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Test results for specimens M16_4/0 without washers
| Specimen | Number of washers w | (Fmax) [kN] | δ (Fmax) [mm] | Bearing factor acc. to test Fmax/2fudt | Bearing factor acc. to EC3 [10] k 1 αb | Characteristic bearing resistance acc. to EC3 [10] 2Fb,Rk = 2k 1 αb fudt[kN] | Fmax /(2Fb,RK )]·100% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| M16.4/0-1 | 0 | 101.6 | 15.8 | 2.19 | 2.31 | 107.2 | 95 |
| M16.4/0-2 | 96.7 | 16.6 | 2.08 | 90 | |||
| M16.4/0-3 | 103.3 | 14.3 | 2.23 | 96 | |||
| M16.4/0-4 | 102.1 | 16.8 | 2.20 | 95 | |||
| M16.4/0-5 | 101.6 | 16.8 | 2.19 | 95 |
Comparison of bearing factors for specimens with M16 bolts and blind fasteners BOM R16
| Bearing factor | Differences [%] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aF,b/fudt | aF,bb/fud0t | |||
| M16.4/2 w = 2 | M16.4/0 w = 0 | B0M-S.4 B0M-KSW.4 | [(l)/(3)-l]-100% | [(2)/(3)-l]·100% |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 2.371) | 2.183) | 2.004) | 18.5 | 9.0 |
Nodal forces in frame for various types of joint model
| Node | Displacement | Type of joint model | Differences [%] | Limit displacement [mm] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rigid | Semi-rigid | Nominally pinned | ([4]/[6]-1)·100% | ([5]/[6]-1)·100% | ||||
| BOM R16 | BOM R16 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| N4 | Horizontal [mm] | 2.1 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 39 | 69 | 35 |
| N36 | Vertical [mm] | 27.9 | 49.8 | 53.8 | 33.9 | 47 | 56 | 96 |
Test results for specimens M16_4/4 with washers under the bolt head and nut
| Specimen | Number of washers w | (Fmax) [kN] | δ (Fmax) [mm] | Bearing factor acc. to test Fmax/2fudt | Bearing factor acc. to EC3 [10] k 1 αb | Characteristic bearing resistance acc. to EC3 [10] 2Fb,Rk = 2k 1 αb fudt[kN] | [Fmax /(2Fb,RK )]·100% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| M16.4/4-1 | 4 | 120.01) | 12.0 | - | 2.31 | 107.2 | 112 |
| M16.4/4-2 | 122.41) | 11.5 | - | 114 | |||
| M16.4/4-3 | 142.52) | 9.1 | - | 133 |
Initial stiffness of connections in tested specimens
| Specimen | Initial stiffness [kN/mm] |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |
| M16.4 | 14.11) |
| BOM-S.4 | 27.92) |
| BOM-KSW.4 | 40.92) |
Test results for specimens M16_4/2 with washers under the nut only
| Specimen | Number of washers w | (Fmax) [kN] | δ (Fmax) [mm] | Bearing factor acc. to test Fmax/2fudt | Bearing factor acc. to EC3 [10] k 1 αb | Characteristic bearing resistance acc. to EC3 [10] 2Fb,Rk = 2k 1 αb fudt[kN] | Fmax /(2Fb,RK )]·100% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| M16.4/2-1 | 2 | 108.2 | 15.4 | 2.33 | 2.31 | 107.2 | 101 |
| M16.4/2-2 | 107.9 | 17.1 | 2.33 | 100 | |||
| M16.4/2-3 | 110.2 | 16.7 | 2.37 | 103 | |||
| M16.4/2-4 | 109.6 | 16.3 | 2.36 | 102 | |||
| M16.4/2-5 | 114.1 | 19.0 | 2.46 | 106 |
Parameters of specimens with M16 bolts and BOM R16-4 fasteners
| Specimen | Type | d [mm] | d 0 [mm] | e 1/d 0 | p 1/d 0 | A [mm2] | t [mm] | Steel grade | fy [MPa] | fu [MPa] | fudt [kN] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| M16.4 | M16x35-8.8 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 2.78 | 5.56 | 157 | 3.69 | S235 | 283 | 393 | 23.2 |
| B0M-S.4 | BOM R16-4 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 3.50 | 6.99 | 161 * | 4.06 | S235 | 260 | 343 | 19.9 * |
| B0M-KSW.4 | BOM R16-4 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 3.57 | 7.14 | 154 * | 4.00 | S355 | 362 | 522 | 29.2 * |