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First morphological and molecular identification of third-stage larvae of Anisakis typica (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from marine fishes in Vietnamese water

Open Access
|Jan 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Study sites along the seashore of Vietnam. Three localities where fishes were infected with Anisakis larvae are print in bold.
Study sites along the seashore of Vietnam. Three localities where fishes were infected with Anisakis larvae are print in bold.

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of Anisakis typica larva. A. Whole larva; B. Anterior part of the body showing a long ventriculus; C. Anterior part of the body showing a boring tooth; D. Posterior end of the body showing a mucron.
Light micrographs of Anisakis typica larva. A. Whole larva; B. Anterior part of the body showing a long ventriculus; C. Anterior part of the body showing a boring tooth; D. Posterior end of the body showing a mucron.

Figure 3:

Scanning electron micrographs of Anisakis typica larva. A. Anterior end showing a mouth and a boring tooth; B. Posterior end showing a mucron.
Scanning electron micrographs of Anisakis typica larva. A. Anterior end showing a mouth and a boring tooth; B. Posterior end showing a mucron.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of Anisakis typica from Vietnam and other Anisakis species. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap values are shown above the nodes. The nucleotide sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold, and others from the GenBank database are shown with Accession No., species name, and two letter country code of their geographical origin (AU: Australia, BR: Brazil, CN: China, DK: Denmark, GL: Greenland, IN: Indonesia, IE: Ireland, JP: Japan, MU: Mauritius, NO: Norway, PG: Papua New Guinea, PL: Poland, PT: Portugal, TH: Thailand, TR: Turkey, US: United States of America, VN: Vietnam).
Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of Anisakis typica from Vietnam and other Anisakis species. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap values are shown above the nodes. The nucleotide sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold, and others from the GenBank database are shown with Accession No., species name, and two letter country code of their geographical origin (AU: Australia, BR: Brazil, CN: China, DK: Denmark, GL: Greenland, IN: Indonesia, IE: Ireland, JP: Japan, MU: Mauritius, NO: Norway, PG: Papua New Guinea, PL: Poland, PT: Portugal, TH: Thailand, TR: Turkey, US: United States of America, VN: Vietnam).

Prevalence of Anisakis larvae infection in marine fishes in Vietnamese water_

LocalityNo. of fish examinedNo. of fish speciesInfected fish speciesNo. of infected/examined fish (%)Density
Quang Ninh615620
Hai Phong478410
Nam Dinh122230
Nghe An303500
Quang Binh520750
Hue211280
Khanh Hoa76682 Dcapterus macarellus 10/20 (50.0)1-19
Trichiurus lepturus 6/20 (30.0)1-5
Sargocentron rubrum 1/10 (10.0)1
Lutjanus johnii 1/10 (10.0)1
Megalaspis cordyla 2/12 (16.7)1; 3
Priacanthus hamrur 1/8 (12.5)2
Pristipomoides filamentosus 3/10 (30.0)1; 1; 1
Vung Tau406 Megalaspis cordyla 1/5 (20.0)6
Bac Lieu39058 Carangoides malabaricus 1/10 (10.0)1
Kien Giang330630
Total37751388 1-19

Intermediate fish hosts of Anisakis typica in the World and in Vietnam_

No.Host speciesLocalitiesReferences
1 Sotalia guianensis
2 Auxis thazard
3 Thunnus thynnus Brazil Coast
4 Pseudopercis numida
5 Trachurus picturatus
6 Scomber japonicus Portugal Mattiucci et al. (2002), Marques et al. (2006), Pantoja et al. (2015)
7 Platichthys flesus
8 Scomberomorus commerson
9 Euthynnus affinis
10 Sarda orientalis Somalia
11 Coryphaena hippurus
12 Stenella attenuata
13 Globicephala macrorhynchus Florida Mattiucci et al. (2005)
14 Scomber scombrus
15 Merluccius merluccius North Africa Farjallah et al. (2008)
16 Phycis phycis
Scomber japonicus Turkey Pekmezci et al. (2014)
17 Micromesistius poutassou
Trichiurus spp.Japan Umehara et al. (2010)
Scomber japonicus Suzuki et al. (2010)
18 Trichiurus lepturus Korea Lee et al. (2009)
19 Todarodes pacificus
20 Astroconger myriaster Cho et al. (2015)
21 Decapterus macarellus
22 Gerres oblongus
23 Pinjalo lewisi
24 Pinjalo pinjalo Papua New Guinea Koinari et al. (2013)
25 Selar crumenophthalmus
26 Scomberomorus maculatus
27 Thunnus albacares
28 Auxis rochei rochei Indonexia Palm et al. (2008)
29 Decapterus russelli
30 Nemipterus hexodon Thailand Tunya et al. (2020)
31 Nemipterus japonicus
32 Scomber australasicus Taiwan Umehara et al. (2010), Sonko et al. (2019)
Trichiurus lepturus
1 Carangoides malabaricus
2 Dcapterus macarellus
3 Sargocentron rubrum
4 Lutjanus johnii VietnamIn this study
5 Megalaspis cordyla
6 Priacanthus hamrur
7 Pristipomoides filamentosus
Trichiurus lepturus
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-010 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 9
Published on: Jan 1, 2021
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 Hoang Van Hien, Bui Thi Dung, Ha Duy Ngo, Pham Ngoc Doanh, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.