Figure 1.
![Diagram of façade serration. Diagram by the author. Originally published in [2]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706ed383f1392090d69738/j_acee-2018-050_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEBO3RRYE%2F20260126%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260126T094426Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCIsNKRUZ6qSaHyCRo8j8neiUlJCXaCfReSx4SHH6BymAIgfHtlLtjB%2BYC6sX%2BazOnzGJPG6hfsm0fovzK8L4fbHUgqvQUIOBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDAEWkxo6xOf9hVW8pSqaBXyZ6csIyCc1ntKdcvRpPlM8TBjzGSCAEssLGqfp1RSCJm1N1%2BoHZAKTGfp425oqOEQUDAwdYdPhebJqHKB8YODRhcFZ%2Be0jChXd8YUJV9BhZoRc0r5y%2Fdv4B%2FeABMBUEbo6uPpSs8jp8C2f5%2B0vi85n3VuzXShNEhSxWnJMJDw32P%2BBepfZNX5pcEYX98GD9dY1QVNixA%2FG6XkJ3RPl3RRPd62SiwYoig7uF%2BaR2uOZoRRwwo5EPRCXyji4QYgxbtkJMzeQbqxrSGh5%2Fx8tWZ4ySn%2BQewNR2kTSGFgmZE5InXAR0g5F9Up7F4sWppXLQ%2BL711CKyKBztMpEfHWy9n%2FUWxavpWJLyIKxz5Tn54wI0sxhjkdk1RYpfP6t%2B4suRz7yQmKz88xs5fAKLJKCHC4LdzMpddljUt%2FvWNRT3YlhNNP6uiwuo7azMIDBj%2F1oC%2Ff4mRF3%2FZK9b1RdLr%2F28KlLB6QaJ1doucIAPzLRWxJUeqeWenkUeJIX5SxAa8rs3xuD3YepmV0MTJL4NR93b%2BfraG4Ixr3WUqnCaj9%2FZmEM7iHIv1c9kMj%2BehacS9lu0TgXkOZfpaIxQHynV9Ek6y%2Bm4xuC1srDrRapm62%2F68r1WZG0%2F2TU129i5Jw%2Fy6bz94DpKxDuS8DQX2m9AAk5%2F%2Bvt6YydAFU%2FD6ehGl43exC4q6cyoJN7xX1oHLcOE8PoqpbyQc%2B4odIVcLllC5PSS%2BmxRLgFCYlMxoSbXpiExEAcmyL9P2NiuLXroJEr0avJ9MpfrB4Cs6u5%2BG7xuvA9dwynpa9zgoW4EOog%2BIO1bwi7BwKBQVG4Ij7gAZqTkSWwHxWDRgB%2B8EgkXfpvMen33w6ottDKnYTKTafrMU5RudiIXqr4E5BTZa0%2B7TCWpdzLBjqxASz21wNNSl4faurIC67w4BlU7Gj%2BPEh5ouc%2FxEw6wGQJfPnGhLnS6s0xOYGWr2vpLmZtd1Wc2wX%2FPGUAwXY0joM11R6zL5lvlTQJwA3EuxopkXFt48y8HHus57LxftNN5bgYWyonFuoGTXmdZxpRi7llpR1h0jGeMBaIVNA%2FPJGLI1kacaW6dSs0pMHvo9f5xsI9pk%2BWXRqPnfhLKqLJInnUXeaKlU2XrKVacwyqWEsIsQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=c5dda9dc3fb8b0f9aa336981db65592e5834c4b2ad7a92845de612a53d0302ad&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![a) Casuariestraat, DGMR in Hague (arch. Fokkema Partners, 2007). Originally published in [2],
b) ESO European Southern Observatory (arch. Auer Weber, 2008). Originally published in [2]. Photos by author](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706ed383f1392090d69738/j_acee-2018-050_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEBO3RRYE%2F20260126%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260126T094426Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCIsNKRUZ6qSaHyCRo8j8neiUlJCXaCfReSx4SHH6BymAIgfHtlLtjB%2BYC6sX%2BazOnzGJPG6hfsm0fovzK8L4fbHUgqvQUIOBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDAEWkxo6xOf9hVW8pSqaBXyZ6csIyCc1ntKdcvRpPlM8TBjzGSCAEssLGqfp1RSCJm1N1%2BoHZAKTGfp425oqOEQUDAwdYdPhebJqHKB8YODRhcFZ%2Be0jChXd8YUJV9BhZoRc0r5y%2Fdv4B%2FeABMBUEbo6uPpSs8jp8C2f5%2B0vi85n3VuzXShNEhSxWnJMJDw32P%2BBepfZNX5pcEYX98GD9dY1QVNixA%2FG6XkJ3RPl3RRPd62SiwYoig7uF%2BaR2uOZoRRwwo5EPRCXyji4QYgxbtkJMzeQbqxrSGh5%2Fx8tWZ4ySn%2BQewNR2kTSGFgmZE5InXAR0g5F9Up7F4sWppXLQ%2BL711CKyKBztMpEfHWy9n%2FUWxavpWJLyIKxz5Tn54wI0sxhjkdk1RYpfP6t%2B4suRz7yQmKz88xs5fAKLJKCHC4LdzMpddljUt%2FvWNRT3YlhNNP6uiwuo7azMIDBj%2F1oC%2Ff4mRF3%2FZK9b1RdLr%2F28KlLB6QaJ1doucIAPzLRWxJUeqeWenkUeJIX5SxAa8rs3xuD3YepmV0MTJL4NR93b%2BfraG4Ixr3WUqnCaj9%2FZmEM7iHIv1c9kMj%2BehacS9lu0TgXkOZfpaIxQHynV9Ek6y%2Bm4xuC1srDrRapm62%2F68r1WZG0%2F2TU129i5Jw%2Fy6bz94DpKxDuS8DQX2m9AAk5%2F%2Bvt6YydAFU%2FD6ehGl43exC4q6cyoJN7xX1oHLcOE8PoqpbyQc%2B4odIVcLllC5PSS%2BmxRLgFCYlMxoSbXpiExEAcmyL9P2NiuLXroJEr0avJ9MpfrB4Cs6u5%2BG7xuvA9dwynpa9zgoW4EOog%2BIO1bwi7BwKBQVG4Ij7gAZqTkSWwHxWDRgB%2B8EgkXfpvMen33w6ottDKnYTKTafrMU5RudiIXqr4E5BTZa0%2B7TCWpdzLBjqxASz21wNNSl4faurIC67w4BlU7Gj%2BPEh5ouc%2FxEw6wGQJfPnGhLnS6s0xOYGWr2vpLmZtd1Wc2wX%2FPGUAwXY0joM11R6zL5lvlTQJwA3EuxopkXFt48y8HHus57LxftNN5bgYWyonFuoGTXmdZxpRi7llpR1h0jGeMBaIVNA%2FPJGLI1kacaW6dSs0pMHvo9f5xsI9pk%2BWXRqPnfhLKqLJInnUXeaKlU2XrKVacwyqWEsIsQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=b3cbc75c9cc3b950ffa6782a00b82c88a93ace303dcbf7c3cabcaff4005f4b41&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Fuji Television Wangan Studio in Tokyo (arch. Kajima Design, 2010). Originally published in [2]. Photo by author](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706ed383f1392090d69738/j_acee-2018-050_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEBO3RRYE%2F20260126%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260126T094426Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCIsNKRUZ6qSaHyCRo8j8neiUlJCXaCfReSx4SHH6BymAIgfHtlLtjB%2BYC6sX%2BazOnzGJPG6hfsm0fovzK8L4fbHUgqvQUIOBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDAEWkxo6xOf9hVW8pSqaBXyZ6csIyCc1ntKdcvRpPlM8TBjzGSCAEssLGqfp1RSCJm1N1%2BoHZAKTGfp425oqOEQUDAwdYdPhebJqHKB8YODRhcFZ%2Be0jChXd8YUJV9BhZoRc0r5y%2Fdv4B%2FeABMBUEbo6uPpSs8jp8C2f5%2B0vi85n3VuzXShNEhSxWnJMJDw32P%2BBepfZNX5pcEYX98GD9dY1QVNixA%2FG6XkJ3RPl3RRPd62SiwYoig7uF%2BaR2uOZoRRwwo5EPRCXyji4QYgxbtkJMzeQbqxrSGh5%2Fx8tWZ4ySn%2BQewNR2kTSGFgmZE5InXAR0g5F9Up7F4sWppXLQ%2BL711CKyKBztMpEfHWy9n%2FUWxavpWJLyIKxz5Tn54wI0sxhjkdk1RYpfP6t%2B4suRz7yQmKz88xs5fAKLJKCHC4LdzMpddljUt%2FvWNRT3YlhNNP6uiwuo7azMIDBj%2F1oC%2Ff4mRF3%2FZK9b1RdLr%2F28KlLB6QaJ1doucIAPzLRWxJUeqeWenkUeJIX5SxAa8rs3xuD3YepmV0MTJL4NR93b%2BfraG4Ixr3WUqnCaj9%2FZmEM7iHIv1c9kMj%2BehacS9lu0TgXkOZfpaIxQHynV9Ek6y%2Bm4xuC1srDrRapm62%2F68r1WZG0%2F2TU129i5Jw%2Fy6bz94DpKxDuS8DQX2m9AAk5%2F%2Bvt6YydAFU%2FD6ehGl43exC4q6cyoJN7xX1oHLcOE8PoqpbyQc%2B4odIVcLllC5PSS%2BmxRLgFCYlMxoSbXpiExEAcmyL9P2NiuLXroJEr0avJ9MpfrB4Cs6u5%2BG7xuvA9dwynpa9zgoW4EOog%2BIO1bwi7BwKBQVG4Ij7gAZqTkSWwHxWDRgB%2B8EgkXfpvMen33w6ottDKnYTKTafrMU5RudiIXqr4E5BTZa0%2B7TCWpdzLBjqxASz21wNNSl4faurIC67w4BlU7Gj%2BPEh5ouc%2FxEw6wGQJfPnGhLnS6s0xOYGWr2vpLmZtd1Wc2wX%2FPGUAwXY0joM11R6zL5lvlTQJwA3EuxopkXFt48y8HHus57LxftNN5bgYWyonFuoGTXmdZxpRi7llpR1h0jGeMBaIVNA%2FPJGLI1kacaW6dSs0pMHvo9f5xsI9pk%2BWXRqPnfhLKqLJInnUXeaKlU2XrKVacwyqWEsIsQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=ce4ac5cdde86dd40c44ca37ffbabc11a0c814275b6c801200a25c085104b31b7&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.
![Oskar von Miller Forum (arch. Herzog + Partner, Munich, 2009). Originally published in [2]. Photo by author](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706ed383f1392090d69738/j_acee-2018-050_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEBO3RRYE%2F20260126%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260126T094426Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCIsNKRUZ6qSaHyCRo8j8neiUlJCXaCfReSx4SHH6BymAIgfHtlLtjB%2BYC6sX%2BazOnzGJPG6hfsm0fovzK8L4fbHUgqvQUIOBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDAEWkxo6xOf9hVW8pSqaBXyZ6csIyCc1ntKdcvRpPlM8TBjzGSCAEssLGqfp1RSCJm1N1%2BoHZAKTGfp425oqOEQUDAwdYdPhebJqHKB8YODRhcFZ%2Be0jChXd8YUJV9BhZoRc0r5y%2Fdv4B%2FeABMBUEbo6uPpSs8jp8C2f5%2B0vi85n3VuzXShNEhSxWnJMJDw32P%2BBepfZNX5pcEYX98GD9dY1QVNixA%2FG6XkJ3RPl3RRPd62SiwYoig7uF%2BaR2uOZoRRwwo5EPRCXyji4QYgxbtkJMzeQbqxrSGh5%2Fx8tWZ4ySn%2BQewNR2kTSGFgmZE5InXAR0g5F9Up7F4sWppXLQ%2BL711CKyKBztMpEfHWy9n%2FUWxavpWJLyIKxz5Tn54wI0sxhjkdk1RYpfP6t%2B4suRz7yQmKz88xs5fAKLJKCHC4LdzMpddljUt%2FvWNRT3YlhNNP6uiwuo7azMIDBj%2F1oC%2Ff4mRF3%2FZK9b1RdLr%2F28KlLB6QaJ1doucIAPzLRWxJUeqeWenkUeJIX5SxAa8rs3xuD3YepmV0MTJL4NR93b%2BfraG4Ixr3WUqnCaj9%2FZmEM7iHIv1c9kMj%2BehacS9lu0TgXkOZfpaIxQHynV9Ek6y%2Bm4xuC1srDrRapm62%2F68r1WZG0%2F2TU129i5Jw%2Fy6bz94DpKxDuS8DQX2m9AAk5%2F%2Bvt6YydAFU%2FD6ehGl43exC4q6cyoJN7xX1oHLcOE8PoqpbyQc%2B4odIVcLllC5PSS%2BmxRLgFCYlMxoSbXpiExEAcmyL9P2NiuLXroJEr0avJ9MpfrB4Cs6u5%2BG7xuvA9dwynpa9zgoW4EOog%2BIO1bwi7BwKBQVG4Ij7gAZqTkSWwHxWDRgB%2B8EgkXfpvMen33w6ottDKnYTKTafrMU5RudiIXqr4E5BTZa0%2B7TCWpdzLBjqxASz21wNNSl4faurIC67w4BlU7Gj%2BPEh5ouc%2FxEw6wGQJfPnGhLnS6s0xOYGWr2vpLmZtd1Wc2wX%2FPGUAwXY0joM11R6zL5lvlTQJwA3EuxopkXFt48y8HHus57LxftNN5bgYWyonFuoGTXmdZxpRi7llpR1h0jGeMBaIVNA%2FPJGLI1kacaW6dSs0pMHvo9f5xsI9pk%2BWXRqPnfhLKqLJInnUXeaKlU2XrKVacwyqWEsIsQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=50792147ef1b3043b0c3d61dbd0ad4b6758761be193e9409dc9341e48287b400&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
![Music Conservatorium of Amsterdam (arch. van Dongen – Koschuch, 2005). Originally published in [2]. Photo by author](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64706ed383f1392090d69738/j_acee-2018-050_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKEBO3RRYE%2F20260126%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260126T094426Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG8aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCIsNKRUZ6qSaHyCRo8j8neiUlJCXaCfReSx4SHH6BymAIgfHtlLtjB%2BYC6sX%2BazOnzGJPG6hfsm0fovzK8L4fbHUgqvQUIOBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDAEWkxo6xOf9hVW8pSqaBXyZ6csIyCc1ntKdcvRpPlM8TBjzGSCAEssLGqfp1RSCJm1N1%2BoHZAKTGfp425oqOEQUDAwdYdPhebJqHKB8YODRhcFZ%2Be0jChXd8YUJV9BhZoRc0r5y%2Fdv4B%2FeABMBUEbo6uPpSs8jp8C2f5%2B0vi85n3VuzXShNEhSxWnJMJDw32P%2BBepfZNX5pcEYX98GD9dY1QVNixA%2FG6XkJ3RPl3RRPd62SiwYoig7uF%2BaR2uOZoRRwwo5EPRCXyji4QYgxbtkJMzeQbqxrSGh5%2Fx8tWZ4ySn%2BQewNR2kTSGFgmZE5InXAR0g5F9Up7F4sWppXLQ%2BL711CKyKBztMpEfHWy9n%2FUWxavpWJLyIKxz5Tn54wI0sxhjkdk1RYpfP6t%2B4suRz7yQmKz88xs5fAKLJKCHC4LdzMpddljUt%2FvWNRT3YlhNNP6uiwuo7azMIDBj%2F1oC%2Ff4mRF3%2FZK9b1RdLr%2F28KlLB6QaJ1doucIAPzLRWxJUeqeWenkUeJIX5SxAa8rs3xuD3YepmV0MTJL4NR93b%2BfraG4Ixr3WUqnCaj9%2FZmEM7iHIv1c9kMj%2BehacS9lu0TgXkOZfpaIxQHynV9Ek6y%2Bm4xuC1srDrRapm62%2F68r1WZG0%2F2TU129i5Jw%2Fy6bz94DpKxDuS8DQX2m9AAk5%2F%2Bvt6YydAFU%2FD6ehGl43exC4q6cyoJN7xX1oHLcOE8PoqpbyQc%2B4odIVcLllC5PSS%2BmxRLgFCYlMxoSbXpiExEAcmyL9P2NiuLXroJEr0avJ9MpfrB4Cs6u5%2BG7xuvA9dwynpa9zgoW4EOog%2BIO1bwi7BwKBQVG4Ij7gAZqTkSWwHxWDRgB%2B8EgkXfpvMen33w6ottDKnYTKTafrMU5RudiIXqr4E5BTZa0%2B7TCWpdzLBjqxASz21wNNSl4faurIC67w4BlU7Gj%2BPEh5ouc%2FxEw6wGQJfPnGhLnS6s0xOYGWr2vpLmZtd1Wc2wX%2FPGUAwXY0joM11R6zL5lvlTQJwA3EuxopkXFt48y8HHus57LxftNN5bgYWyonFuoGTXmdZxpRi7llpR1h0jGeMBaIVNA%2FPJGLI1kacaW6dSs0pMHvo9f5xsI9pk%2BWXRqPnfhLKqLJInnUXeaKlU2XrKVacwyqWEsIsQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=927f515165f2c78051e78104ffd8e74dbf4d268f5ff3b712848db5a50d90acf2&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
A table showing in diverse serration direction options in 3rd dimension (axonometric view)
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Possible serrated façade variants a) linear single layer serrated, b) curvilinear single layer serrated_ Diagram by author
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Possible venting strategies in double layer serrated facades_ Horizontal schematic section of the façade_ Air plenum showed in grey_ The description given in the figure_ Diagram by author
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