Analysis of the Effects of Using Classical and Modified Pool Water Treatment Technologies

Figures & Tables

Swimming pool	Characteristic features of the filtration and/or disinfection process	Division of swimming pools according to the similarity criterion
P1	Classic system (CS)	Group of pools with a classic, or similar to a classic, water treatment system (P classic WTS)
P2	CS + Activated carbon layer in the filter
P3	CS + Membrane electrolysis for NaOCl production
P4	CS + Medium pressure UV lamps
P5	CS + Low pressure UV lamps and membrane electrolysis for NaOCl production
P6	CS + Zeolite filters with a layer of activated carbon and calcium hypochlorite for disinfection
P7	Pola® system	Group of pools with a modified water treatment system, in relation to a classic water treatment system (P modified WTS)
P8	Filter bed - diatomaceous earth, SPID WOFIL® ozonation system, medium pressure UV lamp
P9	DAISY® system, medium pressure UV lamp
P10	Ozonation of part of the optoZON® stream and membrane electrolysis to generate NaOCl

Parameter	P1		P2		P3		P4		P5		P6		P7		P8		P9		P10		Permissible values according to [2]
	P classic WTS												P modified WTS
	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av	Me	Av
pH,-	7.2	7.1	7.4	7.4	7.1	7.1	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.2	7.2	7.1	7.1	7.0	7.0	7.3	7.3	7.1	7.1	6.5-7.6
Redox, mV	731	730	622	645	771	763	724	723	729	730	713	710	711	716	756	739	759	758	749	747	> 750
Temperature, °C	27.9	27.9	28.6	28.6	28.2	28.2	27.7	27.7	27.7	27.7	28.0	28.0	28.1	28.1	27.2	27.1	27.7	27.7	27.9	27.9	26.0-30.0
Turbidity, NTU	0.25	0.27	0.16	0.20	0.28	0.29	0.26	0.26	0.42	0.41	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.36	0.35	0.13	0.12	0.26	0.26	0.50
Nitrates, mg NO₃^-/L	3.68	3.57	9.90	9.74	3.95	5.08	4.48	5.01	7.12	7.49	8.54	8.78	5.30	5.80	5.15	4.66	2.10	1.88	7.64	8.17	20.00
Ammonium ion, mg NH₄⁺/L	0.1	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.22	0.24	0.06	0.05	0.23	0.24	0.11	0.10	0.15	0.16	0.17	0.17	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.05	0.50
Permanganate index, mg O₂/L	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.0	1.9	4.4	4.5	3.6	3.7	1.9	2.0	1.4	1.4	2.6	2.6	1.8	1.8	2.1	2.1	4.0
TOC, mg C/L	3.65	3.69	3.21	3.28	3.14	3.11	3.34	3.37	3.65	3.68	1.57	1.61	2.29	2.28	3.24	3.39	2.95	2.82	2.95	2.89	4.00
Free chlorine, mg Cl₂/L	0.41	0.41	0.49	0.50	0.41	0.42	0.33	0.33	0.35	0.35	0.43	0.43	0.52	0.51	0.57	0.56	0.54	0.53	0.41	0.40	0.30-0.60
Combined chlorine, mg Cl₂/L	0.29	0.29	0.25	0.22	0.29	0.29	0.20	0.20	0.36	0.36	0.32	0.32	0.16	0.15	0.19	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.19	0.19	0.30
Chloroform, mg/L	0.034	0.033	0.026	0.025	0.025	0.024	0.025	0.024	0.037	0.036	0.030	0.032	0.012	0.011	0.030	0.030	0.018	0.018	0.017	0.016	0.030
THMs, mg/L	0.042	0.042	0.030	0.027	0.031	0.030	0.032	0.033	0.043	0.045	0.040	0.043	0.014	0.013	0.041	0.041	0.020	0.020	0.022	0.021	0.100

Parameter	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10
pH,-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Redox, mV	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Temperature, °C	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Turbidity, NTU	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Nitrates, mg NO₃^-/L	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Ammonium ion, mg NH₄⁺/L	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Permanganate index, mg O₂/L	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
TOC, mg C/L	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Free chlorine, mg Cl₂/L	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Combined chlorine, mg Cl₂/L	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+
Chloroform, mg/L	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	+
THMs, mg/L	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Sum “+”	10	11	12	10	9	9	11	11	12	11
Sum “-”	2	1	0	2	3	3	1	1	0	1
“+” means the fulfillment of the water treatment effect within the given parameter
“-” means failure to the water treatment effect within the given parameter

Parameter	The tested swimming pools
Parameter	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10
Dimensions of the pool basin, m	12.5×25	12.5×25	8.5×25	12.5×25	12.5×25	12.5×25	12.5×25	16×25	12.5×25	12.5×25 + 6 places for hydromassage
Depth of the pool basin, m	1.2-1.8	1.1-1.8	1.80	1.6-1.8	1.2-1.8	1.2-1.8	1.2-2.2	1.2-1.8	1.2-1.8	1.2-1.8
Volume of the pool basin, m³	469.0	453.0	382.5	513.3	562.0	469.0	531.0	601.2	469.0	484.0
Usable area UA, m²	312.5	312.5	212.5	312.5	312.5	312.5	312.5	400.0	312.5	322.4
Attendance, person/h	22	12	16	12	14	14	12	25	16	18