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First report of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) in Italy and an overview of nematodes associated with Crocus sativus L.

Journal of Nematology
Volume 52 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By:
Open Access
|Mar 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Light micrographs of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus. A: Male total body; B: Female anterior region; C: Female tail; D: Vulval region; E: Lateral view of male tail; F: Ventral view of male tail (Scale bar A = 100 μm; B-F = 20 μm).
Light micrographs of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus. A: Male total body; B: Female anterior region; C: Female tail; D: Vulval region; E: Lateral view of male tail; F: Ventral view of male tail (Scale bar A = 100 μm; B-F = 20 μm).

Figure 2:

Phylogenetic relationships of species belonging to fungivorus-group based on ITS locus. The tree was inferred using GTR + I + G as nucleotide substitution model, tested with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and Bursaphelenchus cocophilus was chosen as outgroup species. Nodes were annotated with NJ and ML bootstrap values, respectively.
Phylogenetic relationships of species belonging to fungivorus-group based on ITS locus. The tree was inferred using GTR + I + G as nucleotide substitution model, tested with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and Bursaphelenchus cocophilus was chosen as outgroup species. Nodes were annotated with NJ and ML bootstrap values, respectively.

Morphometrics of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus_

CharacterMaleFemale
n1010
L686.7 ± 31.9735.28 ± 38.4
(645.2 – 742.0)(700.0 – 834.8)
a28.3 ± 1.926.5 ± 2.0
(25.3 – 30.9)(23.3 – 30.3)
b10.2 ± 0.810.5 ± 0.5
(9.2 – 11.8)(10.1 – 11.7)
c20.5  ±  1.012.4 ± 0.5
(19.1 – 22.1)(11.8 – 13.1)
c'2.2 ± 0.25.4 ± 0.4
(1.9 – 2.5)(4.8 – 6.3)
T or V64.1 ± 4.973.1 ± 0.4
(57.5 – 72.8)(72.4 – 73.7)
Max. body diam.24.4 ± 1.827.9 ± 2.1
(22.4 – 27.9)(24.2 – 31.7)
Stylet13.7 ± 0.813.4 ± 1.5
(12.6 – 14.9)(11.3 – 16.2)
Median bulb length17.4 ± 2.019.6 ± 1.7
(14.3 – 20.3)(17.1 – 22.0)
Median bulb diam.11.9 ± 1.114.9 ± 1.8
(10.8 – 13.3)(13.0 – 19.3)
Tail length33.7 ± 2.359.2 ± 2.6
(30.5 – 38.4)(56.7 – 65.0)
Cloacal or anal body diam.15.5 ± 1.110.9 ± 0.5
(13.8 – 17.1)(10.2 – 11.8)
Spicule length*15.3 ± 1.1–
(13.7 – 17.5)

Occurrence of nematodes associated with Crocus sativus L_ in different geographic location_

Feeding habitatGenusSpeciesMatrix of extractionCountryReferences
Bacteria Acrobeles Acrobeles spp.SoilSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Acrobeloides Acrobeloides spp.Soil, CormSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Boleodorus B. thylactus Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Cephalobus Cephalobus spp.SoilSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Rhabditis Rhabditis spp.SoilSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Fungi Aphelenchoides A. asterocaudatus Soil, RootIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
A. blastophthorus Soil, Corm, LeavesSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
A. centralis Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
A. curiolis SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Bursaphelenchus B. fungivorus CormItalyPresent study
Ditylenchus D. myceliophagus Soil, RootIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Fungi/Plant Aphelenchoides A. besseyi SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
A. subtenuis Soil, CormGreece Koliopanos and Kalyviotis-Gazelas (1979), Decker (1989)
Aphelenchus A. avenae Soil, CormSpain, India, Iran Zaki and Mantoo (2008), Cirujeda et al. (2016), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Omnivorus Ecumenicus Ecumenicus spp.SoilSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Plant Aerotylenchus A. safroni SoilKashmir Fotedar and Handoo (1977)
Amplimerlinius A. globigerus Soil, RootIran Alvani et al. (2017), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
A. icarus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
A. macrurus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
A. socialis SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Criconemoides C. deccipiens SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Ditylenchus D. dipsaci Soil, CormAzerbaijan, Iran, Marocco Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980), Radouni (1985), Ait-Oubahou and El-Otmani (1999), Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Filenchus F. afghanicus Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
F. hamatus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
F. pratensis SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
F. vulgaris Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Geocenamus G. squamatus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
G. tenuidens SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Helicotylenchus Helicotylenchus spp.SoilKashmir, Spain Sheikh et al. (2014), Cirujeda et al. (2016)
H. chishtii Soil, RootKashmir Sheikh et al. (2014)
H. crassatus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
H. exallus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
H. pseudorobustus Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
H. vulgaris CormIndia Zaki and Mantoo (2008)
Hemicriconemoides Hemicriconemoides spp.CormIndia Zaki and Mantoo (2008)
Hirschmaniella Hirschmaniella spp.Soil, RootKashmir Sheikh et al. (2014)
Meloidogyne M. brevicauda RootAzerbaijan Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980)
Merlinius M. bavaricus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
M. brevidens SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013), Alvani et al. (2017)
M. graminicola SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
M. microdorus Soil, RootIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
M. nanus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
M. pseudobavaricus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Nagelus N. camelliae Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
N. hexagramus Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Paratylenchus P. coronatus Soil, RootIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013),Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
P. similis Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Pratylenchoides P. alkani SoilIran Alvani et al. (2017)
Pratylenchus Pratylenchus spp.Soil, RootKashmir Sheikh et al. (2014)
P. coffeae SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
P. crenatus Different partAzerbaijan Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980)
P. loosi SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
P. neglectus Soil, RootIran Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
P. penetrans SoilAzerbaijan, Iran Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980), Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
P. pratensis Different partAzerbaijan Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980)
P. thornei Soil, Root, CormAzerbaijan, Iran, India Kasimova and Atakishieva (1980), Zaki and Mantoo (2008), Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
Psilenchus Psilenchus spp.SoilKashmir, Spain Sheikh et al. (2014), Cirujeda et al. (2016)
P. elegans SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
P. hilarulus Soil, RootIran Alvani et al. (2015), Saeedizadeh et al. (2018)
P. minor SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Rotylenchus Rotylenchus spp.SoilSpain Cirujeda et al. (2016)
Scutylenchus S. rugosus SoilIran Alvani et al. (2017)
S. tartuensis SoilIran Alvani et al. (2017)
Tylenchorhynchus Tylenchorhynchus spp.CormIndia Zaki and Mantoo (2008)
T. brassicae SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Tylenchus Tylenchus spp.Soil, Root, CormKashmir, Spain, India Zaki and Mantoo (2008), Sheikh et al. (2014), Cirujeda et al. (2016)
T. arcuates Soil, RootIndia Hassan and Ahangar (2018)
T. kashmirensis SoilIndia Mahajan (1973)
T. parvus SoilIran Mahdikhani and Alvani (2013)
Xiphinema Xiphinema spp.CormIndia Zaki and Mantoo (2008)

Species list and sequences used in this work annotated with their GeneBank Accession numbers_

Bursaphelenchus speciesStrain, isolate or cloneGeneBank Accession
B. arthuri Ne19/04AM157742
B. arthuri –EU783918
B. arthuroides 32468HQ599189
B. braaschae 14190GQ845407
B. cocophilus S5KT156782
B. cocophilus S8KT156783
B. fungivorus BfungPt1 Clone 1KF241745
B. fungivorus BfungPt1 Clone 2KF241746
B. fungivorus BfungPt1 Clone 3KF241747
B. fungivorus GDHQ402559
B. fungivorus GT2018MK372853
B. fungivorus Ne 26/96AM179516
B. parathailandae 00349JN377723
B. thailandae HKDQ497183
B. thailandae Ne7b/03AM157746
B. thailandae RCAKP644768
B. thailandae UNKP644769
B. willibaldi Ne 16/05AM180512
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-023 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 11
Submitted on: Oct 9, 2019
Published on: Mar 30, 2020
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Central Italy,
Molecular biology,
Morphology,
Mycophagus nematode,
Saffron
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2020 Giulia Torrini, Agostino Strangi, Stefania Simoncini, Maria Luppino, Pio Federico Roversi, Leonardo Marianelli, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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