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The Source of Toxicity of Backwash Water from a Swimming Pool Filter Bed Washings Cover

The Source of Toxicity of Backwash Water from a Swimming Pool Filter Bed Washings

Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
Volume 11 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)
By: Anna LEMPART,  Edyta KUDLEK,  Mariusz DUDZIAK and  Aleksandra ZAWADZKA  
Open Access
|Apr 2019

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

The scheme of water treatment system in the tested swimming pool

Water quality indicators evaluated for each tested liquid phase of washings

ParameterRaw washingsSupernant waterFiltrate
pH [-]9.15-9.588.94-9.589.05-9.25
Conductivity [mS/cm]4.259-5.4004.377-4.8164.278-5.766
Potential redox [mV]747-751771-780776-781
Absorbance UV254 [cm-1]1.826-2.7601.028-1.1600.885-1.132
Turbidity [NTU]138-85217.0-21.60.12-1.09
Content of suspensions [mg/L]308-75045-53<25
TOC [mg/L]66.28-70.6556.33-59.3857.32-61.2
TC [mg/L]72.7-73.3961.14-62.6463.98-64.31
IC [mg/L]2.05-7.111.76-6.312.78-6.99

The toxicity effect of filter backwash water on the various indicator organisms

Type of swimming pool from that the sample of filter backwash water was collectedTested organismToxic effect [%]References
School swimming pool Aliivibrio fischeri 63[6]
Daphnia magna 40
Chaoborus falvicans 87
Sports swimming pool Aliivibrio fischeri 98[7]
Hot tube Aliivibrio fischeri 70
Sports swimming pool Aliivibrio fischeri 100[8]
Jacuzzi Lemna minor 31[9]

The presence of micropollutants in individual liquid phases and their potential toxicity

GroupCompoundRaw sample Filtrate Supernatant water Potential toxicity
Products Care PersonalOctanal++-N
Benzyl alcohol+++Y
Pentanedinitrile+++Y
Nonanal++-Y
Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-+--N
Cetyl alcohol+--Y
Hexa-hydro-farnesol+--Y
Oleic Acid+-+N
Diethyl Phthalate+++Y
Benzophenone+++Y
Isopropyl myristate+--Y
1-Octadecanol+++N
Octocrylene+--Y
Debrisoquine+-+Y
Benzyl cyanide++-Y
Cimetidine++-Y
Undecylenic acid++-Y
Gitoxigenin+--Y
Disinfection By-Products2-Chlorohistidine+--Y
Decyl chloride+++Y
1-Tetradecanol, 14-chloro-+--Y
2,2,2-TriB-N,N-dimethylacetamide++-Y
Industry additives1-Eicosanol+--Y
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate+++Y
Kodaflex DOTP+++Y
Heptadecane+--Y
Hexadecanethiol+--Y
Dibutyl phthalate+++Y
Glycidyl oleate+++Y
Glycidyl phenyl ether+++Y
Nonanenitrile+++Y
Food additivesDecanal+++N
Methyl caprate+--Y
Triacetin+++N
Methyl dodecanoate+++Y
Hedione+++N
Methyl tetradecanoate+++N
Tetradecanoic acid++-Y
Isopropyl palmitate+++N
Care Cleaning ProductsDodecanenitrile+--Y
Palmitoleic acid+--Y
Methyl palmitate+++N
Dioctyl adipate+--Y
Tridecanoic acid+++Y

Chronic toxicity of selected organic micropollutants in the water environment and their acute toxicity determined for aquatic organisms

CompoundThe trophic group of tested organismsSpecies of tested organismParameter (duration of the test)The value [mg/L]References
IbuprofenVascular plants Lemna minor LOEC22.00[27]
Crustaceans Gammarus pulex LOEC0.00001[28]
Planorbis carnatus LOEC24.30[29]
Thamnocephalus platyurus LC50 (24 h)19.59[30]
Hydra attenuata LC50 (96 h)1.65[31]
Algae Desmodesmus subspicatus EC50 (72h)315[32]
Synechocystis sp. LOEC (72h)1.00[33]
Molluscs Planorbis carnatus LC50 (72 h)17.10[29]
Amphibians Xnopus laevis EC50 30.70[34]
Fishes Oncorhynchus mykiss LOEC1.00[35]
Oryzias latipes LC50 (96 h)>100.00[36]
CaffeineRotifera Plationus patulus LC50 (48 h)580.00[37]
Crustaceans Pimephales promelas LC50 (24 h)100.00[38]
Fishes Chironomus dilutus LC50 (24 h)1.23[38]
Pimephales promelas LOEC20.00[38]
CarbamazepineVascular plants Lemna minor LOEC22.50[27]
Lemna gibba LOEC>1.00[39]
Crustaceans Ceriodaphnia dubia LOEC100.00[40]
Calluna vulgaris EC50 (48 h)155.00[36]
Ceriodaphnia dubia EC50 (48 h)77.70[40]
Hydra attenuata EC50 15.50[31]
Algae Desmodesmus subspicatus EC50 (72 h)74.00[27]
Cyclotella meneghiniana EC50 (96 h)10.00[40]
Synechococcus leopolensis EC50 (96 h)17.00[40]
Insects Chironomus tentans LOEC47.30[41]
Amphibians Xnopus laevis EC50 (96 h)>100.00[34]
Fishes Oryzias latipes LOEC6.10[36]
EC50 (48 h)35.40[30]
Danio rerio LOEC50.00[39]
Oncorhynchus mykiss (juvenile) LC50 (96 h)19.90[42]
OxybenzoneCrustaceans Daphnia magna EC50 (24 h)1.67[43]
Algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus IC50 (24 h)0.36[44]
Desmodesmus subspicatus IC50 (72 h)0.61[43]
Fishes Oncorhynchus mykiss LOEC0.75[45]
Oryzias latipes LOEC0.62[45]
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2018-046 | Journal eISSN: 2720-6947 | Journal ISSN: 1899-0142
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Language: English
Page range: 139 - 146
Submitted on: Jan 3, 2018
|
Accepted on: Apr 19, 2018
|
Published on: Apr 4, 2019
Published by: Silesian University of Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Filter backwash water,
Micropollutants,
Swimming pools,
Toxicity,
Water reuse
Related subjects:
Architecture and design,
Architecture,
Architects, buildings

© 2019 Anna LEMPART, Edyta KUDLEK, Mariusz DUDZIAK, Aleksandra ZAWADZKA, published by Silesian University of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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