HERITAGE AND INNOVATION IN SERBIAN 21ST CENTURY ARCHITECTURE – GENUINE TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES

MILOŠEVIĆ, Predrag; MILOŠEVIĆ, Vladimir; MILOŠEVIĆ, Grigor

doi:10.21307/acee-2019-003

Figure 1.

Village houses’ types in Yugoslavia. Respectively, from above: The Dinarid loghouse, The bondruk house, The Pannonic rammed earth house, The coastal stone masonry house, The Slovenian loghouse. (Source: Borivoje Milojević (1953) Types of villages and village-houses in Yugoslavia)

Figure 2.

Traditional architecture in northern Serbia, Vojvodina. (Source: “Naš dom”(Our home), issue No. 6 (June’81), vol.XV ČGP Večer, Maribor 1981, http://p.calameoassets.com/100826174539-7742ad3ad29f2432447107df74645671/p2.jpg)

Figure 3 and 4.

Rammed earth houses in northern Serbia, Vojvodina. (Source: Aleksandar Deroko, Folk architecture in Yugoslavia, Naučna knjiga, Beograd, 1964)

Figure 5.

Examples of street facing facades of the below mentioned house types – The Small (1), Expanded (2) and Extended (3) house type. The materials, building height and façade decorations show the gradual growth in inhabitants’ wealth and status (Source: M Đekić, “Narodno graditeljstvo Vojvodine: Kuća kao spomenik kulture” (Vernacular architecture in Vojvodina: The house as a cultural monument), 1994, https://agroplus.rs/serijal-ruralni-turizam-vojvodine-38/)

Figure 6.

Ground floor of the village house in Vojvodina. (Source: “Naš dom” (Our home), issue No. 6 (June’81), vol.XV ČGP Večer, Maribor 1981, http://p.calameoassets.com/100826174539-7742ad3ad29f2432447107df74645671/p7.jpg)

Figure 7.

Wooden joining types used in traditional loghouses: 1. Cut-out, (usjek) log bonding, 2. Two ways of forming cut-out, (usjek) bond between beams, 3. Dovetail cut-out, (ćert) bonds between beams, 4. The base dovetail cut-out (ćert) bond between two interior walls, 5. Dado joint between beams and a common pillar (na unizu) used in construction of „talpara” houses, 6. Basement dovetail bond (ćert) between walls that share a common pillar (na unizu). (Source: Ranko Findrik, Folk architecture – Housing, Museum Old Village, Sirogojno, 1994)

Figure 8 and 9.

Loghouse on mount Tara, left and in Sirogojno, on the mount of Zlatibor, right (Source: Ranko Findrik, Folk architecture – Housing, Museum Old Village, Sirogojno, 1994

Figure 10.

The semi-loghouse. (Source: Ranko Findrik, Folk architecture – Housing, Museum Old Village, Sirogojno, 1994)

Figure 11.

“Bondruk” house. (Source: Photos of old Belgrade 1850–1960, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=406398&page=893)

Figure 12.

“Bondruk” house. (Source: Photos of old Belgrade 1850–1960, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=406398&page=893)

Figure 13.

Development of the village home: (1) The first picture shows a basic home with only one room – the fireplace, which forms the base of all larger homes. It usually had two doors on opposite sides. (2) The second picture shows the evolution of the base, where the fireplace was moved to one of the corners and a chimney added on top of it, along the base room, another small multifunctional room is added. Since the fireplace is no longer in the middle of the house, the second entry door is eliminated for practicality. (3) The third evolution is marked by the addition of a front porch and small storehouse along the room. This was a wealthier home, and as such it needed more space for the inhabitants’ crafts and provisions. (Source: Ranko Findrik, Folk architecture – Housing, Museum Old Village, Sirogojno, 1994)

Figure 14 and 15.

The oldest house in Šumadija, Botunje near Kragujevac, 18th Century (Source: The oldest authentic house in Šumadija, stills from the movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rrp06WtWq-o)

Figure 16.

The Morava house. (Source: Branislav Kojić, Rural architecture: theory and elements. Građevinska knjiga, Beograd, 1973)

Figure 17 and 18.

Ganića tower in Rožaje, left (beginning of the 19th Century) and Redžepagića tower in Plav, right (15th–17th Century). (Sources: Wikimedia Commons Rožaje Ganića Kula, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rozaje_Ganica_Kula.JPG and Portal Montenegrina, Plav Kula Redžepagića, http://montenegrina.net/fokus/plav-kula-redzepagica/)

Figure 19 and 20.

Master Jovan’s konak in Čačak, left (1835) and Radul Bey’s konak in Zaječar, right (before 1833). (Sources: National Museum Čačak, Residence of Jovan Obrenović, https://www.cacakmuzej.org.rs/en/residence_of_jovan_obrenovic.html) and Naj Zaječar – Radul Begov konak, http://www.srpskilegat.rs/radul-begov-konak/)

Figure 21.

Radul Bey’s konak in Zaječar (before 1833). (Source: Town house of the Balkan type in Serbia, http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1488803) and Naj Zaječar – Radul Begov konak, http://www.srpskilegat.rs/radul-begov-konak/