Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Assessing Student Veterans’ Academic Outcomes and Wellbeing: A Scoping Review Cover

Assessing Student Veterans’ Academic Outcomes and Wellbeing: A Scoping Review

Open Access
|Sep 2022

References

  1. Agteren, J., & Iasiello, M. (2019). Advancing our understanding of mental wellbeing and mental health: The call to embrace complexity over simplification. Australian Psychologist, 55(4), 307316. DOI: 10.1111/ap.12440
  2. Aikins, R. D., Golub, A., & Bennett, A. S. (2015). Readjustment of urban veterans: A mental health and substance use profile of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in higher education. Journal of American College Health, 63(7), 482494. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1068173
  3. Akerele, F. A. B. (2011). Comparing the academic achievement of civilians to that of military veterans at the San Diego campus of Brandman University. Argosy University San Diego.
  4. Albright, D. L., Hendricks Thomas, K., McDaniel, J., Fletcher, K. L., Godfrey, K., Bertram, J., & Angel, C. (2019). When women veterans return: The role of postsecondary education in transition in their civilian lives. Journal of American College Health, 67(5), 479485. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1494599
  5. Alfred, G. C., Hammer, J. H., & Good, G. E. (2014). Male student veterans: Hardiness, psychological well-being, and masculine norms. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(1), 9599. DOI: 10.1037/a0031450
  6. Allan, J. F., McKenna, J., & Dominey, S. (2014). Degrees of resilience: Profiling psychological resilience and prospective academic achievement in university inductees. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(1), 925. DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2013.793784
  7. Alschuler, M., & Yarab, J. (2018). Preventing student veteran attrition: What more can we do? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 20(1), 4766. DOI: 10.1177/1521025116646382
  8. American College Health Association. (2021). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment. https://www.acha.org/NCHA/Home/NCHA/NCHA_Home.aspx?hkey=f8184410-19fa-4ba6-b791-43a79cef2de0
  9. Bachrach, R. L., & Read, J. P. (2012). The role of posttraumatic stress and problem alcohol involvement in university academic performance: Traumatic stress, alcohol, and academics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(7), 843859. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21874
  10. Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1984). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(2), 179189. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.31.2.179
  11. Barbour, J. E. (2014). Student veteran performance and well-being: Examining the roles of self-concept and motivation. (Publication No. 1556463) [Doctoral dissertation, Northern Arizona University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  12. Barnhart, D. (2011). The relationship of academic and social integration to veterans’ educational persistence. (Publication No. 3433027) [Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  13. Barry, A. E., Whiteman, S. D., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. (2014). Student service members/veterans in higher education: A systematic review. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 51(1), 3042. DOI: 10.1515/jsarp-2014-0003
  14. Barry, A. E., Whiteman, S. D., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. M. (2012). Implications of posttraumatic stress among military-affiliated and civilian students. Journal of American College Health, 60(8), 562573. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2012.721427
  15. Beach, M. D. (2019). The relationship among career certainty, career engagement, social support and college success for veteran-students [Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas]. KU ScholarWorks. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/29471
  16. Bellotti, C., Laffaye, C., Weingardt, K. R., Fischer, M., & Schumacher, T. (2011). Re-visioning veteran readjustment: Evaluating outcomes of a green-jobs training program. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 35(1), 5157. DOI: 10.3233/JVR-2011-0553
  17. Blais, R. K., Tirone, V., Orlowska, D., Lofgreen, A., Klassen, B., Held, P., Stevens, N., & Zalta, A. K. (2021). Self-reported PTSD symptoms and social support in US military service members and veterans: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1851078. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1851078
  18. Borsari, B., Yurasek, A., Miller, M. B., Murphy, J. G., McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Martens, M. P., Darcy, M. G., & Carey, K. B. (2017). Student service members/veterans on campus: Challenges for reintegration. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(2), 166175. DOI: 10.1037/ort0000199
  19. Bortes, C., Ragnarsson, S., Strandh, M., & Petersen, S. (2021). The bidirectional relationship between subjective well-being and academic achievement in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(5), 9921002. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01413-3
  20. Bovin, M. J., Black, S. K., Rodriguez, P., Lunney, C. A., Kleiman, S. E., Weathers, F. W., Schnurr, P. P., Spira, J., Keane, T. M., & Marx, B. P. (2018). Development and validation of a measure of PTSD-related psychosocial functional impairment: The inventory of psychosocial functioning. Psychological Services, 15(2), 216229. DOI: 10.1037/ser0000220
  21. Brändle, T., & Lengfeld, H. (2017). Drifting apart or converging? Grades among non-traditional and traditional students over the course of their studies: A case study from Germany. Higher Education, 73(2), 227244. DOI: 10.1007/s10734-016-0010-3
  22. Briggs, C. (2016). Thriving as a community college student: A repeated cross sectional study on student involvement, academic performance, and persistence. (Publication No. 3739964) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  23. Browning, L. T. R. (2015). Where failure is not the option – The military friendly college: Exploring student service members’ and student veterans’ perceptions of climate, transition and camaraderie [EdD, West Virginia University Libraries]. DOI: 10.33915/etd.5270
  24. Bücker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B. A., Schneider, M., & Luhmann, M. (2018). Subjective well-being and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 8394. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.007
  25. Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. DOI: 10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
  26. Cacace, S. C. (2018). Social factors contributing to US military service-member well-being. (Publication No. 10752161) [Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  27. Campbell, R., & Riggs, S. A. (2015). The role of psychological symptomatology and social support in the academic adjustment of previously deployed student veterans. Journal of American College Health, 63(7), 473481. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1040408
  28. Cancio, R. (2018). Examining the effect of military service on education: The unique case of Hispanic Veterans. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 40(2), 150175. DOI: 10.1177/0739986318761849
  29. Cate, A. (2014). Million Records Project: A review of veteran achievement in higher education. (pp. 174). Student Veterans of America. https://studentveterans.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/mrp_Full_report.pdf
  30. Chemers, M. M., Hu, L., & Garcia, B. F. (2001). Academic self-efficacy and first year college student performance and adjustment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 5564. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.55
  31. Chung, E., Turnbull, D., & Chur-Hansen, A. (2017). Differences in resilience between ‘traditional’ and ‘non-traditional’ university students. Active Learning in Higher Education, 18(1), 7787. DOI: 10.1177/1469787417693493
  32. Cofield, C. S. (2019). Factors contributing to military-veteran student success. [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University]. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6544/
  33. Colbow, A. J. (2017). Examining the relations between subjective social class, academics, and well-being in first-generation college student veterans [Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa]. DOI: 10.17077/etd.wmgkb4ry
  34. Cooke, P. J., Melchert, T. P., & Connor, K. (2016). Measuring well-being: A review of instruments. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 730757. DOI: 10.1177/0011000016633507
  35. Cortez, S. R. (2019). The impact of veteran peer-tutoring on mathematics course performance. (Publication No. 27603209) [Doctoral dissertation, Texas State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  36. Credé, M., & Niehorster, S. (2012). Adjustment to college as measured by the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire: A quantitative review of its structure and relationships with correlates and consequences. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 133165. DOI: 10.1007/s10648-011-9184-5
  37. Curtis, M. (2017). Deliberate practice: A quasi-experiment to investigate veterans versus nonveterans while attending community college. (Publication No. 10283203) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  38. Davidson, W. B., Beck, H. P., & Milligan, M. (2009). The College Persistence Questionnaire: Development and validation of an instrument that predicts student attrition. Journal of College Student Development, 50(4), 373390. DOI: 10.1353/csd.0.0079
  39. De La Garza, T. R., Manuel, M. A., Wood, J. L., & Harris, F. (2016). Military and veteran student achievement in postsecondary education: A structural equation model using the Community College Survey of Men (CCSM). Community College Enterprise, 22(1), 4354. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1106963
  40. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 5. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  41. Diener, E., Inglehart, R., & Tay, L. (2013). Theory and validity of life satisfaction scales. Social Indicators Research, 112(3), 497527. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-012-0076-y
  42. DiRamio, D., Ackerman, R., & Mitchell, R. L. (2008). From combat to campus: Voices of student-veterans. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 45(1), 73102. DOI: 10.2202/1949-6605.1908
  43. Doenges, T. J. (2011). Calling and meaningful work among student military veterans: Impact on well-being and experiences on campus. (Publication No. 3468765) [Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  44. Durdella, N., & Kim, Y. K. (2012). Understanding patterns of college outcomes among student veterans. Journal of Studies in Education, 2(2), 109129. DOI: 10.5296/jse.v2i2.1469
  45. Dyar, K. (2019). Veterans as students in higher education: A scoping review. Nursing Education Perspectives, 40(6), 333337. DOI: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000485
  46. Eakman, A. M. (2012). Measurement characteristics of the engagement in meaningful activities survey in an age-diverse sample. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(2), e20–e29. DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2012.001867
  47. Eakman, A. M., Kinney, A. R., & Reinhardt, R. (2019). Participation, meaningful activity, and social support among US student service members/veterans. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 39(4), 222231. DOI: 10.1177/1539449219833351
  48. Eakman, A. M., Kinney, A. R., Schierl, M. L., & Henry, K. L. (2019). Academic performance in student service members/veterans: Effects of instructor autonomy support, academic self-efficacy and academic problems. Educational Psychology, 39(8), 10051026. DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2019.1605048
  49. Eisenberg, D., Golberstein, E., & Hunt, J. B. (2009). Mental health and academic success in college. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 9(1), 570577. DOI: 10.2202/1935-1682.2191
  50. Elliot, A. J., Sheldon, K. M., & Church, M. A. (1997). Avoidance personal goals and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(9), 915927. DOI: 10.1177/0146167297239001
  51. Ford, K., & Vignare, K. (2014). The evolving military learner population: A review of the literature. Online Learning, 19(1), 730. DOI: 10.24059/olj.v19i1.503
  52. Foreman, P., Dempsey, I., Robinson, G., & Manning, E. (2001). Characteristics, academic and post-university outcomes of students with a disability at the University of Newcastle. Higher Education Research & Development, 20(3), 313325. DOI: 10.1080/07294360120108386
  53. Fraites-Chapes, C. L. (2018). Soldier, civilian, student: Understanding the relationship between gender, engagement, and self-identity of college student veterans. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas]. KU ScholarWorks. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/27554?show=full
  54. Fredman, S. J., Marshall, A. D., Le, Y., Aronson, K. R., Perkins, D. F., & Hayes, J. A. (2019). Interpersonal relationship quality mediates the association between military-related posttraumatic stress and academic dysfunction among student veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(4), 415423. DOI: 10.1037/tra0000363
  55. Frisch, M. B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M., & Retzlaff, P. J. (1992). Clinical validation of the Quality of Life Inventory. A measure of life satisfaction for use in treatment planning and outcome assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 92101. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.92
  56. Gallagher, K. L. (2017). Service-related conditions and higher-order cognitive processing in military veteran college students. (Publication No. 10642847) [Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  57. Ghosh, A., Santana, M. C., & Opelt, B. (2019). Veterans’ reintegration into higher education: A scoping review and recommendations. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 117. DOI: 10.1080/19496591.2019.1662796
  58. Gloria, A. M., Kurpius, S. E. R., Hamilton, K. D., & Willson, M. S. (1999). African American students’ persistence at a predominantly white university: Influence of social support, university comfort, and self-beliefs. Journal of College Student Development, 40(3), 257268.
  59. Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
  60. Griffin, L. F. (2019). Military veteran students: An exploration of completion and perceptions at a technical college. (Publication No. 22615477) [Doctoral dissertation, Wingate University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  61. Grossbard, J. R., Widome, R., Lust, K., Simpson, T. L., Lostutter, T. W., & Saxon, A. (2014). High-risk drinking and academic performance among college student veterans. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 58(3), 2847.
  62. Handelsman, M. M., Briggs, W. L., Sullivan, N., & Towler, A. (2005). A measure of college student course engagement. The Journal of Educational Research, 98(3), 184192. DOI: 10.3200/JOER.98.3.184-192
  63. Harvey, A., Andrewartha, L., Sharp, M., & Wyatt-Smith, M. (2018). Supporting younger military veterans to succeed in Australian higher education [Report for the Australian Government Department of Veterans Affairs]. La Trobe University. https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/articles/report/Supporting_younger_military_veterans_to_succeed_in_Australian_higher_education/14984739. DOI: 10.21061/jvs.v4i1.82
  64. Hays, R. D., Bjorner, J. B., Revicki, D. A., Spritzer, K. L., & Cella, D. (2009). Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items. Quality of Life Research, 18(7), 873880. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-009-9496-9
  65. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 10731082. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00213-6
  66. Hoffman, J. A., & Weiss, B. (1986). A new system for conceptualizing college students’ problems: Types of crises and the inventory of common problems. Journal of American College Health, 34(6), 259266. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.1986.9938947
  67. Kassarnig, V., Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Mones, E., Lehmann, S., & Lassen, D. D. (2017). Class attendance, peer similarity, and academic performance in a large field study. PLOS ONE, 12(11), e0187078. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187078
  68. Kazis, L. E., Miller, D. R., Clark, J., Skinner, K., Lee, A., Rogers, W., Spiro, A., Payne, S., Fincke, G., Selim, A., & Linzer, M. (1998). Health-related quality of life in patients served by the Department of Veterans Affairs: Results from the Veterans Health Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(6), 626633. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.158.6.626
  69. Kinney, A. R., & Eakman, A. M. (2017). Measuring self-advocacy skills among student veterans with disabilities: Implications for success in postsecondary education. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 30(4), 343358. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1172799.pdf
  70. Kinney, A. R., Graham, J. E., & Eakman, A. M. (2020). Factors distinguishing veterans participating in supported education services from veterans on campus: Evidence supporting modifiable intervention targets. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 43(3), 261269. DOI: 10.1037/prj0000399
  71. Kinney, A. R., Schmid, A. A., Henry, K. L., Coatsworth, J. D., & Eakman, A. M. (2019). Protective factors that mitigate the indirect risk of combat exposure upon meaning in life: A longitudinal study of student veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(5), 795804. DOI: 10.1037/tra0000512
  72. Lindheimer, J. B. (2011). The College Persistence Questionnaire: Developing scales to assess student retention and institutional effectiveness. [Masters dissertation, Appalachian State University]. NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Lindheimer,%20Jacob_2011_Thesis.pdf
  73. Linton, M.-J., Dieppe, P., & Medina-Lara, A. (2016). Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: Exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time. BMJ Open, 6(7), e010641. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641
  74. Locke, B. D., Buzolitz, J. S., Lei, P., Boswell, J. F., McAleavey, A. A., Sevig, T. D., Dowis, J. D., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). Development of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms-62 (CCAPS-62). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 97109. DOI: 10.1037/a0021282
  75. Logan, M. W. (2019). Exploring the impact of universal design for learning on graduation persistence of student veterans: A quantitative study. (Publication No. 13813821) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  76. Lopez, C. A. (2011). Factors influencing affordability, accessibility and academic success of military student veterans in higher education: A descriptive case study. (Publication No. 3510893) [Doctoral dissertation, Austin State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  77. McDonald, M. A. (2011). Engagement of community college student veterans: A mixed-methods study. (Publication No. 3486302) [Doctoral dissertation, California State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  78. McHorney, C. A., Ware, J. E., & Raczek, A. E. (1993). The MOS 36-item short-form (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Medical Care, 31, 247263. DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006
  79. Mentzer, B. D., Black, E. L., & Spohn, R. T. (2014). An analysis of supports for persistence for the military student population. online Learning, 19(1). DOI: 10.24059/olj.v19i1.500
  80. Metcalfe, Y. (2013). A logistic regression and discriminant function analysis of enrollment characteristics of student veterans with and without disabilities. [Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University]. VCU Scholars Compass. DOI: 10.25772/75GX-NW33
  81. Mobbs, M. C., & Bonanno, G. A. (2018). Beyond war and PTSD: The crucial role of transition stress in the lives of military veterans. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 137144. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.007
  82. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), 16. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
  83. Moore, T. T. (2017). Evaluation of a community college veteran center and student veteran success. (Publication No. 10637560) [Doctoral dissertation, Wingate University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  84. Morissette, S. B., Ryan-Gonzalez, C., Yufik, T., DeBeer, B. B., Kimbrel, N. A., Sorrells, A. M., Holleran-Steiker, L., Penk, W. E., Gulliver, S. B., & Meyer, E. C. (2021). The effects of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms on educational functioning in student veterans. Psychological Services, 18(1), 124133. DOI: 10.1037/ser0000356
  85. Morreale, C. (2011). Academic motivation and academic self-concept: Military veteran students in higher education. (Publication No. 3460783) [Doctoral dissertation, University at Buffalo, State University of New York]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  86. National Survey of Student Engagement. (2010). Major Differences Examining Student Engagement by Field of Study: Annual Results 2010. Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23409
  87. Ness, B. M., Middleton, M. J., & Hildebrandt, M. J. (2015). Examining the effects of self-reported Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms and positive relations with others on self-regulated learning for student service members/veterans. Journal of American College Health, 63(7), 448458. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2014.975719
  88. Ness, B. M., & Vroman, K. (2014). Preliminary examination of the impact of Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on self-regulated learning and academic achievement among military service members enrolled in postsecondary education. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(1), 3343. DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182a1cd4e
  89. Nevada System of Higher Education. (2016). 2015–16 Veterans Enrollment Report. https://ir.nevada.edu/documents/docs/2016_Veterans_Report_2015-16_Data.pdf
  90. Ochonma, T. M. (2016). Military veterans and academic achievement: An analysis of the factors influencing post-secondary academic achievement and academic load in military veterans. [Doctoral dissertation, Trident University International].
  91. O’Rourke, P. C. (2013). How military service affects student veteran success at community colleges. (Publication No. 3585006) [Doctoral dissertation, California State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  92. Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1980). Predicting freshman persistence and voluntary dropout decisions from a theoretical model. The Journal of Higher Education, 51(1), 6075. DOI: 10.2307/1981125
  93. Putwain, D., Sander, P., & Larkin, D. (2013). Academic self-efficacy in study-related skills and behaviours: Relations with learning-related emotions and academic success. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 633650. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02084.x
  94. Quigley, K. (2015). Impact of post-traumatic stress symptoms on college self-efficacy and student engagement among military members returning from deployment. (Publication No. 3633211) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  95. Reynolds, W. M. (1988). Measurement of academic self-concept in college students. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(2), 223240. DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5202_4
  96. Reynolds, W. M., Ramirez, M. P., Magriña, A., & Allen, J. E. (1980). Initial development and validation of the academic self-concept scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40(4), 10131016. DOI: 10.1177/001316448004000428
  97. Richardson, J. T. E. (2015). The under-attainment of ethnic minority students in UK higher education: What we know and what we don’t know. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 39(2), 278291. DOI: 10.1080/0309877X.2013.858680
  98. Ryan, M. T. (2019). Student veterans’ trauma exposure and academic success: A moderated mediation model. (Publication No. 22592133) [Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  99. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719727. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  100. Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464481. DOI: 10.1177/0022022102033005003
  101. Schreiner, L. A. (2010). The “Thriving Quotient”: A new vision for student success. About Campus: Enriching the Student Learning Experience, 15(2), 210. DOI: 10.1002/abc.20016
  102. Shackelford, J. L., Smith, L. S., Farrell, C. T., & Neils-Strunjas, J. (2019). Interrelationships among resilience, posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, depression, and academic outcomes in student military veterans. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57(2), 3543. DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20180924-02
  103. Sitzes, J. D. (2015). Enabling persistence of veteran students at North Carolina community colleges through institutional support programs and policies. (Publication No. 10112989) [Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  104. Smith-Osborne, A. (2009). Mental health risk and social ecological variables associated with educational attainment for gulf war veterans: Implications for veterans returning to civilian life. American Journal of Community Psychology, 44(3–4), 327337. DOI: 10.1007/s10464-009-9278-0
  105. Solberg, V. S., O’Brien, K., Villareal, P., Kennel, R., & Davis, B. (1993). Self-efficacy and Hispanic college students: Validation of the college self-efficacy instrument. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 8095. DOI: 10.1177/07399863930151004
  106. Southwell, K. H., Whiteman, S. D., MacDermid Wadsworth, S. M., & Barry, A. E. (2018). The use of university services and student retention: Differential links for student service members or veterans and civilian students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(4), 394412. DOI: 10.1177/1521025116636133
  107. Steger, M., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
  108. Takarangi, M. K. T., Moeck, E. K., Peters, J., & Stirling, N. S. J. (2022). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptom severity and functional impairment in the education domain. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 88, 102573. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102573
  109. Taylor, P., Murray, E., & Albertson, K. (Eds.). (2019). Military past, civilian present: International perspectives on veterans’ transition from the armed forces. Springer International Publishing. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30829-2
  110. Tilman, T. (2018). Student veterans’ sense of validation and its effects on intent to persist: A quantitative study using structural equation modelling. [Doctoral dissertation, University of California Los Angeles]. UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2xt0t1n8
  111. Trivedi, R. B., Post, E. P., Sun, H., Pomerantz, A., Saxon, A. J., Piette, J. D., Maynard, C., Arnow, B., Curtis, I., Fihn, S. D., & Nelson, K. (2015). Prevalence, comorbidity, and prognosis of mental health among US Veterans. American Journal of Public Health, 105(12), 25642569. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302836
  112. Umucu, E. (2017). Evaluating optimism, hope, resilience, coping flexibility, secure attachment, and PERMA as a well-being model for college life adjustment of student veterans: A hierarchical regression analysis. (Publication No. 10608545) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  113. Walker, A. (2017). Factors influencing veterans’ attraction to immersive mathematics instruction. (Publication No. 10642106) [Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
  114. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative Affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 10631070. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  115. Wernersbach, B. M., Crowley, S. L., Bates, S. C., & Rosenthal, C. (2014). Study skills course impact on academic self-efficacy. Journal of Developmental Education, 37(3), 1533.
  116. Whiteman, S. D., Barry, A. E., Mroczek, D. K., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. (2013). The development and implications of peer emotional support for student service members/veterans and civilian college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 265278. DOI: 10.1037/a0031650
  117. Williston, S. K., & Roemer, L. (2017). Predictors of well-being in the lives of student service members and veterans. Journal of American College Health, 65(6), 404412. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1341891
  118. Young, S. L. (2017). Veterans adjustment to college: Construction and validation of a scale. Journal of Veterans Studies, 2(2), 13. DOI: 10.21061/jvs.13
  119. Young, S. L. (2012). Transitioning from combat to college: The impact of risk and resilience factors on student veterans. (Publication No. 3544993) [Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Language: English
Page range: 104 - 119
Submitted on: Dec 9, 2021
Accepted on: Jun 16, 2022
Published on: Sep 22, 2022
Published by: Virginia Tech Publishing
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2022 Ella K. Moeck, Melanie K. T. Takarangi, Ben Wadham, published by Virginia Tech Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.