Morphological and molecular characters of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 from South Africa

Shokoohi, Ebrahim

Morphological and molecular characters of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 from South Africa

Journal of Nematology

Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)

By:

Ebrahim Shokoohi

Open Access

|Jan 2021

Figures & Tables

Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958. A: Neck. B: Anterior end (stylet and dgo). C: Superficial view of lip region. D: Female reproductive system. E, F: Female posterior end. G: Entire female.

Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 (light microscopy). A, D, G: Lip region. B, E, H: Female posterior end (arrow indicates anus). C, F, I: Entire female. [A-C: Rustenburg population; D-F: Parys population; G-I: Sovenga Hills population].

Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 (scanning electron microscopy). A: Neck. B-D: Lip region. E: Areolated lateral field at pharynx level. F: Normal lateral field at mid-body level. G, I: Female posterior end. H: Vaginal region.

PCA analysis of S. brachyurus populations.

The Bayesian tree inferred from known and newly sequenced S. brachyurus from South Africa based on 28 S rDNA region.

The Bayesian tree inferred from known and newly sequenced S. brachyurus from South Africa based on COI of mtDNA region.

Measurements of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 from South Africa_

Locality	Rustenburg	Parys	Sovenga Hills
n	8 ♀♀	8 ♀♀	8 ♀♀
L	736.2 ± 38.7 (696–792)	798.5 ± 16.8 (781–826)	815.6 ± 74.4 (717–904)
a	25.6 ± 0.3 (25.1–25.8)	30.8 ± 1.6 (28.5–32.3)	32.1 ± 1.6 (29.9–33.5)
b	5.4 ± 0.4 (5.0–5.8)	5.7 ± 0.1 (5.6–5.9)	6.2 ± 0.7 (5.4–7.2)
b'	6.9 ± 0.5 (6.5–7.6)	6.5 ± 0.6 (5.9–7.2)	8.0 ± 1.1 (6.8–9.5)
c	54.1 ± 4.0 (49.7–59.4)	58.9 ± 10.7 (48.9–72.5)	70.7 ± 4.2 (65.3–75.3)
c'	0.7 ± 0.0 (0.7)	0.8 ± 0.2 (0.6–0.9)	0.6 ± 0.1 (0.5–0.7)
V	57.2 ± 2.0 (55–60)	58.1 ± 0.5 (57.6–58.5)	56.8 ± 0.9 (56–58)
Lip region diameter	9.0 ± 0.9 (7–10)	8.4 ± 0.6 (7.8–9.1)	8.3 ± 0.3 (8.0–8.6)
Lip region height	5.3 ± 0.4 (4.7–5.5)	5.4 ± 0.5 (5–6)	5.6 ± 0.3 (5–6)
Conus length	9.5 ± 1.0 (9–11)	10.7 ± 0.5 (10–11)	10.3 ± 1.0 (9–11)
Shaft length	11.3 ± 1.2 (10–12)	11.6 ± 0.5 (11–12)	12.3 ± 1.0 (11–13)
Stylet knob height	2.7 ± 0.2 (2–3)	3.0 ± 0.4 (2–3)	2.7 ± 0.3 (2–3)
Stylet knob width	4.3 ± 0.7 (3.5–5.2)	5.2 ± 0.3 (4.8–5.4)	4.3 ± 1.0 (3.3–5.2)
Stylet length	23.4 ± 1.9 (21–27)	25.8 ± 1.0 (25–27)	25.5 ± 1.3 (24–27)
DGO	4.8 ± 0.5 (4–5)	4.6 ± 0.5 (4–5)	5.1 ± 0.5 (4.5–5.5)
m	41.9 ± 2.2 (39–44)	41.4 ± 1.2 (40–42)	41.1 ± 3.6 (37–44)
o	20.4 ± 2.8 (19–22)	17.8 ± 2.1 (15–20)	19.7 ± 3.3 (17–22)
Median bulb length	13.1 ± 1.9 (11–15)	12.7 ± 0.6 (12–13)	12.8 ± 2.5 (10–16)
Median bulb diameter	9.8 ± 1.0 (8.5–10)	9.2 ± 0.7 (8.7–10)	9.5 ± 1.3 (8–11)
Median bulb valve length	3.0 ± 1.0 (2–4)	2.9 ± 0.9 (2–4)	3.3 ± 0.7 (2.5–3.9)
Median bulb valve width	1.5 ± 0.3 (1.1–1.7)	1.2 ± 0.3 (1.0–1.4)	1.5 ± 0.5 (1.0–1.8)
Median bulb to anterior end	72.5 ± 0.6 (72–73)	74.3 ± 2.5 (72–77)	76.0 ± 3.6 (72–79)
Pharynx length	105.0 ± 12.1 (91–114)	108.0 ± 1.4 (107–110)	104.0 ± 2.2 (102–106)
Pharyngeal overlap	29.8 ± 2.2 (27–32)	24.0 ± 3.6 (21–28)	28.5 ± 3.9 (24–33)
Nerve ring to anterior end	89.0 ± 4.8 (86–96)	101.3 ± 8.3 (92–108)	95.3 ± 6.8 (90–105)
Excretory pore to anterior end	113.6 ± 5.1 (106–116)	118.5 ± 1.7 (117–121)	111.0 ± 6.2 (104–116)
Neck length (stoma + pharynx)	137.5 ± 9.4 (121–148)	140.3 ± 2.6 (138–144)	135.2 ± 7.1 (125–144)
Neck base diameter	24.0 ± 2.6 (22–27)	22.8 ± 1.7 (21–25)	23.7 ± 1.5 (22–25)
Mid-body diameter	28.3 ± 1.0 (27–29)	25.8 ± 1.5 (25–28)	25.8 ± 1.3 (24–26)
Anal body diameter	19.1 ± 0.9 (17–21)	17.2 ± 0.8 (16–18)	18.4 ± 1.5 (16–20)
Annulus width	1.4 ± 0.2 (1.3–1.6)	1.4 ± 0.2 (1.2–1.7)	1.3 ± 0.1 (1.2–1.4)
Lateral field width	4.9 ± 0.5 (4.5–5.6)	4.9 ± 1.3 (4.0–5.8)	4.5 ± 0.7 (3.8–5.2)
Vagina length	11.5 ± 1.0 (11–13)	12.0 ± 0.8 (11–13)	11.0 ± 0.8 (10–12)
Anterior genital branch length	115.9 ± 16.4 (104–128)	–	156.0 (n = 1)
Posterior genital branch length	139.8 ± 7.4 (135–145)	–	–
Spermatheca length	11, 12 (n = 2)	–	–
Spermatheca width	9.0, 10 (n = 2)	–	–
Scutellum width	3.9 ± 0.6 (3.2–4.4)	2.8 ± 1.0 (2.1–4.3)	3.4 ± 0.9 (2.6–4.4)
hyaline length	3.5 ± 0.7 (2.8–4.6)	2.9 ± 0.6 (2.0–3.4)	2.8 ± 0.7 (2.2–3.6)
Tail length	12.8 ± 1.4 (10.5–14.0)	14.4 ± 2.4 (11–17)	13.2 ± 3.4 (10–19)

Genetic pairwise distance estimating for type A and B of different populations of S_ brachyurus (numbers 1–12) and S_ clavicaudatum (numbers 13–17)_

Seq number	Accession number	Country	type	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1	MW504475	South Africa	A		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
2	KX959260	USA	A	0.02		0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
3	KU059494	USA	A	0.02	0.01		0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
4	JX472047	USA	A	0.03	0.02	0.02		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
5	DQ328753	USA	A	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
6	EU280787	USA	A	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
7	FJ485645	USA	A	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
8	MW504474	South Africa	B	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
9	MW504476	South Africa	B	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.01		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
10	JX472057	South Africa	B	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.01		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
11	JX472056	South Africa	B	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.00		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
12	JX472048	South Africa	B	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
13	KX959268	South Africa	–	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06		0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
14	KX959267	South Africa	–	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.01		0.01	0.01	0.01
15	KX959269	South Africa	–	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.02	0.02		0.01	0.01
16	KX959266	South Africa	–	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04		0.00
17	KX959265	South Africa	–	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.01

Factor score for different populations of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 and S_ clavicaudatum_

Observation	F1	F2
S. brachyurus; South Africa; present study	−1.167	−0.680
S. brachyurus; Rwanda; Nyiragatare, 2014	−1.890	−2.663
S. brachyurus; USA; Sher, 1964	2.978	−1.170
S. brachyurus; South Africa; Van den Berg and Heyns, 1973	−0.209	1.312
S. brachyurus; Belgium; Nguyen et al., 2019	3.209	−1.150
S. brachyurus; Greece; Tzortzakakis et al., 2016	0.692	0.265
S. brachyurus; South Africa; Van den Berg et al., 2013	−0.920	−0.684
S. brachyurus; USA; Van den Berg et al., 2013	1.747	3.554
S. clavicaudatum; South Africa; Van den Berg et al., 2017	−4.440	1.216

Loading factor of the variables of different populations of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958_

	F1	F2
L	−0.847	−0.076
a	0.054	−0.703
b	−0.043	−0.472
b'	−0.730	0.284
c	0.735	−0.008
c'	−0.192	−0.842
V	0.957	0.196
m	0.696	0.024
o	0.913	−0.120
Stylet L	−0.371	0.476
DGO	0.816	0.119
Excretory pore to ant. end	0.272	−0.247
Neck length	−0.433	0.383
Maximum body diameter	0.116	0.931
Anal body diameter	−0.640	0.396
Tail length	−0.690	−0.535

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-027 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 13

Published on: Jan 1, 2021

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 times per year

Keywords:

mtDNA,

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© 2021 Ebrahim Shokoohi, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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Morphological and molecular characters of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 from South Africa

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Measurements of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 from South Africa_

Genetic pairwise distance estimating for type A and B of different populations of S_ brachyurus (numbers 1–12) and S_ clavicaudatum (numbers 13–17)_

Factor score for different populations of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958 and S_ clavicaudatum_

Loading factor of the variables of different populations of Scutellonema brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958_

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