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Chemical Signals of Vector Beetle Facilitate the Prevalence of a Native Fungus and the Invasive Pinewood Nematode Cover

Chemical Signals of Vector Beetle Facilitate the Prevalence of a Native Fungus and the Invasive Pinewood Nematode

Journal of Nematology
Volume 49 (2017): Issue 4 (January 2017)
By: BIN ZHANG,  WEI ZHANG,  MIN LU,  FAHEEM AHMAD,  HAOKAI TIAN,  JING NING,  XIAOLONG LIU,  LILIN ZHAO and  JIANGHUA SUN  
Open Access
|Sep 2018

Figures & Tables

FIG. 1.

Competitive development of associated ophiostomatoid fungal species. The proportion of each species accounting for the line between two inoculates were showed for each treatment. The columns with solid fill represent the fungi from Guangdong province, whereas those with backslash fill represent data from Zhejiang province. Blue column and sp1, Sporothrix sp. 1; red column and ips, Ophiostoma ips; green column and sp2, Sporothrix sp. 2. *** indicates P < 0.001 using the paired t test with the arcsine-transformed data.
Competitive development of associated ophiostomatoid fungal species. The proportion of each species accounting for the line between two inoculates were showed for each treatment. The columns with solid fill represent the fungi from Guangdong province, whereas those with backslash fill represent data from Zhejiang province. Blue column and sp1, Sporothrix sp. 1; red column and ips, Ophiostoma ips; green column and sp2, Sporothrix sp. 2. *** indicates P < 0.001 using the paired t test with the arcsine-transformed data.

FIG. 2.

Effects of fatty acid ethyl esters from Monochamus alternatus surface on Sporothrix sp. 1. A. Fungi from Guangdong province. B. Fungi from Zhejiang province. EL = ethyl linoleate, EO = ethyl oleate, ES = ethyl stearate, and EP = ethyl palmitate. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at P > 0.05.
Effects of fatty acid ethyl esters from Monochamus alternatus surface on Sporothrix sp. 1. A. Fungi from Guangdong province. B. Fungi from Zhejiang province. EL = ethyl linoleate, EO = ethyl oleate, ES = ethyl stearate, and EP = ethyl palmitate. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at P > 0.05.

FIG. 3.

Effects of fungi on the fitness of pinewood nematode in Guangdong province. The fecundity of nematodes (A), the body length of (B) female, (C) male, and (D) third-stage dispersal juveniles reared on three different fungi was counted and measured. Different letters indicate significant differences.
Effects of fungi on the fitness of pinewood nematode in Guangdong province. The fecundity of nematodes (A), the body length of (B) female, (C) male, and (D) third-stage dispersal juveniles reared on three different fungi was counted and measured. Different letters indicate significant differences.

FIG. 4.

Schematic presentation of the symbiotic association among Monochamus alternatus, Burcaphelenchus xylophilus, and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.
Schematic presentation of the symbiotic association among Monochamus alternatus, Burcaphelenchus xylophilus, and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.

Morphological groups of ophiostomatoid isolates from chambers of Monochamus alternatus in Guangdong province, China_

Isolateno.Anamorph in cultureGenbank no.Closest matching GenBankScoreAccession no. of matchSpecies identified
ITS β-tubulinITS β-tubulinITS β-tubulin
30634 a Pesotum GU170426GU170410 Ophiostoma ips 9999AY172021FJ012142 Ophiostoma ips
30635 Sporothrix GU170430GU170414 Ophiostoma stenoceras 88 AF484458  Sporothrix sp. 2
30636 Sporothrix GU170419GU170403 Ophiostoma breviusculum 9592AB200423AB200428 Sporothrix sp. 1
30637 Sporothrix GU170431GU170415 O. stenoceras 88 AF484458  Sporothrix sp. 2
30638 Sporothrix GU170432GU170416 O. stenoceras 88 AF484458  Sporothrix sp. 2
30697 Sporothrix GU170422GU170406 O. breviusculum 9592AB200423AB200428 Sporothrix sp. 1

No_ of isolates of the different fungal species obtained from the pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus in Guangdong province, China_

Collection sites Sporothrix sp. 1 Sporothrix sp. 2 Ophiostoma ips Total no. of isolates
Longtoushan75618
Baiyunshan65415
Datianshan67417
Conghua56415
Total (percentage frequency)24 (36.9)23 (35.4)18 (27.7)65

Prevalence of pinewood nematodes (PWN) in the pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus–infected trees at different sampling sites in Guangdong province, China_

Collection sites (location, district)Latitude, longitudeAverage elevation (m)No. of pupal chambersPercent of the present PWN
Longtoushan, HuangpuN 23°10′, E 113°49′5729100
Baiyunshan, BaiyunN 23°29′, E 113°29′4532100
Datianshan, HuangpuN 23°13′, E 113°48′3428100
Conghua, ConghuaN 23°55′, E 113°58′3427100
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2017-081 | Journal eISSN: 2640-396X | Journal ISSN: 0022-300X
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Language: English
Page range: 341 - 347
Submitted on: Jan 26, 2017
Published on: Sep 26, 2018
Published by: Society of Nematologists, Inc.
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
blue-stain fungi,
invasive species,
pinewood nematode
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Life sciences, other

© 2018 BIN ZHANG, WEI ZHANG, MIN LU, FAHEEM AHMAD, HAOKAI TIAN, JING NING, XIAOLONG LIU, LILIN ZHAO, JIANGHUA SUN, published by Society of Nematologists, Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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