Figure 1:
Acrobeloides saeedi (isolate KMW) (Siddiqi et al., 1992) (line drawing). A: adult neck region; B: anterior end; C: female reproductive system; D: entire male; E: entire female; F: female posterior end; G: male posterior end; H: lateral field.
Figure 2:
Acrobeloides saeedi (Siddiqi et al., 1992) (light microscopy). A: neck (arrow pointing the excretory pore); B: stoma; C: intestinal cardiac part with bacteria; D: entire female; E, F: vagina region in lateral and ventral views, respectively (black arrows pointing the vaginal glands, white arrow pointing the postvulval uterine sac); G: vulva; H: entire male; I: female posterior end; J: male posterior end; K: testis.
Figure 3:
Acrobeloides saeedi (Siddiqi et al., 1992) (scanning electron microscopy). A-B: male lip region (arrows pointing the amphids); C-F: female lip region.
Figure 4:
Acrobeloides saeedi (Siddiqi et al., 1992) (scanning electron microscopy). A: cuticle at excretory pore level (arrow); B, C, F, G: male posterior end in left lateral (B, F) and ventral (C, G) views (black arrows pointing the genital papillae, white arrows pointing the phasmids); D: lateral fields (arrows pointing the longitudinal incisures); E: female posterior end (arrow pointing the phasmid).
Table 1.
Morphometric data for Acrobeloides saeedi KMW isolated from Galleria culture.
| Characters | Female | Male | Juvenile |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 20 | 27 |
| Total body length | 1387 ± 63 (1307–1566) | 987 ± 89 (812–1156) | 653 ± 20 (626–704) |
| a | 14.8 ± 1.4 (12.8–17.4) | 21 ± 2.7 (13.0–24.0) | 22 ± 1.7 (19.6–28.0) |
| b | 7.8 ± 0.7 (6.9–10.0) | 5.9 ± 0.6 (4.7–7.0) | 4.4 ± 0.2 (4.0–5.0) |
| c | 26 ± 2.2 (22.0–33.0) | 25 ± 2.7 (21.0–30.0) | 17 ± 1.2 (15.0–21.0) |
| c’ | 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.3) | 1.7 ± 0.2 (1.2–2.2) | 2.0 ± 0.2 (1.4–2.6) |
| V | 70 ± 2.1 (66–74) | – | – |
| Lip length | 5.0 ± 0.6 (4–7) | 4.6 ± 0.8 (3–6) | 4.3 ± 0.7 (3–6) |
| Lip region width | 8.9 ± 0.8 (8–11) | 6.3 ± 0.7 (5–8) | 5.0 ± 0.5 (4–5) |
| Stoma length | 12.9 ± 2.2 (9–15) | 14.6 ± 1.9 (11–17) | 12 ± 1.6 (7–14) |
| Pharyngeal corpus length | 108 ± 8.1 (88–124) | 93 ± 8.9 (81–108) | 82 ± 7.4 (69–99) |
| Isthmus length | 37 ± 4.4 (28–46) | 35 ± 6.0 (28–50) | 29 ± 4.4 (21–37) |
| Basal bulb length | 39 ± 4.9 (31–53) | 34 ± 3.4 (28–41) | 24 ± 1.5 (21–27) |
| Pharynx length | 184 ± 11.1 (159–202) | 161 ± 12.9 (142–181) | 136 ± 7.8 (116–149) |
| Nerve ring – ant. end | 113 ± 14 (91–151) | 106 ± 10.2 (88–129) | 94 ± 8.4 (76–109) |
| Excretory pore – ant. end | 138 ± 11.0 (112–157) | 129 ± 12.4 (112–165) | 111 ± 8.9 (94–127) |
| Deirid – ant. end | 155 ± 13.4 (130–178) | 128 ± 11.9 (111–156) | – |
| Neck length | 191 ± 9.7 (168–208) | 181 ± 12.8 (156–203) | 162 ± 12.4 (130–181) |
| Body diam. at midbody | 95 ± 10.0 (80–112) | 49 ± 7.7 (40–73) | 30 ± 2.1 (24–33) |
| Ovary length | 542 ± 60 (401–652) | – | – |
| Spermatheca length | 49 ± 9.8 (33–61) | – | – |
| Uterus length | 280 ± 46 (211–376) | – | – |
| Postvulval uterine sac length | 100 ± 11.3 (85–112) | – | – |
| Vagina length | 26 ± 6.2 (17–35) | – | – |
| Body diam. at vulval level | 84 ± 5.7 (74–93) | – | – |
| Vulva – anterior end | 976 ± 36 (896–1046) | – | – |
| Rectum length | 24 ± 5.5 (12–32) | – | 19.5 ± 2.1 (14–22) |
| Body diam. at anus | 31 ± 3.4 (22–39) | 24 ± 3.3 (18–34) | 20 ± 2.7 (16–31) |
| Tail length | 54 ± 4.1 (44–62) | 39 ± 3.5 (34–48) | 40 ± 2.9 (31–45) |
| Phasmid to anus distance | 30 ± 3.4 (26–35) | 28 ± 3.9 (21–36) | – |
| Spicules length | – | 48 ± 4.2 (41–54) | – |
| Gubernaculum length | – | 25 ± 2.8 (21–30) | – |
Table 2.
Morphometric data for Acrobeloides saeedi DH1 isolated from Galleria culture.
| Characters | Female | Male | Juveniles |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 20 | 27 |
| Total body length | 1271 ± 112 (1060–1446) | 959 ± 74 (798–1144) | 474 ± 54 (404–636) |
| a | 14.1 ± 1.3 (11.5–16.6) | 20 ± 1.8 (17.1–24.0) | 21 ± 3.5 (15.3–28.0) |
| b | 6.9 ± 0.4 (6.1–7.8) | 5.0 ± 0.3 (4.2–5.6) | 3.8 ± 0.36 (3.2–4.9) |
| c | 27 ± 2.2 (22.0–30.0) | 27 ± 3.0 (22–34) | 13 ± 2.3 (5.7–17.6) |
| c' | 1.7 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.4) | 1.6 ± 0.1 (1.3–1.8) | 2.7 ± 0.7 (2.0–6.1) |
| V | 71 ± 3.6 (60–77) | – | – |
| Lip length | 4.8 ± 0.7 (3–6) | 3.8 ± 0.5 (3–5) | 2.8 ± 0.5 (2–4) |
| Lip region width | 7.8 ± 1.4 (5–10) | 6.3 ± 0.7 (5–8) | 5.1 ± 0.7 (4–7) |
| Stoma length | 13.1 ± 1.2 (11–16) | 12.2 ± 1.6 (8–15) | 10.4 ± 1.9 (8–15) |
| Pharyngeal corpus | 107 ± 9.8 (86–125) | 113 ± 6.7 (99–123) | 85 ± 8.8 (64–100) |
| Isthmus | 26 ± 4.5 (16–34) | 28 ± 4.4 (21–36) | 18.2 ± 4.0 (9–27) |
| Basal bulb length | 37 ± 3.6 (30–43) | 34 ± 4.1 (26–40) | 21 ± 2.9 (16–30) |
| Pharynx length | 170 ± 10.3 (155–188) | 174 ± 8.4 (146–184) | 122 ± 11.9 (105–142) |
| Nerve ring – ant. end | 112 ± 6.6 (98–124) | 131 ± 8.0 (114–143) | 82 ± 9.1 (65–102) |
| Excretory pore – ant. end | 134 ± 12.6 (115–161) | 157 ± 12.5 (141–192) | 95 ± 11.8 (77–123) |
| Deirid – ant. end | 127 ± 17.3 (95–159) | 125 ± 7.5 (105–139) | ? |
| Neck length | 184 ± 10.2 (170–202) | 191 ± 8.1 (175–207) | 125 ± 9.4 (108–153) |
| Body diam. at midbody | 90 ± 10.9 (70–108) | 47 ± 3.1 (40–54) | 23 ± 3.4 (18–31) |
| Ovary length | 437 ± 51 (348–532) | – | – |
| Spermatheca length | 50 ± 10.4 (39–68) | – | – |
| Uterus length | 385 ± 85 (256–537) | – | – |
| Postvulval uterine sac length | 92 ± 8.6 (73–101) | – | – |
| Vagina length | 23 ± 1.83 (19–25) | – | – |
| Body diam. at vulva level | 75 ± 10.8 (56–91) | – | – |
| Vulva – anterior end | 904 ± 87 (749–1043) | – | – |
| Rectum length | 33 ± 4.8 (22–43) | – | 13.4 ± 2.2 (10–18) |
| Body diam. at anus | 28 ± 2.4 (21-32) | 23 ± 2.7 (20-28) | 14.3 ± 1.6 (11-17) |
| Tail length | 48 ± 3.8 (41-54) | 36 ± 2.5 (32-40) | 38 ± 9.9 (29-80) |
| Phasmid to anus distance | 27 ± 4.0 (21-37) | 21 ± 2.1 (18–25) | – |
| Spicule length | – | 45 ± 2.8 (41-50) | – |
| Gubernaculum length | – | 26 ± 2.0 (22-30) | – |
Table 3.
Comparative morphometrics of females from populations of Acrobeloides maximus – group (all measurements in µm except L in mm).
| Species | A. saeedi (KMW-DH1) | A. saeedi | A. saeedi | A. saeedi (as A. ishraqi) | A. saeedi (as A. gossypii) | A. saeedi (as A. gossypii) | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri (as A. rotundifolius) | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri (as A. mushtaqi) | A. longiuterus | A. longiuterus (as A. camberenensis) | A. longiuterus (as A. camberenensis) | A. longiuterus | A. maximus | Paracephalobus litoralis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Present paper | Siddiqi et al. (1992) | Khan and Hussain (1997) | Pervez (2011) | Nahiyoon et al. (2019) | Nahiyoon et al. (2019) | Steiner (1936); Siddiqi et al. (1992) | Andrássy (1967) | Bussau (1991) | Siddiqi et al. (1992) | De Ley et al. (1999) | Abolafia and Peña-Santiago (2002) | Mehdizadeh et al. (2013) | Pervez (2011) | Rashid and Heyns (1990) | De Ley et al. (1990) | De Ley et al. (1999) | Abolafia and Peña-Santiago, 2017a, b | Thorne (1925) | Akhtar (1962) |
| Country | India | Pakistan | Pakistan | India | Pakistan | Pakistan | Israel | Mongolia | Denmark | Malawi | USA | Spain | Iran | India | Namibia | Senegal | USA | Namibia | USA | Pakistan |
| n (♀) | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 12 | 1 | 22 | 30 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 21 | 5 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| L | 1.06–1.57 | 0.88–1.21 | 0.86–1.20 | 0.99–1.19 | 0.80–1.70 | 0.8–1.70 | 0.63–0.78 | 0.67–0.77 | 0.88 | 0.64–0.91 | 0.86–1.53 | 0.70–0.91 | 0.63–0.72 | 0.61–0.68 | 0.57–0.88 | 0.45–0.67 | 0.88–1.19 | 0.74–0.84 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
| A | 11.5–17.4 | 21.0–30.0 | 21.0–30.0 | 10.5–15.8 | 8.1–15.5 | 8.1–15.5 | 15.0–16.0 | 15.0–17.0 | 24.4 | 17–23 | 16.0–23.0 | 17.5–22.9 | 21.0–22.0 | 31.8–33.1 | 16.8–24.0 | 18.3–19.6 | 15.0–19.0 | 18.1–22.8 | 20.0 | 23.2 |
| B | 6.1–10.0 | 4.6–5.9 | 4.86–5.8 | 4.8–6.1 | 4.5–8.0 | 4.5–8.0 | 5.0–5.6 | 4.8–5.5 | 4.7 | 4.7–5.6 | 5.6–7.8 | 4.5–5.5 | 4.2–5.1 | 4.2–4.4 | 3.5–5.3 | 3.4–4.6 | 5.7–6.9 | 4.4–5.0 | 5.7 | 6.0 |
| C | 22.0–33.0 | 20.0–26.0 | 20–26 | 20.6–23 | 16.0–29.2 | 16–29.2 | 17–21 | 16.0–19.0 | 18.1 | 16.0–18.3 | 20.0–30.0 | 19.0–20.3 | 16.0–20.0 | 14.3–17.9 | 16.2–21.8 | 15.1–18.0 | 20.0–26.0 | 16.5–19.6 | 18.0 | 17.7 |
| c' | 1.5–2.4 | 1.8–2.4 | 1.8–2.3 | 1.4–1.8 | 1.1–1.9 | 1.1–1.9 | ? | 1.7–2.1 | 2.1* | 2.0–2.5 | 1.4–2.1 | 1.6–2.1 | 1.8–2.1 | 1.2–1.8 | 1.4–2.3 | 2.0–2.4 | 1.4–1.9 | 1.7–2.1 | 2.0 | 2.5–2.7* |
| V | 60–77 | 65–74 | ? | 68–74 | 70–75 | 70.2–75 | 69–71 | 65–71 | 69 | 67–71 | 67–71 | 64–69 | 67–70 | 77* | 64–72 | 65–70 | 84* | 66–70 | 70 | 65 |
| Lip region width | 5–11 | 11–13 | 11–13 | 11–13 | 9–10 | 12–15 | 9–10 | ? | 6.7* | 5.9* | 9* | 3 | 10–11 | 8.6–12 | ? | ? | ? | 5.5* | ? | 7* |
| Stoma length | 9–18 | 12* | 12–18 | 16–16 | 12–14 | 12–22 | 12–14 | ? | 20* | 14.7* | 11–16 | 11–14 | 13–14 | 8–12 | 11–14 | 8–10 | 12–15 | 10–12 | 20 | 10* |
| Procorpus | 37–69 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 50–79 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 60–85 | ? | ? | ? |
| Metacorpus | 43–80 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 30–49 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 35–46 | ? | ? | ? |
| Isthmus | 16–46 | 21.9* | 20* | ? | 20–26 | 14–28 | 20–26 | ? | 23* | 22–36 | 20–37 | 22–25 | 21–25 | 27.6* | 14–15* | 15–24 | 17–23 | 15 –23 | ? | ? |
| Bulb length | 30–53 | 29–34 | 29–34 | 24–38 | 19–21 | 26–32.5 | 19–21 | ? | 19.8* | 19–21 | 22–32 | 22–27 | 19–26 | 24* | ? | 15–21 | 22–28 | 24–25 | ? | 13–25 |
| Pharynx length | 155–202 | 190–218 | 190–218 | 179–223 | 129–157 | 166–228 | 129–157 | ? | 157* | 135–178 | 205–316* | 135–166 | 133–141 | 145–154 | ? | 123 –159 | 229–313* | 137–164 | 210 | 8–14 |
| Nerve ring–ant. end | 91–151 | 163* | ? | 151* | 92–114 | 125–136 | 92–114 | ? | 132* | 106* | 113–174 | 107–126 | 109–117 | 101–105 | 89–142 | 82–108 | 125–148 | 119–135 | 162 | 78* |
| Excretory pore–ant. end | 112–161 | 140–188 | 140–188 | 155–174 | ? | 136–150 | ? | ? | 139* | 118–134 | 131–209 | 114–148 | 123–135 | ? | 89–157 | 83–118 | 154–195 | 127–142 | ? | 81* |
| Neck region | 168–208 | 215* | 202–236* | 194–239* | ? | 178–250* | ? | ? | 177* | 137* | 157–332* | 146–180 | 139–150 | 153–166* | 120–177 | 134–153 | 241–327* | 149–172 | ? | ? |
| Midbody diam. | 70–112 | 56.6* | ? | 59–113 | ? | 52–170 | ? | ? | 40* | 39* | 49–73 | 33–40 | 30–34 | 18–21 | ? | 13–17 | 49–72 | 35–41 | ? | 29.4* |
| Vulva – anterior end | 749–1046 | 680–840 | 573* | 637* | 503–550 | 616–1225 | 503–550 | ? | 650* | 503–550 | 1001* | 447–629 | 436–491 | 495.2* | ? | ? | 875* | ? | 840 | 291.6* |
| Body diam. at anus | 21–39 | 29* | 19* | 28–36 | ? | 25–50 | ? | ? | 30* | 18* | 22–31 | 18–22 | 19–20 | 19–21 | ? | 20–23 | 25* | 21–25 | 34 | 15* |
| Rectum length | 12–43 | 37.5* | ? | 31–42 | ? | 24–30 | ? | ? | ? | 19* | 27–42 | 22–25 | 21–29 | 17.2* | ? | ? | 23–32 | 17.8 | ? | ? |
| Tail length | 41–62 | 39–50 | 39–50 | 10–15 | 35–45 | 42–55 | 35–45 | ? | 50* | 39–56 | 41–60 | 36–45 | 35–40 | 37–42 | 61–111 | 30–37 | 41–52 | 88–91 | 66 | 39–43 |
| Phasmid to anus distance | 21–39 | 10–19 | 23.3* | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 18.8* | 22–36 | 16–29 | 17.5* | 20.7* | 41–66 | ? | 21–32 | 56–64 | ? | ? |
| D% (EP/ES×100) | 64–101 | 74–86* | 74–86* | 82* | 79* | 79* | ? | ? | 88* | 80.5* | 64–66 | 87* | 94* | ? | ? | ? | 68* | 88* | ? | ? |
| E% (EP/T×100) | 206–320 | 359–376* | 359–376* | ? | ? | 285* | ? | ? | 278* | 265.3* | 312–348 | 323* | 344* | ? | ? | ? | 378* | 150* | ? | ? |
1 Notes: References (Ref.): 1– Present paper, 2– Abolafia and Peña-Santiago (2002), 3– Abolafia and Peña-Santiago (2017b), 4– Akhtar (1962), 5– Andrássy (1967), 6– Bussau (1991), 7– De Ley et al. (1990), 8– De Ley et al. (1999), 9– Khan and Hussain (1997), 10– Mehdizadeh et al. (2013), 11– Nahiyoon et al. (2019), 12– Pervez (2011), 13– Rashid and Heyns (1990), 14– Siddiqi et al. (1992), 15– Steiner (1936), 16– Thorne (1925). * = measurements from drawings, ? = measurement unknown.
Table 4.
Comparative morphometrics of males from populations of Acrobeloides maximus – group (all measurements in µm except L in mm).
| Species | A. saeedi (KMW-DH1) | A. longiuterus | A. longiuterus (as camberenensis) | A. longiuterus (as A. camberenensis) | A. longiuterus | A. saeedi (as A. gossypii) | A. saeedi (as A. gossypii) | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri | A. bodenheimeri (as A. mushtaqi) | A. maximus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Present paper | Rashid and Heyns (1990) | De Ley et al. (1990) | De Ley et al. (1999) | Abolafia and Peña-Santiago, 2017a, b | Nahiyoon et al. (2019) | Nahiyoon et al. (2019) | Steiner (1936); Siddiqi et al. (1992) | Andrássy (1967) | Siddiqi et al. (1992) | De Ley et al. (1999) | Abolafia, Peña-Santiago (2002) | Mehdizadeh et al. (2013) | Pervez (2011) | Steiner (1935) |
| Country (State) | India | Namibia | Senegal | USA | Namibia | Pakistan | Pakistan | Israel | Mongolia | Malawi | USA | Spain | Iran | India | USA |
| n (♂) | 40 | 26 | 6 | 20 | 6 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 1 |
| L | 0.79–1.16 | 0.53–0.94 | 0.54–0.65 | 0.70–1.03 | 0.68–0.84 | 0.71–1.39 | 0.71–1.39 | 0.63–0.71 | 0.56–0.59 | 0.56–0.87 | 0.98–1.18 | 0.69, 0.73 | 0.70–0.86 | 0.61–0.62 | 0.9 |
| a | 13.0–24.0 | 16.7–26.4 | 20.2–21.7 | 16.0–26.0 | 17.8–23.7 | 11.1–16.6 | 11.1–16.6 | 14.0–16.0 | 12.0–15.0 | 22–26 | 20.0–25.0 | 24.0, 25.0 | 22.0–30.0 | 27.0–31.0 | 27.0 |
| b | 4.2–7.0 | 4.0–5.9 | 4.0–4.8 | 4.3–6.8 | 4.1–5.1 | 4.6–7.5 | 4.6–7.5 | 4.9–5.1 | 4.2–4.8 | 4.3–5.4 | 6.0–7.8 | 5.0, 5.2 | 4.8–5.4 | 4.0–4.2 | 7.2 |
| c | 21.0–34.0 | 14.4–21.7 | 14.9–18.0 | 17.0–23.0 | 17.3–20.3 | 19.5–27.8 | 19.5–27.8 | 15–18 | 14.0–16.0 | 15–18 | 20.0–24.0 | 18.8, 16.6 | 14.0–18.0 | 16.0–18.0 | 18.0 |
| c’ | 1.2–2.2 | 1.4–2.1 | 1.6–2.0 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.2–1.5 | 0.9–1.3 | 0.9–1.3 | ? | 1.9* | 2.1* | 1.3–1.7 | 1.3, 1.7 | 1.6–2.0 | 1.4–1.8 | 1.8* |
| Lip region width | 5–8 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 11–14 | 11–14 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 3, 4 | 3–4 | ? | ? |
| Stoma length | 8–17 | ? | 08–10 | 11–13 | 11–12 | 12–15 | 12–15 | ? | ? | ? | 10–14 | 11, 12 | 10–11 | 11–12 | ? |
| Procorpus length | 28–59 | ? | ? | 58–66 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 11, 11 | 12–14 | ? | ? |
| Metacorpus length | 45–75 | ? | ? | 32–40 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Isthmus length | 21–50 | ? | 15–25 | 16–23 | 19–22 | 16–20 | 16–20 | 22–23 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 17–32 | ? | ? |
| Bulb length | 26–41 | ? | 16–23 | 17–27 | 22–28 | 24–30 | 24–30 | ? | ? | ? | 22–30 | 22, 23 | 20–26 | ? | ? |
| Pharynx length | 142–184 | ? | 122–151* | 205–260 | 122–161 | 150–188 | 150–188 | 129–143 | ? | ? | 210–293 | 100, 119 | 131–149 | 145–152 | ? |
| Nerve ring – ant. End | 88–143 | ? | 90–104 | 108–135 | 120–132 | 112–134 | 112–134 | 100–115 | ? | ? | 117–151 | 140, 140 | 110–127 | 106–110 | ? |
| Excretory pore – ant end | 112–192 | ? | 78–91 | 121–175 | 119–141 | 132–144 | 132–144 | ? | ? | ? | 135–192 | 121, ? | 128–143 | ? | ? |
| Neck length | 156–207 | 130–174 | 128–148 | ? | 156–168 | 162–203* | 162–203* | ? | ? | ? | 133–188 | 143–160 | ? | ? | |
| Midbody diam. | 40–73 | ? | 25–31 | 39–51 | 35–42 | 64–88 | 64–88 | ? | ? | ? | 44–57 | 33, 40 | 24–40 | 19–22 | ? |
| Anal body diam. | 18–34 | ? | 20–23 | 27–35 | 27–34 | 32–40 | 32–40 | ? | ? | 25* | 31–35 | 18, 22 | 24–27 | 17–24 | ? |
| Tail length | 32–48 | 37–50 | 36–42 | 39–47 | 38–44 | 40–50 | 40–50 | 38–43 | ? | 54–80 | 40–58 | 22, 25 | 43–54 | 34–37 | ? |
| Spicules length | 41–54 | 29–51 | 29–34 | 40–48 | 41–46 | 38–57 | 38–57 | 39–44 | 30–40 | 35–43 | 42–50 | 37 | 38–41 | 39–43 | ? |
| Gubernaculum length | 21–30 | 18–35 | 14–19 | 24–30 | 26–31 | 24–35 | 24–35 | 22–28 | 20 | 19–24 | 27–34 | 23, 22 | 19–28 | 23–24 | ? |
| D% (EP/ES×100) | 69–94 | ? | ? | 57–67* | 92* | 82* | 82* | ? | ? | ? | ? | 97* | ? | ? | |
| E% (EP/T×100) | 242–577 | ? | ? | 310–372* | 317* | 306* | 306* | ? | ? | ? | ? | 233, 300* | 279* | ? | ? |
| SW% (SL/ABD×100) | 150–294 | ? | ? | 151* | 143* | 126* | 126* | ? | ? | ? | ? | 137* | 155* | 194* | ? |
| GS% (GL/SL×100) | 40–70 | ? | ? | 67* | 66* | 55* | 55* | ? | ? | ? | ? | 65* | 59* | 58* | ? |
1 Notes: References (Ref.): 1– Present paper, 2– Abolafia and Peña-Santiago (2002), 3– Abolafia and Peña-Santiago (2017b), 4– Andrássy (1967), 5– De Ley et al. (1990), 6– De Ley et al. (1999), 7– Mehdizadeh et al. (2013), 8– Nahiyoon et al. (2019), 9– Pervez (2011), 10– Rashid and Heyns (1990), 11– Siddiqi et al. (1992), 12– Steiner (1935), 13– Steiner (1936). * = measurements from drawings, ? = measurement unknown.
Table 5.
Pairwise distances of the 18 S rDNA regions between present strains of Acrobeloides and already described species.
| S. No. | 18S rDNA | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MK935150 A. saeedi KMW | India | 0 | 0 | 9 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 24 | 30 | 89 | |
| 2 | MK935149 A. saeedi DH1 | India | 100 | 0 | 9 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 24 | 30 | 89 | |
| 3 | KY090631 A. saeedi | Iran | 100 | 100 | 9 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 31 | 23 | 89 | |
| 4 | MK541681 A. tricornis | Germany | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 9 | |
| 5 | DQ102707 A. nanus | UK | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 100 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 39 | 13 | 97 | |
| 6 | KX889085 A. varius | South Korea | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 100 | 99.3 | 2 | 0 | 39 | 13 | 96 | |
| 7 | AY284673 A. apiculatus | Netherlands | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 100 | 99.9 | 99.9 | 0 | 37 | 13 | 95 | |
| 8 | MF325099 A. buchneri | Germany | 98.4 | 98.4 | 98.5 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 19 | 4 | 86 | |
| 9 | AF202159 A. bodenheimeri | France | 98.1 | 98.1 | 97.4 | 98.6 | 98.3 | 98.3 | 98.4 | 98.4 | 32 | 92 | |
| 10 | KY119635 A. thornei | Ireland | 97.5 | 97.5 | 98.1 | 98.2 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.7 | 97.4 | 95 | |
| 11 | JQ237850 A. maximus | USA | 92.3 | 92.3 | 91.7 | 98.8 | 95.0 | 95.1 | 95.1 | 92.0 | 95.3 | 91.3 |
Table 6.
Pairwise distances of the D2D3 regions of 28 S rDNA regions between present strains of Acrobeloides and already described species.
| S. No. | 28S rDNA | Country | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MK935147 A. saeedi KMW | India | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 38 | 51 | 59 | 67 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 76 | |
| 2 | MN101167 A. saeedi DH1 | India | 100 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 38 | 51 | 59 | 68 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 77 | |
| 3 | KY914573 A. saeedi | Iran | 100 | 100 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 38 | 56 | 64 | 68 | 79 | 80 | 82 | 82 | |
| 4 | MF325168 A. sexlineatus | Germany | 98.9 | 98.9 | 98.0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 5 | MF325157 A. buchneri | Germany | 98.9 | 98.9 | 98.0 | 100 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 6 | DQ903087 A. tricornis | Germany | 95.1 | 95.0 | 94.7 | 100 | 100 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 7 | AF147069 A. longiuterus | USA | 96.7 | 96.7 | 96.8 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 96.9 | 30 | 35 | 45 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | |
| 8 | AF147067 A. maximus | USA | 95.6 | 95.5 | 95.2 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 96.1 | 97.5 | 43 | 51 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46 | |
| 9 | KX889089 A. varius | South Korea | 94.6 | 94.6 | 94.3 | 100 | 100 | 99.8 | 97.0 | 96.3 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| 10 | DQ145625 A. bodenheimeri | Belgium | 95.8 | 95.6 | 95.7 | 97.7 | 97.7 | 96.9 | 96.1 | 95.6 | 96.4 | 50 | 49 | 50 | 50 | |
| 11 | DQ903076 A. nanus | Sweden | 95.2 | 95.2 | 94.9 | 100 | 100 | 99.9 | 97.1 | 96.3 | 99.9 | 96.9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| 12 | DQ903083 A. thornei | USA | 95.1 | 95.1 | 94.9 | 100 | 100 | 99.8 | 97.0 | 96.2 | 100 | 96.9 | 99.9 | 3 | 3 | |
| 13 | DQ145624 A. ellesmerensis | USA | 95.1 | 95.0 | 94.8 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96.9 | 96.1 | 99.8 | 96.9 | 99.9 | 99.8 | 0 | |
| 14 | DQ903081 A. buetschlii | USA | 95.1 | 95.0 | 94.8 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96.9 | 96.1 | 99.8 | 96.9 | 99.9 | 99.8 | 100 |
Figure 5:
Bayesian Inference tree from known and the newly sequenced Acrobeloides saeedi based on sequences of the 18 S rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (%) are given for each clade. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 6:
Bayesian Inference tree from known and the newly sequenced Acrobeloides saeedi based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (%) are given for each clade. Scale bar shows the number of substitutions per site.