SID: a new carbohydrate blood group system based on a well-characterized but still mysterious antigen of great pathophysiologic interest

L. Stenfelt; Å. Hellberg; M.L. Olsson

doi:10.21307/immunohematology-2023-002

SID: a new carbohydrate blood group system based on a well-characterized but still mysterious antigen of great pathophysiologic interest

Immunohematology

Volume 39 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

By: L. Stenfelt, Å. Hellberg and M.L. Olsson

Open Access

|Apr 2023

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Summary of the current knowledge on the genetic basis of null phenotypes in the SID blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system number 038)⁶

Phenotype	Allele name	Nucleotide change^†	rs number	Exon/intron	Resulting amino acid change^†	Accession number
SID:1 or Sd(a+)	SID01*	…	…	…	…	AJ517770
Sd(a−)	SID01N.01*^‡	c.1396T>C	rs7224888	E10	p.Cys466Arg	MK765047
Sd(a−)	SID01N.02*	c.1134+5G>A	rs72835417	i8	Splice-site defect predicted	MK797056
Sd(a−)	SID01N.03*	c.1307A>G	rs148441237	E10	p.Glu436Arg	MK765048
Sd(a−)	SID01N.04*	c.1567C>T	rs61743617	E11	p.Arg523Trp	MK765049

1† Refers to nucleotide or resulting amino acid sequences in comparison with transcript AJ517770.

1‡ The predominant allele associated with the Sd(a−) phenotype and the only one in vitro confirmed to abolish Sd^a synthesis.^7–9

Table 2.

Prevalence of the RBC phenotypes in specified populations

RBC phenotype	Prevalence (%)	Population	Size of study/ies
Sd(a−)	9 (2–4 in other tissue)	British	290 and 144
Sd(a+)	91	British
Cad	0–0.07	French	250,000* and 78,526*
	0.03	Japanese	51,429* and 3183^†
	0.14	Canadian	1425*
	0.26	Thai	14,261*

1 Table constructed with data from Renton et al.,² Macvie et al.,¹ Morton et al.,¹³ Morton et al.,¹⁴ Cazal et al.,¹⁵ Gerbal et al.,¹⁶ Yamaguchi et al.,¹⁷ Lewis et al.,¹⁸ and Sringarm et al.¹⁹

1* Group O and B donors tested with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin.

1† Group A and AB donors tested with anti-Cad (chicken immune serum).

1 RBC = red blood cell.

Schematic structure of Sd^a/Cad and its carriers/precursors in different tissues. Sd^a on Cad phenotype red blood cells are carried as glycosphingolipid conjugates, O-GalNAc structures on glycophorin A (GPA), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), and as N-glycans on Band 3.^9,33,34 Uromodulin found in urine exhibits Sd^a carried on N-glycans,^36–38 while it is found on O-GalNAc type 3 core structures on the mucins produced in the colon.⁴⁰ *Gal-GalNAc/GlcNAc glycosidic linkages have not been defined. The O-GalNAc glycan of ENT1 is expected to be a core 1 (Galβ1-3-GalNAc-) moiety, while the Band 3 N-glycan is a complex biantennary structure with either β3 or β4 linkage.⁹

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2023-002 | Journal eISSN: 1930-3955 | Journal ISSN: 0894-203X

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 1 - 10

Published on: Apr 5, 2023

Published by: American National Red Cross

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

Sd^a,

blood group,

carbohydrate,

glycosyl-transferase,

Related subjects:

© 2023 L. Stenfelt, Å. Hellberg, M.L. Olsson, published by American National Red Cross
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 39 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)

SID: a new carbohydrate blood group system based on a well-characterized but still mysterious antigen of great pathophysiologic interest

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Table 2.

Fig. 1

Paradigm

My account