Testing the Rip Van Winkle Effect: Sleep Extension following Nominal and Restricted Sleep

Hilditch, CJ; Dement, WC; Carskadon, MA

doi:10.21307/esw-2020-001

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Protocol schematic. BL: baseline; MEM: Williams word memory test; POMS: Profile Of Mood States; SLT: sleep latency test; SSS: Stanford Sleepiness Scale; WAVT: Wilkinson auditory vigilance task.

Mean (± SEM) values for MSLT and neurobehavioural outcomes across time-of-day for each condition. Some scales reversed so that all panels show higher alertness and performance in upwards direction. NC: experimental control night following baseline nominal; RC: experimental control night following baseline restricted; NE: experimental extended night following baseline nominal; RE: experimental extended night following baseline restricted.

Change in objective (MSLT) and subjective (SSS) sleepiness after extended sleep (NE) compared to control sleep (NC) (both nights following nominal baseline sleep) for each participant.

Bed, sleep, wake and rise times for each laboratory study night_

Schedule	Bed Time	Sleep Time	Wake Time	Rise Time
Baseline Nominal (N)	2300	2300	0730	0730
Baseline Restricted (R)	2300	0100^*	0730	0730
Experimental Control (C)	2300	2300	0730^*	1000
Experimental Extended (E)	2300	2300	1000	1000

Results from the linear mixed-effects ANOVA for neurobehavioural outcomes_

				Planned comparisons (p-values)
	df	F	P	NC v NE	RC v RE	NE v RE
MSLT
Condition	3,152	11.779	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.311
Time-of-day	4,152	22.318	<0.001
Cond*Time	12,152	1.384	0.179
SSS
Condition	3,152	1.620	0.187	-	-	-
Time-of-day	4,152	3.111	0.017
Cond*Time	12,152	0.525	0.896
POMS Fatigue
Condition	3,120	3.917	0.010	0.510	0.001	0.122
Time-of-day	3,120	7.575	<0.001
Cond*Time	9,120	1.172	0.319
POMS Vigor
Condition	3,120	4.366	0.006	0.030	0.006	0.919
Time-of-day	3,120	3.256	0.024
Cond*Time	9,120	1.278	0.256
WAVT
Condition	3,120	0.873	0.457	-	-	-
Time-of-day	3,120	3.002	0.033
Cond*Time	9,120	0.999	0.445
MEM
Condition	3,120	0.440	0.725	-	-	-
Time-of-day	3,120	0.185	0.906
Cond*Time	9,120	0.279	0.979

Sleep variables for each study night_

	N	R	NC	RC	NE	RE
TIB	510	390	510	510	660	660
TST	489 (19)^bf	383 (8)ⁱ	491 (11)^bf	493 (15)^bf	620 (40)^abc	625 (22)^abc
Stage 1	35 (16)^bh	18 (7)ⁱ	32 (14)^bf	28 (14)^bf	41 (18)^bc	47 (20)^abc
Stage 2	264 (33)^bf	202 (24)ⁱ	267 (27)^bf	256 (16)^bf	334 (42)^abc	317 (32)^abc
SWS	83 (27)^h	76 (26)^ef	83 (21)^h	86 (28)^b	89 (28)^b	96 (31)^abd
REM	101 (22)^bf	83 (21)ⁱ	101 (18)^bef	116 (20)ⁱ	148 (18)^abc	157 (34)^abc
REM Periods (n)	4.8 (0.9)^bf	4 (0.9)ⁱ	4.7 (0.9)^bf	4.9 (0.6)^bf	6.7 (1.1)^abc	6.6 (1.2)^abc
SOL	9 (9)^b	4 (2)^adg	13 (10)^bhd	5h (3)^h	10b (10)^b	7 (5)^d
WASO	12 (18)^bh	4 (6)^af	6 (4)^f	10 (15)^h	19 (20)^bd	23 (21)^abc

Sleepiness, mood and performance for each experimental condition_

	NC	RC	NE	RE
MSLT (min)	10.1 (7.4)^a	9.4 (6.9)^b	14.2 (6.6)	13.3 (7.1)
SSS	2.9 (0.7)	3.0 (0.9)	2.8 (0.8)	2.8 (0.7)
POMS Fatigue	3.7 (4.0)	4.3 (4.3)^b	3.3 (3.1)	2.4 (2.6)
POMS Vigor	7.2 (5.8)^a	6.6 (5.9)^b	9.0 (6.2)	8.9 (6.6)
WAVT (No. missed)	1.6 (2.5)	1.4 (2.0)	1.3 (1.7)	1.0 (1.0)
MEM (No. correct)	15.0 (4.1)	14.1 (4.3)	14.6 (4.9)	14.8 (5.1)

Testing the Rip Van Winkle Effect: Sleep Extension following Nominal and Restricted Sleep

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Bed, sleep, wake and rise times for each laboratory study night_

Results from the linear mixed-effects ANOVA for neurobehavioural outcomes_

Sleep variables for each study night_

Sleepiness, mood and performance for each experimental condition_

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