Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Polymerase chain reaction steps used for amplification of the SSU and LSU rDNA genes_
| 35 cycles | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primers | Initial denaturation | Denaturation | Annealing | Extension | Final extension |
| SSU F04/SSU R26 | 94°C 3 min | 94°C 45 sec | 54°C 45 sec | 72°C 45 sec | 72°C 6 min |
| D2A/D3B | 94°C 3 min | 94°C 45 sec | 56°C 45 sec | 72°C 45 sec | 72°C 6 min |
Morphometrics of two populations of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 females and males found in compost heaps in Potchefstroom, South Africa_
| Population 1 | Population 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Female (n = 7) | Male (n = 10) | Female (n = 3) | Male (n = 2) |
| L | 1,315 ± 90.2 (1,166-1,397) | 1,193 ± 110.1 (1,082-1,365) | 1,423.0* | –, 1,399 |
| L′ | 979 ± 75.2 (880-1,086) | 887 ± 68.2 (783-1,009) | 1,140 ± 69.7 (1,093-1,220) | 1,148, 1,136 |
| a | 44.5 ± 2.7 (40.8-47.6) | 47.6 ± 6.0 (37.5-54.2) | 39.9* | –, 43.4 |
| a′ | 32.5 ± 2.2 (30.2-35.3) | 35.3 ± 3.3 (29.3-39.6) | 32.8 ± 1.9 (31.0-34.8) | 36.8, 35.3 |
| b | 5.3 ± 0.4 (4.7-5.8) | 5.2 ± 0.2 (4.9-5.4) | 5.5* | –, 5.4 |
| b′ | 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.5-4.1) | 3.9 ± 0.2 (3.5-4.3) | 4.3 ± 0.2 (4.1-4.5) | 4.8, 4.4 |
| c | 4.6 ± 0.9 (4.0-6.0) | 3.9 ± 0.4 (3.4-4.6) | 4.5* | –, 5.3 |
| c′ | 14.5 ± 2.0 (11.7-16.3) | 13.5 ± 3.1 (8.7-16.9) | 13.3* | –, 9.2 |
| V/T | 45.7 ± 1.3 (43.5-46.6) | 39.2 ± 3.2 (36.3-44.4) | 45.3* | –, 50.2 |
| G1 | 12.6 ± 1.4 (11.4-14.8) | – | 13.0* | –, – |
| G2 | 12.4 ± 0.9 (11.5-13.5) | – | 13.8* | –, – |
| Body width at midbody | 31 ± 3.1 (26-35) | 25 ± 2.9 (20-30) | 35 ± 1.1 (34-36) | 31, 32 |
| Labial region diameter | 19 ± 1.9 (18-23) | 17 ± 1.7 (14-20) | 19 ± 0.7 (18-19) | 18, 19 |
| Cephalic setae length | 8 ± 0.7 (8-9) | 8 ± 0.9 (7-10) | 7 ± 0.5 (7-8) | 7, 7 |
| Length of stoma | 26 ± 1.5 (23-28) | 24 ± 1.7 (21-27) | 27 ± 0.6 (27-28) | 26, 26 |
| Stoma width | 11 ± 1.1 (9-13) | 10 ± 1.3 (8-12) | 12 ± 0.9 (12-13) | 12, 12 |
| Cheilostom length | 12 ± 0.8 (11-13) | 10 ± 2.2 (5-13) | 14 ± 1.6 (12-15) | 13, 12 |
| Gymnostom length | 7 ± 1.0 (6-9) | 7 ± 2.0 (5-10) | 6 ± 0.4 (6-7) | 6, 6 |
| Stegostom length | 7 ± 1.1 (6-9) | 5 ± 1.1 (4-7) | 7 ± 0.8 (6-8) | 7, 8 |
| Dorsal tooth length | 9 ± 1.2 (7-10) | 7 ± 0.9 (6-8) | 7 ± 0.7 (6-7) | 9, 7 |
| Subventral tooth length | 5 ± 0.9 (4-6) | 4 ± 0.4 (4-5) | 5 ± 0.7 (4-5) | 5, 4 |
| Corpus (procorpus and metacorpus) | 137 ± 3.2 (133-141) | 125 ± 7.2 (113-140) | 144 ± 2.5 (142-147) | 138, 134 |
| Postcorpus (isthmus and basal bulb) | 115 ± 5.3 (107-120) | 102 ± 8.6 (86-118) | 121 ± 5.2 (116-126) | 102, 125 |
| Pharynx (anterior end to base of basal bulb) | 252 ± 8.1 (241-262) | 227 ± 15.3 (199-258) | 265 ± 6.4 (258-269) | 240, 259 |
| Excretory pore from anterior | 191 ± 45.4 (163-243) | 156 ± 9.4 (146-171) | 157 ± 2.5 (155-158) | –, 173 |
| Nerve ring from anterior | 140 ± 6.3 (133-149) | 123 ± 10.6 (100-140) | 146 ± 3.5 (143-150) | 138, 134 |
| Metacorpus width | 22 ± 2.5 (19-26) | 20 ± 1.2 (18-22) | 28 ± 3.7 (25-32) | 20, 23 |
| Basal bulb width | 22 ± 2.6 (18-25) | 18 ± 1.5 (16-21) | 27 ± 0.6 (27-28) | 18, 22 |
| Cardia length | 9 ± 1.3 (8-12) | 9 ± 3.1 (6-14) | – | 7, – |
| Anterior genital tract length | 166 ± 27.8 (129-205) | – | 196 ± 11.8 (185-209) | – |
| Posterior genital tract length | 157 ± 15.2 (133-184) | – | 188 ± 7.1 (182-196) | – |
| Body width at vulva | 31 ± 3.2 (26-36) | – | 35 ± 1.5 (34-36) | – |
| Vulva from anterior end | 608 ± 42.5 (542-671) | – | 683 ± 49.5 (645-739) | – |
| Vulva-anus distance | 376 ± 32.1 (338-415) | – | 457 ± 27.2 (427-481) | – |
| Vagina length | 12 ± 2.5 (10-16) | – | 14 ± 2.1 (12-16) | – |
| Rectum length | 32 ± 2.6 (29-36) | – | 31 ± 5.3 (28-37) | – |
| Body width at anus/cloaca | 20 ± 1.6 (18-22) | 24 ± 3.2 (19-28) | 24 ± 0.4 (24-25) | 26, 29 |
| Testis length | – | 496 ± 72.0 (392-589) | – | 607, 703 |
| Spicules length | – | 40 ± 2.7 (36-43) | – | 39, 43 |
| Gubernaculum length | – | 27 ± 2.6 (23-31) | – | 30, 29 |
| Tail length | 290 ± 46.4 (225-325) | 310 ± 43.2 (242-356) | 317.0 | –, 263 |
| Phasmid posterior to anus | 29 ± 1.5 (28-31) | 36 ± 4.3 (30-44) | – | –, 37 |