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SID: a new carbohydrate blood group system based on a well-characterized but still mysterious antigen of great pathophysiologic interest Cover

SID: a new carbohydrate blood group system based on a well-characterized but still mysterious antigen of great pathophysiologic interest

Immunohematology
Volume 39 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)
By: L. Stenfelt,  Å. Hellberg and  M.L. Olsson  
Open Access
|Apr 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Schematic structure of Sda/Cad and its carriers/precursors in different tissues. Sda on Cad phenotype red blood cells are carried as glycosphingolipid conjugates, O-GalNAc structures on glycophorin A (GPA), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), and as N-glycans on Band 3.9,33,34 Uromodulin found in urine exhibits Sda carried on N-glycans,36–38 while it is found on O-GalNAc type 3 core structures on the mucins produced in the colon.40 *Gal-GalNAc/GlcNAc glycosidic linkages have not been defined. The O-GalNAc glycan of ENT1 is expected to be a core 1 (Galβ1-3-GalNAc-) moiety, while the Band 3 N-glycan is a complex biantennary structure with either β3 or β4 linkage.9
Schematic structure of Sda/Cad and its carriers/precursors in different tissues. Sda on Cad phenotype red blood cells are carried as glycosphingolipid conjugates, O-GalNAc structures on glycophorin A (GPA), and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), and as N-glycans on Band 3.9,33,34 Uromodulin found in urine exhibits Sda carried on N-glycans,36–38 while it is found on O-GalNAc type 3 core structures on the mucins produced in the colon.40 *Gal-GalNAc/GlcNAc glycosidic linkages have not been defined. The O-GalNAc glycan of ENT1 is expected to be a core 1 (Galβ1-3-GalNAc-) moiety, while the Band 3 N-glycan is a complex biantennary structure with either β3 or β4 linkage.9

Prevalence of the RBC phenotypes in specified populations

RBC phenotypePrevalence (%)PopulationSize of study/ies
Sd(a−)9 (2–4 in other tissue)British290 and 144
Sd(a+)91British
Cad0–0.07French250,000* and 78,526*
0.03Japanese51,429* and 3183†
0.14Canadian1425*
0.26Thai14,261*

Summary of the current knowledge on the genetic basis of null phenotypes in the SID blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system number 038)6

PhenotypeAllele nameNucleotide change†rs numberExon/intronResulting amino acid change†Accession number
SID:1 or Sd(a+)SID*01…………AJ517770
Sd(a−)SID*01N.01‡c.1396T>Crs7224888E10p.Cys466ArgMK765047
Sd(a−)SID*01N.02c.1134+5G>Ars72835417i8Splice-site defect predictedMK797056
Sd(a−)SID*01N.03c.1307A>Grs148441237E10p.Glu436ArgMK765048
Sd(a−)SID*01N.04c.1567C>Trs61743617E11p.Arg523TrpMK765049
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/immunohematology-2023-002 | Journal eISSN: 1930-3955 | Journal ISSN: 0894-203X
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Language: English
Page range: 1 - 10
Published on: Apr 5, 2023
Published by: American National Red Cross
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Sda,
blood group,
carbohydrate,
glycosyl-transferase,
genotype1,
phenotype
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Laboratory medicine

© 2023 L. Stenfelt, Å. Hellberg, M.L. Olsson, published by American National Red Cross
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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