Table 1
Sample Demographics.
| CHARACTERISTIC | SAMPLE |
|---|---|
| Age (Years) | |
| Mean | 37.34 |
| Median | 35.50 |
| SD | 8.73 |
| Range | 42 |
| Time in Service (Years) | |
| Mean | 8.68 |
| Median | 6.25 |
| SD | 6.39 |
| Range | 35–58 |
| Branch of Military N (%) | |
| Air Force | 9 (13.8%) |
| Army | 34 (52.3%) |
| Navy | 6 (9.2%) |
| Marine Corps | 14 (21.5%) |
| Coast Guard | 1 (1.5%) |
| Two or more | 1 (1.5%) |
| Component of Military | |
| Active | 7 (10.8%) |
| Discharged | 45 (69.2%) |
| Reserve | 3 (4.6%) |
| Retired | 10 (15.4%) |
| Number of Deployments | |
| One | 35 (53.8%) |
| Two | 18 (27.7%) |
| Three | 5 (7.7%) |
| Four | 3 (4.6%) |
| Five or more | 4 (6.2%) |
| Gender N (%) | |
| Female | 13 (20.0%) |
| Male | 52 (80.0%) |
| Ethnicity (%) | |
| African American/Black | 5 (7.7%) |
| Latino(a)/Hispanic | 8 (12.3%) |
| Multiple Ethnicities | 4 (6.2%) |
| White | 48 (73.8%) |
Table 2
Mental Health Assessment Correlations.
| ECR-AVOID | ECR-ANX | PCL-5 | SBQ-R | GAD-7 | PHQ-9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECR-AVOID | 1 | .15 | 38** | .07 | .29* | .28* |
| ECR- ANX | 1 | .31* | .12 | .20 | .17 | |
| PCL-5 | 1 | .40** | .70*** | .78*** | ||
| SBQ-R | 1 | .34** | .39** | |||
| GAD-7 | 1 | .84*** | ||||
| PHQ-9 | 1 |
[i] Note: ECR-AVOID= Experiences in Close Relationships avoidant secondary strategy. ECR-ANX= Experiences in Close Relationships anxiety secondary strategy. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist-5. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. SBQ-R = Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. *** p < .001 (two tailed) ** p < .01 (two tailed), * p < .05 (two tailed).
Table 3
Attachment Avoidance as the Mediating Variable to PTSD.
| MODEL | Coef. | SE | t | p | R2 | Adj. R2 | F | df1 | df2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (SBQ-R) to mediator (a path) | .02 | .04 | .40 | .70 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 5.06 | 1.67 | 3.03 | .004 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 1.88 | .58 | 3.24 | .002 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 1.80 | .55 | 3.29 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | 4.08 | 1.94 | 2.10 | .04 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .23 | .20 | 9.13 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 2: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (GAD-7) to mediator (a path) | .06 | .03 | 2.20 | .03 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 2.76 | 1.42 | 1.94 | .06 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 2.34 | .32 | 7.36 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 2.17 | .32 | 6.72 | .001 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | 3.24 | 1.64 | 1.97 | .05 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .52 | .50 | 33.31 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 3: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PHQ-9) to mediator (a path) | .05 | .02 | 2.11 | .04 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 2.49 | 1.23 | 2.02 | .05 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 2.28 | .24 | 9.53 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 2.16 | .24 | 8.91 | .001 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | 3.38 | 1.42 | 2.38 | .02 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .63 | .62 | 53.66 | 2 | 62 |
[i] Note: DV = Dependent Variable. SBQ-R = Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Table 4
Attachment Anxiety as the Mediating Variable to PTSD.
| MODEL | Coef. | SE | t | p | R2 | Adj. R2 | F | df1 | df2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (SBQ-R) to mediator (a path) | .03 | .04 | .86 | .39 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 4.08 | 1.94 | 2.10 | .04 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 1.93 | .56 | 3.44 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 1.80 | .55 | 3.29 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | 5.55 | 1.70 | 3.27 | .002 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .28 | .25 | 9.95 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 2: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (GAD-7) to mediator (a path) | .03 | .03 | 1.35 | .18 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 2.95 | 1.61 | 1.83 | .07 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 2.27 | .32 | 7.00 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 2.17 | .32 | 6.72 | .001 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | 3.01 | 1.45 | 2.08 | .04 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .52 | .51 | 33.73 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 3: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PHQ-9) to mediator (a path) | .02 | .02 | 1.08 | .28 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | 3.08 | 1.40 | 2.21 | .03 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | 2.23 | .25 | 9.02 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | 2.16 | .24 | 8.91 | .001 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | 2.78 | 1.27 | 2.19 | .03 | |||||
| Model Summary | .001 | .63 | .62 | 52.63 | 2 | 62 |
[i] Note: DV = Dependent Variable. SBQ-R = Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Table 5
Attachment Avoidance as the Mediating Variable to Suicidality.
| MODEL | Coef. | SE | t | p | R2 | Adj.R2 | F | df1 | df2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PCL5) to mediator (a path) | .02 | .01 | 2.97 | .004 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | –.29 | .38 | –.76 | .45 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .08 | .02 | 3.24 | .002 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .08 | .03 | 3.29 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | –.02 | .43 | –.05 | .96 | |||||
| Model Summary | .01 | .16 | .13 | 5.74 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 2: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (GAD-7) to mediator (a path) | .06 | .03 | 2.20 | .03 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | –.13 | .38 | –.33 | .74 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .23 | .08 | 2.75 | .01 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .24 | .09 | 2.71 | .01 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | .18 | .43 | .41 | .68 | |||||
| Model Summary | .02 | .12 | .09 | 4.25 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 3: attachment anxiety as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PHQ-9) to mediator (a path) | .05 | .02 | 2.11 | .04 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | –.16 | .37 | –.42 | .68 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .23 | .07 | 3.24 | .002 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .24 | .07 | 3.22 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment anxiety | .18 | .42 | .44 | .66 | |||||
| Model Summary | .01 | .16 | .13 | 5.76 | 2 | 62 |
[i] Note: DV = Dependent Variable. PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist-5. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Table 6
Attachment Anxiety as the Mediating Variable to Suicidality.
| MODEL | Coef. | SE | t | p | R2 | Adj. R2 | F | df1 | df2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PCL5) to mediator (a path) | .02 | .01 | 2.30 | .03 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | –.01 | .43 | –.03 | .98 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .08 | .02 | 3.44 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .08 | .03 | 3.29 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | –.29 | .38 | –.77 | .44 | |||||
| Model Summary (try to put this in the text) | .01 | .16 | .14 | 6.09 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 2: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (GAD-7) to mediator (a path) | .03 | .03 | 1.35 | .18 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | .19 | .43 | .44 | .66 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .24 | .08 | 2.85 | .01 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .24 | .09 | 2.71 | .01 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | –.11 | .38 | –.29 | .77 | |||||
| Model Summary (try to put this in the text) | .02 | .12 | .09 | 4.21 | 2 | 62 | |||
| Model 3: attachment avoidance as a covariate | |||||||||
| IV (PHQ-9) to mediator (a path) | .02 | .02 | 1.08 | .28 | |||||
| Direct effect of mediator on DV (b path) | .20 | .42 | .48 | .63 | |||||
| Total effect of IV on DV (c path) | .24 | .07 | 3.34 | .001 | |||||
| Direct effect of IV on DV (c’ path) | .24 | .07 | 3.22 | .002 | |||||
| Partial effect of control variable on DV | |||||||||
| Attachment avoidance | –.14 | .37 | –.38 | .71 | |||||
| Model Summary (try to put this in the text) | .01 | .16 | .13 | 5.73 | 2 | 62 |
[i] Note: DV = Dependent Variable. PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist-5. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Figure 1
Suicidality Parallel Mediation Model.
Note: (N = 65) Attachment Avoidance = Experiences in Close Relationships avoidant secondary strategy. Attachment Anxiety = Experiences in Close Relationships anxiety secondary strategy. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Depression = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. PTSD = PTSD Checklist-5. Suicidality = Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Path c’ = direct effect. All coefficients are unstandardized. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
Figure 2
PTSD Parallel Mediation Model.
Note: (N = 65) Attachment Avoidance = Experiences in Close Relationships avoidant secondary strategy. Attachment Anxiety = Experiences in Close Relationships anxiety secondary strategy. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Depression = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. PTSD = PTSD Checklist-5. Suicidality = Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Path c’ = direct effect. All coefficients are unstandardized. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.