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First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota

Journal of Nematology
Volume 53 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)
By:
Open Access
|Jan 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.
Photomicrographs of second-stage juveniles (J2) and cysts of Cactodera milleri from Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. A, B: J2 anterior ends; C, D: J2 tails; E: J2 lateral field; F: Cyst posterior (ventral view); G: Cyst cone mount.

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 995 bp alignment of ITS 1 and 2 rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Punctodera chalcoensis as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold. Cactodera chenipodiae marked with an asterisk (*) reflect corrected identifications as described in Escobar-Avilia et al. (2020).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other select cyst nematodes, as inferred from a 659 bp alignment of 28S rDNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Betulodera betulae as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO and MN with other Heteroderidae, as inferred from a 2340 bp alignment of Hsp90 genomic DNA, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Helicotylenchus digonicus as the outgroup. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Figure 5:

Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cactodera milleri from CO with other select Cactodera species nematodes, as inferred from a 358 bp alignment of mitochondrial COI, according to the GTR + I + G model of nucleotide substitution and incorporated into MB as described. A 50% majority rule consensus tree was generated with posterior probabilities (PP) shown on appropriate branches (expressed as percent), with Rhizonemella sp. and Cryphodera sinensis as the outgroups. New sequences are indicated in bold.

Primers used for molecular analysis of Cactodera spp_

PrimerSequence (5′→3′)MarkerReferences
D2AACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG28S rDNADe Ley et al. (2005)
D3BTCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA
TW81GTTTCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCITS rDNAJoyce et al. (1994)
AB28ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCGGGT
JB3TTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTATCOI mtDNABowles et al. (1992)
JB4.5TAAAGAAAGAACATAATGAAAATG
U288GAYACVGGVATYGGNATGACYAAHsp90Skantar and Carta (2004)
L1110TCRCARTTVTCCATGATRAAVAC
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-017 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 7
Published on: Jan 1, 2021
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Cyst nematode,
Molecular markers,
Hsp90,
Ribosomal,
Cytochrome oxidase I
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2021 Andrea M. Skantar, Zafar A. Handoo, Mihail R. Kantor, Saad L. Hafez, Maria N. Hult, Kathryn Kromroy, Kimberly Sigurdson, Michelle Grabowski, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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