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Features of Municipal Waste Management in the Context of Sustainable Development in the Countries with High Gni Per Capita and Lower Middle Gni Per Capita on the Example of Finland and Ukraine Cover

Features of Municipal Waste Management in the Context of Sustainable Development in the Countries with High Gni Per Capita and Lower Middle Gni Per Capita on the Example of Finland and Ukraine

Open Access
|Apr 2021

Figures & Tables

Tasks and indicators of the 12th goal “Responsible Consumption and Production” for the Sustainable Development of Ukraine [10]

TargetIndicatorTarget values
2015202020252030
12.4. Reduce the amount of waste generation, and increase recycling and reuse through innovative technologies and production12.4.1. Volume of waste generated by all economic activities per unit of GDP, kg USD 1,000 PPP in 2011977.4950.0880.0800.0
12.4.2. Share of burned and recycled waste in the total waste generated, %30354555

Development dynamics of the municipal waste treatment [18]

ParametersYears
2013201420152016201720182019
The number of settlements in which separately collection of municipal waste is organized, settlement50349639857582211811462
Number of semi-automatic waste recycling machines, pcs.21212022252634
Number of waste-to-energy plants with heat recovery, pcs.1111111
Number of waste incineration plants without energy recovery, pcs.3333333

Recycling of mixed waste and separately collected waste in Finland in 2018 [22]

ParametersTotal waste treatmentMaterial recovery (w/o aerobic and anaerobic digestion)Aerobic and anaerobic digestionEnergy recoveryIncineration without energy recoveryLandfilling
Mixed Waste, %48.20.91.097.20.00.9
Separately collected waste total, of which:47.1
– Paper and cardboard waste, % 92.90.07.10.00.0
– Biodegradable waste 3.2%86.5%9.9%0.0%0.4%
– Glass waste 88.7%0.0%5.5%5.2%1.3%
– Metal waste 100.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
– Wood waste 49.2%0.1%50.6%0.0%0.0%
– Plastic waste 63.1%0.0%36.0%0.0%0.8%
– Electrical and electronic waste 100.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
– Other separately collected fractions 10.6%35.6%43.8%2.7%7.4%
Other and unspecified waste4.81.1%1.6%7.2%2.0%15.3%

Contribution fractions of municipal waste in the major cities of Ukraine [29]

ParametersKyivKharkivDnipro
Population, people [19]2,950,8191,450,0821,002,944
Paper Cardboard waste, %13.513.39
Biodegradable waste44.050.846.5
Glass waste9.510.59.2
Metal waste1.40.91.3
Wood waste2.31.30.4
Plastic waste21.511.620.4
Other fractions7.811.613.2

Dynamics of the generation of municipal solid waste in Ukraine in 2013–2019 [18, 19]

Years →2013201420152016201720182019
Population, million people 1 43.142.942.842.642.442.241.9
The amount of municipal waste, million tons11.69.79.210.99.99.110.4
Specific amount, kg/person270.1226.0215.7255.7233.7215.3248.6

Dynamics of municipal solid waste treatment [18]

ParametersYears
2013201420152016201720182019
Secondary raw material collection points, %1.01.51.41.21.51.61.2
Waste recycling facilities, %1.70.81.41.32.62.92.9
Composting areas, %0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Waste incineration plants, %1.31.52.82.42.52.31.9
Solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) %96.096.494.295.293.493.294.2

Municipal waste recycling and treatment in Finland [24]

Parameters2009201020112012201320142015201620172018
Recycling, ths tons a year9198279489128738561108116311401286
Incineration and energy recovery, ths tons a year463556678925113713161315151516461733
landfill and other, ths tons a year118011361093901672458315902622

Dynamics of the reduction in the number of landfills and dumps of municipal waste [18]

ParametersYears
2013201420152016201720182019
Number of landfills, ths. facilities6.705.986.065.475.436.116.07
Number of unauthorized dumps, ths. facilities30242827.53026.626.9
Area of landfills, km210093.890.890.185.891.788.4
Area of unauthorized dumps, km22015101287.55.8

Waste Composition by Income Level [7]

Rated according to World Bank estimates of 2015 GNI per capita, PPPWaste Composition by Income Level, %
Food and scrapsPaper and cardboardPlasticGlassRubber and leatherWoodMetalOther
High ($12,476 or more)322513544611
Upper middle ($4,036-$12,475)541211411215
Lower middle ($1,026-$4,035)5312,511311217
Low ($1,025 or less)5676.41-1217
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2021-009 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
Language: English
Page range: 95 - 106
Submitted on: Sep 30, 2021
Accepted on: Dec 28, 2021
Published on: Apr 17, 2021
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2021 Nonna PAVLIUK, Oleksandra MATYUKHINA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.