Nematicide influence on cotton yield and plant-parasitic nematodes in conventional and sod-based crop rotation

1 Notes: aC1 and C2 are first and second-year conventional cotton, respectively. CS is sod-based cotton. P and PS are conventional and sod-based peanut, respectively. B1 and B2 are first and second-year bahiagrass, respectively. Phases in italic were included in the study in 2017 and 2018.

Table 2.

Cotton planting, nematode sampling, cotton harvest, and irrigation dates in 2017 and 2018.

	2017	2018
Cotton planting	April 28	April 27
Soil sampling^a
Preplant (Pi)	April 13	April 19
Midseason (Pm)	June 19	June 22
Harvest (Pf)	September 25	September 25
Root sampling	June 19	June 22
Cotton harvest	October 17	October 8
Irrigation events^b	May 10	May 12
	July 5	June 26
	August 2	July 12
	August 25	July 18

1 Notes: ^aPi, Pm, and Pf are nematode sampling events before planting, at midseason (52 and 56 days after planting in 2017 and 2018), and at harvest (150 and 151 days after planting in 2017 and 2018), respectively.

^bAmount of water per irrigation event was 1.5 cm.

Table 3.

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on Rotylenchulus reniformis in 2017 and 2018.

Total Rotylenchulus reniformis population density
	2017				2018
	Pi^a	Pm	Pf	Rf	Pi	Pm	Pf	Rf
ANOVA (p-values)
Irrigation (I)	0.76	0.75	0.61	0.61	0.27	0.49	0.25	0.21
Crop phase (C)	< 0.01**	< 0.01**	< 0.01**	0.02*	< 0.01**	< 0.01**	< 0.01**	< 0.01**
I × C	0.35	0.46	0.02*	0.79	0.05*	0.82	0.39	0.16
Nematicide (N)	0.96	0.47	0.13	0.78	0.01**	0.22	0.13	0.78
I × N	0.89	0.70	0.22	0.62	0.10	0.72	0.53	0.16
C × N	0.18	0.75	0.84	0.50	0.29	0.90	0.74	0.41
I × C × N	0.67	0.80	0.65	0.90	0.18	0.84	0.53	0.34
Ratio of Rotylenchulus reniformis immature females and juveniles: males
	2017				2018
	Pi^a	Pm	Pf		Pi	Pm	Pf
ANOVA (p-values)
Irrigation (I)	0.11	0.34	0.15		0.11	0.46	0.19
Crop phase (C)	0.05*	0.18	0.01**		0.02*	0.28	0.03*
I × C	0.93	0.38	0.92		0.10	0.36	0.43
Nematicide (N)	0.95	0.61	< 0.01**		0.40	0.56	0.75
I × N	0.18	0.84	0.08		0.37	0.43	0.95
C × N	0.87	0.50	0.02*		0.72	0.64	0.83
I × C × N	0.97	0.37	0.06		0.43	0.73	0.94

1 Notes: ^aPi, Pm, and Pf are p-values for mean nematode population densities (per 100 cm³ soil) prior to planting, at midseason (52 and 56 days after planting in 2017 and 2018), and at harvest (150 and 151 days after planting in 2017 and 2018), respectively. Rf is reproduction factor (Pf/Pi).

* and ** represent significant effects at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively.

Reniform nematode (*Rotylenchulus reniformis*) population density (nematodes/100 cm³ soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

Table 4.

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on Mesocriconema ornatum and Helicotylenchus dihystera in 2017 and 2018.

Mesocriconema ornatum population density
		2017				2018
	Pi^a	Pm	Pf	Rf	Pi	Pm	Pf	Rf
ANOVA (p values)
Irrigation (I)	0.14	0.19	0.29	0.96	< 0.01**	0.43	0.97	0.76
Crop phase (C)	< 0.01**	0.02*	< 0.01**	0.21	< 0.01**	0.05*	0.76	0.03*
I × C	0.04*	0.72	0.30	0.32	0.58	0.84	0.88	0.76
Nematicide (N)	0.71	0.66	0.53	0.81	0.31	0.22	0.30	0.13
I × N	0.68	0.42	0.15	0.98	0.78	0.10	0.27	0.74
C × N	0.97	0.54	0.52	0.55	0.15	0.42	0.97	0.13
I × C × N	0.34	0.87	0.63	0.42	0.99	0.25	0.55	0.76
Helicotylenchus dihystera population density
		2017				2018
	Pi^a	Pm	Pf	Rf	Pi	Pm	Pf	Rf
ANOVA (p values)
Irrigation (I)	0.33	0.60	0.93	0.31	0.06	0.28	0.22	0.36
Crop phase (C)	0.56	0.03*	0.19	0.90	0.07	0.15	0.04*	0.43
I × C	0.85	0.34	0.98	0.60	0.57	0.50	0.56	0.39
Nematicide (N)	0.02*	0.10	< 0.01**	0.75	0.02*	0.01**	< 0.01**	0.42
I × N	0.07	0.64	0.52	0.39	0.57	0.44	0.03*	0.50
C × N	0.42	0.01**	0.06	0.25	0.25	0.06	0.02*	0.28
I × C × N	0.64	0.09	0.29	0.37	0.40	0.15	0.09	0.24

* and ** represent significant effects at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively.

Ring nematode (*Mesocriconema ornatum*) population density (nematodes/100 cm³ soil) as influenced by crop phase in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. Different letters denote significant differences between crop phases (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

Spiral nematode (*Helicotylenchus dihystera*) population density (nematodes/100 cm³ soil) as influenced by nematicide application in 2017 and 2018 soil samples. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to the absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. *indicates significant nematicide effect within the given season (p ≤ 0.05).

Table 5.

Effects of irrigation, crop phase, and nematicide application on cotton seed yield and lint yield (kg/ha).

	2017^a		2018
	Seed yield	Lint yield	Seed yield	Lint yield
ANOVA (p values)
Irrigation (I)	0.50	0.32	0.06	0.31
Crop phase (C)	0.01**	0.01**	0.19	0.41
I × C	0.64	0.72	0.53	0.62
Nematicide (N)	< 0.01**	< 0.01**	0.03*	0.06
I × N	0.81	0.79	0.40	0.65
C × N	0.01**	0.09	0.05*	0.07
I × C × N	0.45	0.58	0.07	0.22

1 Notes: ^a p-values for means at harvest (kg/ha).

* and ** represent significant effects at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively.

Cotton seed yield (kg/ha) in 2017 and 2018. CS is the cotton phase of the sod-based rotation, C1 is first-year conventional cotton, and C2 is second-year conventional cotton. With nematicide and without nematicide refer to absence or presence of fluopyram, respectively. Different letters denote significant differences between nematicide treatments within crop phase (Fisher’s protected LSD, p ≤ 0.05).

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-034 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X

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Language: English

Page range: 1 - 14

Submitted on: Oct 10, 2019

Published on: Apr 16, 2020

Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Cotton,

Plant-parasitic nematodes,

Reniform nematode,

Ring,

Rotylenchulus reniformis ,

Spiral

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Life sciences, other

© 2020 Lesley A. Schumacher, Zane J. Grabau, David L. Wright, Ian M. Small, Hui-Ling Liao, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

Nematicide influence on cotton yield and plant-parasitic nematodes in conventional and sod-based crop rotation

Figures & Tables

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Figure 2:

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Table 5.

Figure 4:

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