References
- Adam, M. A. M., Phillips, M. S., and Blok, V. C. 2007. Molecular diagnostic key for identification of single juveniles of seven common and economically important species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). Plant Pathology 56:190–197.
- Adesiyan, S. O., and Odihirin, R. A. 1978. Root-knot nematode as pests of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in southern Nigeria. Nematologica 24:132–134.
- Aighewi, B. A., Asiedu, R., Maroya, N., and Balogun, M. 2015. Improved propagation methods to raise the productivity of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.). Food Security 7:823–834.
- Akinola, A., and Owombo, P. 2012. Economic analysis of adoption of mulching technology in yam production in Osun state, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 2:1–6.
- Anonymous 2016. PM 7/103 (2) Meloidogyne enterolobii. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 46(2):190–201.
- Arnau, G., Abraham, M., Sheela, M. N., Chair, H., Sartie, A., and Asiedu, R. 2010. Yam. Pp. 127–147 in J. E. Bradshaw, ed. Root and tuber crops, Handbook of Plant Breeding 7. New York: Springer.
- Atu, U. G., Odurukwe, S. O., and Ogbuji, R. O. 1983. Root-knot nematode damage to Dioscorea rotundata. Plant Disease 67:814–815.
- Ayensu, E. S., and Coursey, D. G. 1972. Guinea yams. The botany, ethnobotany, use and possible future of yams in West Africa. Economic botany 26:301–318.
- Blok, V. C., and Powers, T. O. 2009. Biochemical and molecular identification. Pp. 98–112 in R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Bridge, J. 1998. Plant-parasitic nematode problems in the Pacific islands. Journal of Nematology 20:173–183.
- Bridge, J., Coyne, D. L., and Kwoseh, C. K. 2005. Nematode parasites of tropical root and tuber crops (excluding potatoes). Pp. 221–258 in
- M. Luc, R. A. Sikora, and J. Bridge, eds. Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture, 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Bridge, J., and Starr, J. L. 2007. Plant nematodes of agricultural importance: a colour handbook. UK: CABI Bioscience.
- Carneiro, R. M. D. G., Almeida, M. R. A., and Carneiro, R. G. 1996. Enzyme phenotypes of Brazilian populations of Meloidogyne spp. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 19:555–560.
- Carneiro, R. M. D. G., Almeida, M. R. A., and Qu’en’eh’erv’e, P. 2000. Enzyme phenotypes of Meloidogyne spp. populations. Nematology 2:645–654.
- Castagnone-Sereno, P. 1988. D’esinfection des semences d’igname par thermo ou chimioth’erapie: Efficacit’e n’ematicide et cons’equences agronomiques. Turrialba 38:337–340.
- Castagnone-Sereno, P. 2012. Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis): Profile of an emerging, highly pathogenic, root-knot nematode species. Nematology 14:133–138.
- Caveness, F. E. 1967. Report on nematology project, U.S.A.I.D. Project 620–1 1-1 10-050. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Re-sources, Western Region, Nigeria.
- Caveness, F. E., and Wilson, G. F. 1977. Effect of root-knot nematodes on growth and development of Celosia argentea L. Acta Horticulturae 53:71–74.
- Curran, J., Mcclure, M. A., and Webster, J. M. 1986. Genotypic differentiation of Meloidogyne populations by detection of restriction fragment length difference in total DNA. Journal of Nematology 18:83–86.
- De Moura, R. M. 2006. Principais doenxcas do inhame-da-costa no nordeste do Brasil. Anais da Academia Pernambucana de Ciäncia Agronömica, Recife 3:180–199.
- De Moura, R. M., Carneiro, R. M. D. G., da Silva-Lima, S. T., da Costa, M. B., and Ribeiro, A. R. S. 2010. First report of root-knot nematode on yam ‘S~ao Tom’e’ in Brazil. Nematologia Brasileira 34:178–180.
- Ekundayo, J. A., and Naqvi, S. H. 1972. Preharvest microbial rotting of yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Nigeria. Transactions of British Mycological Society 58:15–18.
- Esbenshade, P. R., and Triantaphyllou 1985. Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Journal of Nematology 17:6–20.
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), FAOSTAT 2014. http://faostat.fao.org.
- Fawole, B. 1988. Histopathology of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infection on white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tubers. Journal of Nematology 20:23–28.
- Gao, Q. K., Zhao, H. H., Xu, M. E., and Liu, W. Z. 2000. Preliminary study on the root-knot nematode disease of yam. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 30:162–165.
- Hartman, K. M., and Sasser, J. N. 1985. Identification of Meloidogyne species on the basis of differential host test and perineal pattern morphology. Pp. 69–77 in K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter, and J. N. Sasser, eds. An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, vol. 2: Methodology. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Graphics.
- Haydock, P. P. J., Woods, S. R., Grove, I. G., and Hare, M. C. 2006. Chemical control of nematodes. Pp. 392–410 in R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Hernandez, A., Fargette, M., and Sarah, J. L. 2004 Characterisation of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from coffee plantations in Central America and Brazil. Nematology 6:193–204.
- Hunt, D. J., and Handoo, Z. A. 2009. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. Pp. 55–97 in R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Janssen, T., Karssen, G., Verhaeven, M., Coyne, D., and Bert, W. 2016. Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution. Scientific Reports 6:22591.
- Jenkins, W. R., and Bird, G. W. 1962. Nematodes associated with wild yam, Dioscorea sp., with special reference to the pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita incognita. Plant Disease Reporter 46:858–860.
- Jepson, S. B. 1987. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Jones, J. T., Haegeman, A., Danchin, E. G. J., Gaur, H. S., Helder, J., Jones, M. G. K., Kikuchi, T., Manzanilla-Lopez, R., Palomares-Rius, J. E., Wesemael, W. M. L., and Perry, R. N. 2013. Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology 14:946–961.
- Karssen, G., van Hoenselaar, T., Verkerk-Bakker, B., and Janssen, R. 1995. Species identification of cyst and root-knot nematodes from potato by electrophoresis of individual females. Electrophoresis 16:105–109.
- Karssen, G., Wesemael, W., and Moens, M. 2013. Root-knot Nematodes. Pp. 73–108 in R. N. Perry, and M. Moens, eds. Plant Nematology, 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Katoh, K., and Standley, D. M. 2013. MAFFT Multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30:772–780.
- Kawamura, T., and Hirano, K. 1961. Host–parasite relationship of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood on yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne). Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 26:7–15.
- Kiewnick, S., Wolf, S., Willareth, M., and Frey, J.-E. 2013. Identification of the tropical root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using a multiplex PCR assay. Nematology 15:891–894.
- Kolombia, Y. A., Kumar, P. L., Claudius-Cole, A. O., Karssen, G., Viaene, N., Coyne, D., and Bert, W. 2016. First report of Meloidogyne enterolobii causing tuber galling damage on white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in Nigeria. Plant Disease 100:10.
- Manzanilla-Lo’pez, R. H., and Starr, J. L. 2009. Interactions with other pathogens. Pp. 223–245 in R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Moens, M., Perry, R. N., and Starr, J. L. 2009. Meloidogyne species— a diverse group of novel and important plant parasites. Pp. 1–17 in
- R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Nwauzor, E. C., and Fawole, B. 1981. Root-knot nematodes on yams in eastern Nigeria. Proceedings of the 3rd Research Planning Conference on Root-knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., Regions IV and V, Ibadan, Nigeria:161–167.
- Nweke, F. I., Ugwu, B. O., Asadu, C. L. A., and Ay, P. 1991. Production costs in the yam-based cropping systems of south-western Nigeria. Resource and Crop Management Division. Research Monograph 6. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria:29.
- Nyczepir, A. P., and Thomas, S. H. 2009. Current and future management strategies in intensive crop production systems. Pp. 412–443 in R. N. Perry, M. Moens, and J. L. Starr, eds. Root-knot nematodes. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
- Onkendi, E. M., Kariuki, G. M., Marais, M., and Moleleki, L. N. 2014. The threat of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Africa: A review. Plant Pathology 63:727–737.
- Orkwor, G. C. 1998. The importance of yams. Pp. 1–12 in G. C Orkwor, R. Asiedu, and I. J. Ekanayake, eds. Food yams: Advances in Research. Nigeria: IITA/NRCRI.
- Pagan, C., Coyne, D., Carneiro, R., Kariuki, G., Luambano, N., Affokpon, A., and Williamson, V. M. 2015. Mitochondrial haplotype-based identification of ethanol-preserved root-knot nematodes from Africa. Phytopathology 105:350–357.
- Park, S. D., Khan, Z., Kim, S., Kim, K., and Min, K. 1998. Occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in yam (Dioscorea batatas) fields in Korea. International Journal of Nematology 8:141–144.
- Powers, T. O., Mullin, P. G., Harris, T. S., Sutton, L. A., and Higgins, R. S. 2005. Incorporating molecular identification of Meloidogyne spp. into a large-scale regional nematode survey. Journal of Nematology 37:226–235.
- Sasser, J. N. 1980. Root-knot nematodes: a global menace to crop production. Plant Disease 64:36–41.
- Schieber, E., and Lassmann, D. K. 1961. Root-knot nematode on Dioscorea in Guatemala. Plant Disease Reporter 45:981.
- Stanton, J. M., McNicol, C. D., and Steele, V. 1998. Non-manual lysis of second-stage Meloidogyne juveniles for identification of pure and mixed samples based on the polymerase chain reaction. Australian Plant Pathology 27:112–115.
- Unny, K. L., and Jerath, M. L. 1965. Parasitic nematodes on Dioscorea spp. in Eastern Nigeria. Plant Disease Reporter 49:875–876.
- Zijlstra, C., Donkers-Venne, D. T. H. M., and Fargette, M. 2000. Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays. Nematology 2:847–853.