References
- Agerberth B., Gunne H., Odeberg J., Kogner P., Boman H.G.,. Gudmundsson G.H,: FALL-39, a putative human peptide antibiotic, is cysteine-free and expressed in bone marrow and testis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92, 195–199 (1995)
- Agier J., Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E.: Katelicydyny i defensyny w regulacji aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej komórek tucznych. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 70, 618–636 (2016)
- Agier J., Efenberger M., Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E.: Cathelicidin impact on inflammatory cells. Centr. Eur. J. Immunol. 40, 225–235 (2015)
- Albrethsen J., Møller C. H., Olsen J., Raskov H., Gammeltoft S.: Human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3 are biochemical markers for metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer, 42, 3057–3064 (2006)
- Amer L.S., Bishop B.M., van Hoek M.L.: Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of cathelicidins and short, synthetic peptides against Francisella. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 396, 246–251 (2010)
- Andersson E., Sorensen O.E., Frohm B., Borregaard N., Egesten A., Malm J.: Isolation of human cationic antimicrobial protein-18 from seminal plasma and its association with prostasomes. Hum. Reprod. 17, 2529–2534 (2002)
- Antimicrobial peptide datebase:
http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php (6.02.2018) - Bagnicka E., Strzałkowska N., Jóźwik A., Horbańczuk J.O., Krzyżewski J., Zwierzchowski L.: Peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe w zwalczaniu patogenów opornych na powszechnie stosowane antybiotyki. Medycyna Wet. 67, 512–516 (2011)
- Bagnicka E., Strzałkowska N., Jóźwik A., Krzyżewski J., Horbańczuk J., Zwierzchowski L.: Expression and polymorphism of defensins in farm animals. Acta Bioch. Pol. 4, 487–497 (2010)
- Bals R., Lang C., Weiner D.J., Vogelmeier C., Welsch U., Wilson J.M.: Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) mucosal antibacterial peptides are close homologues of human molecules. Clin. Diagnost. Lab. Immunol. 8, 370–375 (2001)
- Bals R., Wang X., Zasloff M., Wilson J.M.: The peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 is expressed in epithelia of the human lung where it has broad antimicrobial activity at the airway surface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9541–9546 (1998)
- Barlow P.G., Li Y., Wilkinson T.S., Bowdish D.M.E., Lau Y.E., Cosseau C., Haslett C., Simpson A.J., Hancock R.E., Davidson D.J.: The human cationic host defense peptide LL-37 mediates contrasting effects on apoptotic pathways in different primary cells of the innate immune system. J. Leuk. Biol. 80, 509–520 (2006)
- Benincasa M., Scocchi M., Pacor S., Tossi A., Nobili D., Basaglia G., Busetti M., Gennaro R.: Fungicidal activity of five cathelicidin peptides agains clinically isolated yeasts. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58, 950–959 (2006)
- Bergman P., Johansson L., Asp V., Plant L., Gudmundsson G.H., Jonsson A.B., Agerberth B.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae downregulates expression of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Cell. Microbiol. 7, 1009–1017 (2005)
- Bowdish, D. M., Davidson D.J., Lau Y.E., Lee K., Scott M.G., Hancock R.E., Bowdish D.M.: Impact of LL-37 on anti-infective immunity. J. Leuk. Biol. 77, 451–459 (2005)
- Braff M.H., Bardan A., Nizet V., Gallo R.L.: Cutaneous defense mechanisms by antimicrobial peptides. J. Invest. Dermatol. 125, 9–13 (2005)
- Brogden K.A., Ackermann M., McCray P.B. jr.: Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences. Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents, 22, 465–478 (2003)
- Brown K.L., Hancock R.E.W.: Cationic host defense (antimicrobial) peptides. Curr. Opinion Immunol. 18, 24–30 (2006)
- Chang CI., Zhang Y.A., Zou J., Nie P., Secombes C.J.: Two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Antomicrob. Agents Chemother, 50, 185–195 (2006)
- Chen H., Takai T., Xie Y., Niyonsaba F., Okumura K., Ogawa H.: Human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates proinflammatory responses induced by cytokine milieus and double-stranded RNA in human keratinocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 433, 532–537 (2013)
- Cole A.M.: Innate host defense of human vaginal and cervical mucosae. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 306, 199–230 (2006)
- Conner K., Nern K., Rudisill J., O’Grady T, Gallo R.L.: The antimicrobial pepitide LL-37 is expressed by keratinocytes in condyloma acuminatum and verruca vulgaris. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 47, 347–350 (2002)
- Cubeddu T., Cacciotto C., Pisanu S., Tedde V., Alberti A., Pittau M., Dore S., Cannas A., Uzzau S., Rocca S., Addis M.F.: Cathelicidin production and release by mammary epithelial cells during infectious mastitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 189, 66–70 (2017)
- Dean S.N., Bishop B.M., van Hoek M.L.: Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm to alpha-helical peptides: D-enantiomer of LL-37. Front. Microbiol. 2,
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00128 (2011) - Di Na, Vitiello A., Gallo R.L.: Cutting edge: mast cell antimicrobial activity is mediated by expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. J. Immunol. 170, 2274–2278 (2003)
- Dorschner R.A., Pestonjamasp V.K., Tamakuwala S., Ohtake T., Rudisill J., Nizet V., Agerberth B., Gudmundsson G.H., Gallo R.L.: Cutaneous injury induces the release of cathelicidin anti-microbial peptides active against group A Streptococcus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117, 91–97 (2001)
- Dosler S., Karaaslan E.: Inhibition and destruction of Pseudomonas aureginosa biofilms by antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. Peptides, 62, 32–37 (2014)
- Dürr U.H.N., Sudheendra U.S., Ramamoorthy A.: LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1758, 1408–1425 (2006)
- Erdag G.: Interleukin- 1α and interleukin – 6 enhance the antibacterial properties of cultured composite keratinocyte grafts. Ann. Surg. 235, 113–124 (2002)
- Ericksen B., Wu Z., Lu W., Lehrer R.I.. Antibacterial activity and specificity of the six human {alpha}-defensins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 269–275, (2005)
- Feliucio M.R., Silva O.N., Goncalves S., Santos N.C., Franco O.L.: Peptides with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Front Chem. Feb 21, 5:5. Doi: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00005. eCollection 2017 (2017)
- Findlay E.G., Currie S.M., Davidson D.J.: Cationic host defence peptides: potential as antiviral therapeutics. Biodrugs, 27, 479–493 (2013)
- Frohm N., Sandstedt B., Sorensen O., Weber G., Borregaard N., Stahle-Backdahl M.: The human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18), a peptide antibiotic, is widely expressed in human squamous epithelia and colocalizes with interleukin-6. Inf. Immunity, 67, 2561–2566 (1999)
- Gallo R.l., Hooper L.V.: Epithelial antimicrobail defence of the skin and intestine. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 503–516 (2012)
- Gorman S.P., Glimore B.F.: Clinical relevance of the escape pathogens. Expert Rev. Anti-infect. Ther. 11, 297–308 (2013)
- Hancock R.E.W., Haney E.F., Gill E.E.: The immunology of host defence peptides: Beyond antimicrobial activity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 321–334 (2016)
- Hase K., Eckmann L., Leopard J.D., Varki N., Kagnoff M.F.: Cell differentiation is a key determionant of cathelicidin LL-37/human cationic antimicrobial protein 18 expresion by human colon ephitelium. Infect. Immunity, 70, 953–963 (2002)
- Hazlett L., Wu M.: Defensins in innate immunity. Cell Tissue Res. 343, 175–188 (2011)
- Hell É., Giske C.G., Nelson A., Römling U., Marchini G.: Human cathelicidin peptide LL37 inhibits both attachment capability and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 50, 211–215 (2010)
- Henning-Pauka J., Jacobsen I., Blecha F.: Differential proteomic analysis reveals increased cathelicidin expression in porcine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after an Actinobacillus pleura pneumonias infection. Vet. Res. 37, 75–87 (2006)
- Hu Z., Murakami T., Suzuki K., Tamura H., Kawahara-Arai K., Ilba T., Nagoaka I.: Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis of macrophages by dual mechanism. PLoS ONE 9, p.e85765 (2014)
- Huang W., Seo J., Willingham S.B., Gonzalgo M.L., Weissman I.L., Barron A.E.: Cationic, amphipathic peptides with potent anticancer activity. PLoS ONE 9, e90397.
- Hurtado P., Peh C. A.: LL-37 promotes rapid sensing of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by B lymphocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 184, 1425–1435 (2010)
- Into T., Inomata M., Shibata K., Murakami Y.: Effect of the antimcirobial peptide LL-37 on Toll-like receptors 2-,3- and 4-triggered expression of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL10 in human gingival fibroblasts. Cell Immunol 264, 104–109 (2010)
- Jarczak J., Kościuczuk E.M., Lisowski P., Strzałkowska N., Jóźwik A., Horbańczuk J., Krzyżewski J., Zwierzchwoski L., Bagnicka E.: Defensins: natural komponent of human innate immunity. Hum. Immunol. 74, 1069–1079 (2013)
- Jones E.A., Cheng Y., O’Meally D., Belov K.: Characterization of the antimicrobial peptide family defensins in the Tasmanian devil (sarcophilus harrissi), koala (Phasco9larctos cinereus), and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii). Immunogenetics, 69, 133–143 (2017)
- Klotman M.E., Chang T.L.: Defensin in innate antiviral immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 447–456 (2006)
- Kościuczuk E.M., Lisowski P., Jarczak J., Strzałkowska N., Jóźwik A., Horbończuk J., Krzyżewski J., Zwierzechowski L., Bagnicka E.: Cathelicidins: family of antimicrobial peptides. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39, 10957–10970 (2012)
- Kurashima Y., Kiyono H.: Mucosal ecological network of epithelium and immune cells for gut homeostasis and tissue healing. Annu. Res. Immunol. 35, 119–241 (2017)
- Lai Y., Adhikurakunnathu S., Bhardaj K., Ranjith-Kumar C.T., Wen Y., Jordan J.L., Wu L.H., Dragnea B., San Mateo L., Kao C.C.: LL37 and cationic peptides enhance TLR3 signaling by viral double-stranded RNAs. PLoS ONE, 6, e26632 (2011)
- Larrick J.W., Hirata M., Zhong J., Wright S.C.: Anti-microbial activity of human CAP18 peptides. Immunotechnology, 1, 65–72 (1995)
- Laube D.M., Yim S., Ryan L.K., Kisich K.O., Diamond G.: Antimicrobial peptides in the airway. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 306, 153–182 (2006)
- Lee M.O., Jang H.J., Rengaraj D., Yang S.Y., Han S.Y., Lamont S.J., Womack J.E.: Tissue expression and antibacterial activity of host defense peptides in chicken. BMC Vet. Res. 12, 231–239 (2016)
- Lehrer R.I.: Primate defensin. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2, 727–738 (2004)
- Li J., Koh J.J., Liu S., Lakshminarayanan R., Verma C.S., Beuerman R.W.: Membrane active antomicrobial peptides: translating mechanistic insights to design. Front. Neurosci. 11, 73–98 (2017)
- Linde A., Ross C.R., Davis E.G., Dib L., Blecha F., Melgarejo T.: Innate Immunity and host defense peptides in veterinary medicine. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 22, 247–265 (2008)
- Lopez-Garcia B., Lee P.H.A., Gallo R.L.: Expresion and potential function of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides in dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 57, 877–882 (2006)
- Luo Y., McLean D.T.F., Linden G,J., McAuley D.F., McMullan R., Lundy F.T.: The naturally occurring host defense peptide, LL-37, and its truncated mimetics KE-18 and KR-12 have selected biocidal and antibiofilm activities against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in vitro. Front. Microbiol. 8, 1–11 (2017)
- Coorens M., Schneider V.A.F., de Groot A.M., van Dijk A., Meijerink M., Wells J.M., Scheenstra M.R., Veldhuizen E.J.A., Haagsman H.P.: Cathelicidins inhibit Escherichia coli – induced TLR2 and TLR4 activation in a viability-dependent manner. J. Immunol. 199, 1418–1428 (2017)
- Mansour S.C., Pena O.M., Hancock R.E.W.: Host defense peptides: front-line immunomodulators. Trends. Immunol. 39, 443–450 (2014)
- Marchini G., Lindow S., Brismar H., Stabi B., Berggren V., Ulfgren A.K., Lonne-Rahm S., Agerberth B., Gudmundsson G.H.: The newborn infant is protected by an innate antimicrobial barrier: peptide antibiotics are present in the skin and vernix caseosa. Br. J. Dermatol. 147, 1127–1134 (2002)
- Midorikawa K., Ouhara K., Komatsuzawa H., Kawai T., Yamada S., Fujiwara T., Yamazaki K., Sayama K., Taubman M.A., Kurihara H., Hashimoto K., Sugai M.: Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to innate antimicrobial peptides, beta-defensins and CAP18, expressed by human keratinocytes. Inf. Immunity, 71, 3730–3739 (2003)
- Mirski T., Gryko R., Bartoszcze M., Bielawska-Drozd A., Tyszkiewicz W.: Peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe – nowe możliwości zwalczania infekcji u ludzi i zwierząt. Medycyna Wet. 67, 517–521 (2011)
- Mizerska-Dudka M., Andrejko M., Kandafer-Szerszeń M.: Przeciwwirusowe peptydy kationowe człowieka i owadów. Post. Mikrobiol. 50, 209–216 (2011)
- Murakami M., Ohtake T., Dorschner R.A., Gallo R.L.: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides are expressed in salivary glands and saliva. J. Dent. Res. 81, 845–850 (2002)
- Murakami M., Ohtake T., Dorschner R.A., Schittek B., Garbe C., Gallo R.L.: Cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide expression in sweat, an innate defense system for the skin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 119, 1090–1095 (2002)
- Nagaoka I., Tamura H., Hirata M.: An antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide, human CAP18/LL-37, suppresses neutrophil apoptosis via the activation of formyl-peptide receptor-like 1 and P2X7. J. Immunol. 176, 3044–3052 (2006)
- Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P., Deptuła W.: Defensyny – ważny wrodzony element układu odpornościowego u ssaków. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 62, 524–529 (2008)
- Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P., Mękal A., Deptuła W.: Peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe – ważny element odporności naturalnej. Astma Alergia Immunol. 15, 35–41 (2010)
- Nijnik, A., Hancock, R. E. W. The roles of cathelicidin LL-37 in immune defences and novel clinical applications. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 16, 41–47 (2009)
- Nijnik, A., Pistolic, J., Filewod, N.C.J., Hancock, R. E. W.: Signaling pathways mediating chemokine induction in keratinocytes by cathelicidin LL-37 and flagellin. J. Innate Immun. 4, 377–386 (2012)
- Ong P.Y., Ohtake T., Brandt C et al.: Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1151–1160 (2002)
- Oppenheim J.J., Yang D.: Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune response. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 359–365 (2005)
- Polcyn-Adamczyk M., Niemir Z.I.: Katelicydyna – budowa, funkcja i rola w chorobach autoimmunologicznych. Post. Biol. Kom. 41, 315–330 (2014)
- Pomorska-Mól M., Markowska-Daniel I.: Katelicydyny i defensyny u świń. Medycyna Wet. 67, 20–24 (2011)
- Porcelli F., Verardi R., Shi L., Henzler-Wildman K.A., Ramamorthny A., Veglia G.: NMR structure of the cathelicidin-derived human antimicribal peptide LL-37 in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Biochemistry, 47, 5565–5572 (2008)
- Ramanathan B., davis E.G., Ross C.R., Blecha F.: Cathelicidins: microbicidal activity, mechanisms of action, and roles in innate immunity. Microbes Infect. 4, 361–372 (2002)
- Ritonja A., Kopitar R., Jerela R., Turk V.: Primary structure of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pig leukocytes. FEBS Leters, 255, 211–214 (1989)
- Rivas-Santiago B., Hernandez-Pando R., Carranza C., Juarez E., Contreras J.L., Aguilar-Leon D., Torres M., Sada E.: Expression of cathelicidin LL-37 during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human alveolar macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 76, 935–941 (2008)
- Robinson K., Deng Z., Hou Y., Zhang G.: Regulation of the intestinal barrier function by host defense peptides. Front. Vet. Sci. doi:0.3389/fvets.2015.00057 (2015)
- Schaller-Bals S., Schulze A., Bals R.: Increased levels of antimicrobial peptides in tracheal aspirates of newborn infants during infection. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 165, 992–995 (2002)
- Scott M.G., Hancock R.E.: Cationic antimicrobial peptides and their multifunctional role in the immune system. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 20, 407–431 (2000)
- Seil M., Nagant C., Dehaye J.P., Vandenbranden M., Lensink M.F.: Spothlight on human LL-37, an immunomodulatory peptide with promising cell- penetrating properties. Pharmaceuticals. 3, 3435–3460 (2010)
- Selsted M.E., Harwig S.S., Ganz T., Schilling J.W., Lehrer R.I. Primary structures of three human neutrophil defensins. J. Clin. Invest. 76, 1436–1439 (1985)
- Selsted M.E., Novotny M.J., Morris W.L., Tang Y.Q., Smith W., Cullor J.S.: Indfolicidin, a novel bactericidal tridecapeptide amide from neutrophils. J.Biol. Chem. 267, 4292–4295 (1992)
- Selsted M.E., Ouellette A.J.: Mammalian defensins in the antimicrobial immune response. Nat. Immunol. 6, 551–557 (2005)
- Sima P., Trebichavsky I., Sigler K.: Mammalian antibiotic peptides. Folia Microbiol. (Praha), 48, 123–137 (2003)
- Skerlavaj B., Scocchi M., Gennaro R., Risso A., Zanetti M.: Structural and functionsal analysis of horse cathelicidin peptides. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 715–722 (2001)
- Śliwa-Dominiak J., Witkowska M., Deptuła W.: Biologiczne alternatywy dla antybiotyków. Przegl. Epidemiol. 64, 399–403 (2010)
- Smeianov V., Scott K., Reid G.: Activity of cecropin P1 and FA-LL-37 against urogenital microflora. Microbes Infect. 2, 773–777 (2000)
- Sonawane A., Santos J.C., Mishra B.B., Jena P., Progida C., Sorensen O.E., Gallo R., Appelberg R., Groffiths G.: Cathelicidin is involved in the intracellular killing of mycobacteria in macrophages:the role of cathelicidin in mycobacteria killing. Cell. Microbiol. 13, 1601–1617 (2013)
- Sőrensen O.E., Borregaard N., Cole A.M.: Antimicrobial peptides in innate immune responses. Contrib. Microbiol. 15, 61–77 (2008)
- Steiner H., Hultmark D., Engström Å., Bennich H., Boman H.G. Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity. Nature, 292, 246–248 (1981)
- Thomma B.P., Cammue B.P., Thevissen K.: Plant defensins. Planta, 216, 193–202 (2002)
- Tomasinsig L., Conti G., Skerljavaj B., Piccinini R., Mazzilli M., D’Este F., Tossi A., Zanetti M.: Broad-spectrum activity against bacterial mastitis pathogens and activation of mammary ephitelial cells support s ptotective role of neutrophil cathelicidins in bovine mastisis. Inf. Immun. 78, 1781–1788 (2010)
- Tomasinsig L., Zanetti M.: The cathelicidins – structure, functions and evolution. Curr. Protein. Pept. Sci. 6, 23–34 (2005)
- Treffers C., Chen L., Anderson R.C., Yu P.L.: Isolation and characterisation of antimicrobial peptides from deer neutrophils. Int. J. Antomicrob. Agents. 26, 165–169 (2005)
- Turner J., Cho Y., Dinh N.N., Waring A.J., Lehrer R.I.: Activities of LL-37, a cathelinassociated antimicrobial peptide of human neutrophils. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 2206–2214 (1998)
- Uzzell T., Stolzenberg E.D., Shinnar A.E., Zasloff M.: Hagfish intestinal antimicrobial peptides are ancient cathelicidins. Peptides, 24, 1655–1667 (2003)
- Van Dijk A., Veldhuizen E.J., van Asten A.J., Haagsman H.P.: CMAP27, a novel chicken cathelicidin-B1, an antimicrobial guardian at the mucosal M cell gateway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 15063–15068 (2005)
- Vandamme D., Landuyt B., Luyten W., Schoofs L: A comprehensive summary of LL-37, the factotum human cathelicidin peptide. Cell Immunol. 280, 22–35 (2012)
- Wang Y., Hong J., Liu X., Yang H., Liu R., Wu J., Wang A., Lin D., Lai R.: Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics. PLoS ONE 3, e3217.
- Wang G., Li X., Wang Z.: APD3: the antimicrobial peptide database as a tool for reaserch and education. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, 1087–1093 (2016)
- Wang G, Watson K.M., Buckheit R.W. Jr.: Anti-human immunodeficiency voirus type 1 activities of antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine cathelicidins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 3438–3440 (2008)
- Wangl Y., Walter G., Herting E., Agerberth B.,. Johansson J.: Antibacterial activities of the cathelicidins prophenin (residues 63 to 79) and LL-37 in the presence of a lung surfactant preparation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. J. 48, 2097–2100 (2004)
- Wiechuła B.E., Tustanowski J.P., Martirosian G.: Peptydy antybrobnoustrojowe. Wiad. Lek. 59, 542–547 (2006)
- Witkowska D., Bartyś A., Gamian A.: Defensyny i katelicydyny jako naturalne antybiotyki peptydowe. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 62, 694–707 (2008)
- Wódz K., Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E.: Katelicydyny – endogenne peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe. Post. Biochemii, 61, 93–101 (2015)
- Wu H., Zhang G., Minton J.E., Ross C.R., Blecha F.: Regulation of cathelicidin gene expresie: induction by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-6, retinoic acid, and Salmonella enterica serowar typhimurium infection. Infect. Immunity, 68, 5552–5558 (2000)
- Xhindoli D., Pacor S., Beninscasa M., Scocchi M., Gennaro R., Tossi A.: The human cathelicidin LL-37 – a pore-forming antibacterial peptide and host-cell modulator. Biochim. Biophis. Acta, 1858, 546–566 (2016)
- Xiao Y, Cai Y., Bommineni Y.R., Femando S.C., Prakash O., Gilliland S.E., Zhang G.: Identifikation and functional characterization of three chicken cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial activity. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2858–2867 (2006)
- Yamasaki K., Schauber J., Coda A., Lin H., Dorschner R.A., Schechter N.M., Bonnart C., Descargues P., Hovnanian A., Gallo R.L.: Kallikrein-mediated proteolysis regulates the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidins in skin. FASEB J. 20, 2068–2080 (2006)
- Yang D., de la Rosa G., Tewary P., Oppenheim J.J.: Alarmins link neutrophils and dendritic cells. Trends Immunol. 30, 531–537 (2009)
- Zanetti M.: The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 17, 179–196 (2005)
- Zasloff M.: Antimicrobial peptides of multucellular organisms. Nature, 415, 389–395 (2002)
- Zasloff M.: Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 5449–5453 (1987)
- Zea H.I., Spitznagel J.K.: Antibacterial and enzymic basic proteins from leukocyte lysosomes: separation and identifications. Science, 142, 1085–1087 (1963)
- Żelechowska P., Agier J., Brzezińska-Błaszczak E.: Endogenous antimicrobial factors in the treatment of infectious diseases. Cent. Europ. J. Immunol. 41, 419–425 (2016)
- Żyłowska M., Wyszyńska A., Jagusztyn-Krynicka K.: Defensyny – peptydy o aktywności przeciwbakteryjnej. Post. Mikrobiol. 50, 223–234 (2011)