |
| Rectum length | – | 63.7 ± 4.8 | – | – | 79 | – | – | – | – |
| – | (55–80) | – | – | (56–96) | – | – | – | – | |
| Anal body diam. | 32.3 ± 1.8 | 21.7 ± 2.4 | 16.9 ± 0.9 | 39 | 25 | 15 | – | 32 | 12.3 ± 1 |
| (30–35) | (17–26) | (15–18) | (32–45) | (22–28) | (14–16) | – | – | (10.4–13.8) | |
| Tail | 55.3 ± 3.3 | 108.1 ± 9.8 | 93.7 ± 5.0 | 65 | 117 | 78 | – | – | 82.1 ± 6.2 |
| (52–60) | (90–126) | (85–100) | (56–72) | (108–135) | (75–80) | – | – | (72.2–92.2) | |
| Ratio of tail length to rectum | – | 1.7 ± 0.1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 | – |
| – | (1.1–1.8) | – | – | – | – | – | (1.4–2.3) | – | |
| Spicules length | 44.5 ± 3.8 | – | – | 47 | – | – | – | – | – |
| (38–49) | – | – | (32–54) | – | – | (27–39) | – | – | |
| Spicules width | 7.1 ± 0.3 | – | – | 10 | – | – | – | – | – |
| (7–8) | – | – | (8–11) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Gubernaculum length | 20.0 ± 1.0 | – | – | 28 | – | – | – | – | – |
| (18–21) | – | – | (19–32) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Gubernaculum width | 0.9 ± 0.09 | – | – | 0.87 | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.8–1.1) | – | – | (0.64–1.20) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| D%= (E pore from anterior end/Pharynx length) ×100 | 84.6 ± 3.7 | 85.1 ± 6.8 | 87.1 ± 3.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (78.8–90.5) | (76.3–100.0) | (82.5–94.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| E%= (E pore from anterior end/Tail) ×100 | 300.2 ± 16.8 | 138.7 ± 10.2 | 125.5 ± 5.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (273–323) | (124.3–160.0) | (118.0–136.3) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| SW%= (Spicules length/Anal body diam.) ×100 | 137.8 ± 8.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (126.6–150.0) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| GS%=(Gubernaculum length/Spicules length)×100 | 45.1 ± 2.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (41.6–48.8) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |