Table 1.
Waste Composition by Income Level [7]
| Rated according to World Bank estimates of 2015 GNI per capita, PPP | Waste Composition by Income Level, % | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food and scraps | Paper and cardboard | Plastic | Glass | Rubber and leather | Wood | Metal | Other | |
| High ($12,476 or more) | 32 | 25 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
| Upper middle ($4,036-$12,475) | 54 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 15 |
| Lower middle ($1,026-$4,035) | 53 | 12,5 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 17 |
| Low ($1,025 or less) | 56 | 7 | 6.4 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 17 |
Table 2.
Tasks and indicators of the 12th goal “Responsible Consumption and Production” for the Sustainable Development of Ukraine [10]
| Target | Indicator | Target values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | 2030 | ||
| 12.4. Reduce the amount of waste generation, and increase recycling and reuse through innovative technologies and production | 12.4.1. Volume of waste generated by all economic activities per unit of GDP, kg USD 1,000 PPP in 2011 | 977.4 | 950.0 | 880.0 | 800.0 |
| 12.4.2. Share of burned and recycled waste in the total waste generated, % | 30 | 35 | 45 | 55 | |
Table 3.
| Years → | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population, million people 1 | 43.1 | 42.9 | 42.8 | 42.6 | 42.4 | 42.2 | 41.9 |
| The amount of municipal waste, million tons | 11.6 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.1 | 10.4 |
| Specific amount, kg/person | 270.1 | 226.0 | 215.7 | 255.7 | 233.7 | 215.3 | 248.6 |
Table 4.
Recycling of mixed waste and separately collected waste in Finland in 2018 [22]
| Parameters | Total waste treatment | Material recovery (w/o aerobic and anaerobic digestion) | Aerobic and anaerobic digestion | Energy recovery | Incineration without energy recovery | Landfilling |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed Waste, % | 48.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 97.2 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Separately collected waste total, of which: | 47.1 | |||||
| – Paper and cardboard waste, % | 92.9 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| – Biodegradable waste | 3.2% | 86.5% | 9.9% | 0.0% | 0.4% | |
| – Glass waste | 88.7% | 0.0% | 5.5% | 5.2% | 1.3% | |
| – Metal waste | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
| – Wood waste | 49.2% | 0.1% | 50.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
| – Plastic waste | 63.1% | 0.0% | 36.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | |
| – Electrical and electronic waste | 100.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
| – Other separately collected fractions | 10.6% | 35.6% | 43.8% | 2.7% | 7.4% | |
| Other and unspecified waste | 4.8 | 1.1% | 1.6% | 7.2% | 2.0% | 15.3% |
Table 5.
Municipal waste recycling and treatment in Finland [24]
| Parameters | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recycling, ths tons a year | 919 | 827 | 948 | 912 | 873 | 856 | 1108 | 1163 | 1140 | 1286 |
| Incineration and energy recovery, ths tons a year | 463 | 556 | 678 | 925 | 1137 | 1316 | 1315 | 1515 | 1646 | 1733 |
| landfill and other, ths tons a year | 1180 | 1136 | 1093 | 901 | 672 | 458 | 315 | 90 | 26 | 22 |
Table 6.
Development dynamics of the municipal waste treatment [18]
| Parameters | Years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| The number of settlements in which separately collection of municipal waste is organized, settlement | 503 | 496 | 398 | 575 | 822 | 1181 | 1462 |
| Number of semi-automatic waste recycling machines, pcs. | 21 | 21 | 20 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 34 |
| Number of waste-to-energy plants with heat recovery, pcs. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Number of waste incineration plants without energy recovery, pcs. | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Table 7.
Dynamics of municipal solid waste treatment [18]
| Parameters | Years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| Secondary raw material collection points, % | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
| Waste recycling facilities, % | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
| Composting areas, % | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Waste incineration plants, % | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 1.9 |
| Solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) % | 96.0 | 96.4 | 94.2 | 95.2 | 93.4 | 93.2 | 94.2 |
Table 8.
Contribution fractions of municipal waste in the major cities of Ukraine [29]
| Parameters | Kyiv | Kharkiv | Dnipro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population, people [19] | 2,950,819 | 1,450,082 | 1,002,944 |
| Paper Cardboard waste, % | 13.5 | 13.3 | 9 |
| Biodegradable waste | 44.0 | 50.8 | 46.5 |
| Glass waste | 9.5 | 10.5 | 9.2 |
| Metal waste | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
| Wood waste | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
| Plastic waste | 21.5 | 11.6 | 20.4 |
| Other fractions | 7.8 | 11.6 | 13.2 |
Table 9.
Dynamics of the reduction in the number of landfills and dumps of municipal waste [18]
| Parameters | Years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| Number of landfills, ths. facilities | 6.70 | 5.98 | 6.06 | 5.47 | 5.43 | 6.11 | 6.07 |
| Number of unauthorized dumps, ths. facilities | 30 | 24 | 28 | 27.5 | 30 | 26.6 | 26.9 |
| Area of landfills, km2 | 100 | 93.8 | 90.8 | 90.1 | 85.8 | 91.7 | 88.4 |
| Area of unauthorized dumps, km2 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 7.5 | 5.8 |