Fig. 1
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Fig. 6
Morphometrics of J2, males, females, and cysts from Heterodera carotae and H_ cruciferae from different populations_ All measurements are in micrometer_
| Species | Heterodera carotae | Heterodera cruciferae | |||||
| Population Characters | Mexico (original) | Isle of Ely, UK (Jones, 1950b) | Ireland, England and Italy (Mathews, 1975) | UK, (Stone and Rowe, 1976) | Moscow region, Russia (Chizhov et al., 2009) | Tabriz, Iran (Jabbari and Niknam, 2008) | Spain (Bello et al., 1999) |
| J2 | n = 30 | – | n = 100 | n = 25 | n = 28 | – | n = 30 |
| Length | 394 (360–443) | 453.8 ± 1.38 | 422 (375–452) | 431 ± 19 | 426 ± 31.8 (377–504) | 351 ± 15 (333–381) | 438 (407–479) |
| a | 18.9 (18.8–20.14) | – | 21.4 (18.2–22.7) | 20.7 ± 1.1 | 20.5 ± 2.7 (14.5–31.8) | 20 ± 1.5 (17.5–24) | 22.4 (20–25.2) |
| b | 3 (2.99–3.46) | – | – | – | 4.5 ± 0.2 (4.1–5.1) | 4 ± 0.4 | 3.4 (2.7–7.4) |
| b′ | 2.52 (2.5–2.81) | – | – | – | 2.4 ± 0.2 (2.1–3.1) | 2.4 ± 0.4 (2.06–2.7) | – |
| c | 8.2 (8.18–8.52) | – | – | – | 9.1 ± 0.5 (8.2–10) | 8.4 ± 0.7 (7.5–10) | 9 (7.9–12.5) |
| c′ | 3.7 (3.7–4) | – | – | – | 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.2–4.4) | 4 ± 0.3 (3.5–4.4) | – |
| Stylet length | 25 (24–26) | – | 24 (22–25) | 24.1 ± 1.6 | 23 ± 0.9 (21–25) | 21 ± 0.8 (20–22.4) | 23.5 (21.9–25.4) |
| Labial region height | 5 (4–6) | – | 5 (4–6) | 4.1 ± 0.7 | – | 3–4 | – |
| Labial region diameter | 9 (8–10) | – | 10 (9–10) | – | – | – | – |
| DGO | 5 (4–6) | – | 5–6 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 3–4 | 5–6 | 5.2 |
| Anterior end to valve of median bulb | 61 (52–73) | – | 66 (61–72) | 68.3 ± 3.1 | 70 ± 4.1 (62–81) | – | – |
| Anterior end to excretory pore | 87 (78–98) | – | 99 | 101.6 ± 4.8 | 103 ± 6.2 (91–117) | 95–110 | – |
| Oesophageal length | 131 (104–148) | – | – | – | 95 ± 5.9 (85–106) | – | – |
| Body diameter at mid-body | 21 (19–22) | – | 20 (19–21) | 20.8 ± 1.5 | 21 ± 2.2 (12–27) | – | – |
| Body diameter at anus | 13 (11–14) | – | 12.4 (11.1–13.4) | 13.6 ± 0.7 | 13 ± 0.8 (11–14) | – | – |
| Body diameter at hyaline region | 8 (7–9) | – | 7.1 (5.9–8.3) | – | – | – | – |
| Tail length | 48 (44–52) | – | 51.8 (43.5–58.6) | 50 ± 2.7 | 47 ± 4 (38–54) | 41 ± 5 (26.2–47) | 49.2 (34.1–58.9) |
| Hyaline region length | 26 (21–31) | – | 28.3 (20.3–31.8) | 25.2 ± 2.7 | 24 ± 3.3 (17–30) | 21.3 ± 1.9 (16–23.4) | 27.3 (20.7–33.9)0.5 |
| Males | n = 30 | – | n = 40 | n = 25 | n = 24 | – | n = 11 |
| Length | 1180 (1114–1219) | 1119 ± 14 | 1154 (1090–1220) | 1170 ± 79 | 1156 ± 132.1 (718–1343) | 961 ± 83 (828.6–1028.6) | 1149 (1081–1283) |
| a | 37 (33.9–42.8) | – | – | 40.8 ± 5.8 | 35.3 ± 5.8 (18.9–47.2) | 38.2 ± 2.5 (34.1–41.2) | 44.5 (34.3 –43.8) |
| b | 6.7 (4.7–7.7) | – | – | – | 8.2 ± 0.9 (5.2–9.5) | 8.3 ± 0.9 (8.1–10) | – |
| b′ | 5.8 (4.6–6.5) | – | – | – | 6.1 ± 0.4 (5.2–6.8) | 5.3 ± 0.6 (5–6) | – |
| Stylet length | 32 (29–36) | 28.8 ± 0.36 | 35 (31–38) | 24.9 ± 1.1 | 25 ± 1.7 (22–28) | 23 ± 1.6 (20–24.3) | 27.1 (25–28) |
| Labial region height | 5 (4–6) | – | 7 | – | 6–8 | – | – |
| Labial region diameter | 11 (9–13) | – | 11 | – | 10–12 | – | – |
| DGO | 5 (4–6) | – | 5–7 | 7.2 ± 0.8 | 4–6 | 6–7 | – |
| Anterior end to valve of median bulb | 103 (101–106) | – | 90 (85–105) | 97.8 ± 4.9 | 96 ± 8.7 (68–107) | – | – |
| Anterior end to excretory pore | 157 (146–169) | – | 153 (148–161) | 154.4 ± 12.3 | 159 ± 10.8 (140–182) | – | – |
| Body diameter at mid-body | 32 (26–36) | 31.4 ± 0.6 | 30 (27–33) | 29.1 ± 1.38 | 33 ± 5.4 (23–43) | – | – |
| Oesophageal length | 175 (144–238) | – | – | – | 144 ± 14.3 (119–168) | – | – |
| Anterior end to oesophageal gland base | 203 (172–267) | – | – | – | 192 ± 14.8 (163–208) | – | – |
| Spicules | 36 (32–39) | – | 34 (31–36) | 34.5 ± 2.4 | 34 ± 2.4 (29–38) | 21 ± 4.4 (16–26.2) | 32.2 (25.4–32.3) |
| T(%) | 48 (39–57) | – | 59 | 50 | – | 48 ± 14.1 (13.5–68) | – |
| Females | n = 30 | – | n = 10 | n = 20 | – | – | – |
| Length | 474 (388–686) | – | 451 (375–513) | – | – | 365.6 ± 28.15 | – |
| Width | 295 (229–430) | – | 203 (168–238) | – | – | 172.9 ± 18 | – |
| a | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | – | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | – | – | – | – |
| Stylet length | 27 (23–32) | – | 27 (25–31) | 26.5 ± 1.5 | – | 20.1 ± 4 (15.6–25) | – |
| Anterior end to excretory pore | 94 (80–116) | – | 81–119 | 93 ± 20 | – | 112.5–143.7 | – |
| Cysts | n = 30 | – | n = 150 | n = 25 | n = 25 | – | n = 30 |
| Length (excluding neck) | 423 (286–575) | 210–680 | 408 (218–625) | 429 ± 67 | 557 ± 71.6 (355–690) | 505.4 ± 58.5 (400–609.5) | 555 (427–624) |
| Width | 331 (217–472) | 150–530 | 309 (165–500) | 333 ± 56 | 398 ± 72.3 (300–460) | 398 ± 63.2(305–571.4) | 399 (326–464) |
| L/W ratio | 1.28 (1.22–1.31) | – | – | – | 1.4 ± 0.3 (0.6–1.8) | 1.3 ± 0.1 (1.1–1.5) | – |
| Neck length | 80 (63–120) | – | – | 76 ± 18 | 66 ± 17.4 (40–90) | 66.5 ± 15 (50–84.2) | – |
| Fenestral lenth | 44 (32–58) | – | 31 (27–36) | 34.5 ± 5.9 | 41 ± 5.5 (27–53) | – | 38.9 (22–58.8) |
| Fenestral width | 50 (38–67) | – | 39 (35–42) | – | – | 36.6 ± 5 (31.2–44) | 38.4 (30–50) |
| Vulval slit length | 48 (39–56) | – | 47 (43–51) | 45.5 ± 5.5 | 46 ± 6.3 (32–55) | 42.3 ± 5 (30.2–50) | 36.9 (28.8–47.7) |
Host range test results of Heterodera carotae from the Tepeaca Valley, Puebla, Mexico_
| Latin name | Commun name | Nematodes |
|---|---|---|
| Apiaceae | ||
| Daucus carota L. | Carrot | + |
| Asteraceae | ||
| Lactuca sativa L. | Lettuce | – |
| Brassicaceae | ||
| Brassica oleracea var botrytis L. | Cauliflower | – |
| Brassica oleracea var capitata L. | Cabbage | – |
| Brassica oleracea var gemmifera L. | Brussels sprouts | – |
| Brassica oleracea var italica L. | Broccoli | – |
| Raphanus sativus L. | Radish | – |
| Chenopodiaceae | ||
| Beta vulgaris L. | Beetroot | – |
| Poaceae | ||
| Triticum aestivum L. | Wheat | – |