Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Patriotism: The Price Paid by the African American Soldier Cover

Patriotism: The Price Paid by the African American Soldier

Open Access
|Nov 2021

References

  1. Angelou, M. (1978) Still I rise. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46446/still-i-rise
  2. Armey, L., Berck, P., & Lipow, J. (2019). Racial selection in deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan. Defense and Peace Economics, 32(2), 178192. DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2019.1685341
  3. Baker, P., Toobin, J., & Stillman, S. (2016, November 27). The tragic, forgotten history of black military veterans. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-tragic-forgotten-history-of-black-military-veterans
  4. Brown, D. (2018, February 14). Frederick Douglass needed to see Lincoln. Would the President meet with a former slave? The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/02/14/frederick-douglass-needed-to-see-lincoln-would-the-president-meet-with-a-former-slave
  5. Brown, K. O. (2016). Letters of black soldiers from Ohio who served in the 54th and 55th Massachusetts volunteer infantries during the Civil War. Ohio Valley History, 16(3), 7279.
  6. Callard, A. (2009, November 6). Memoirs of a World War II Buffalo Soldier. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/memoirs-of-a-world-war-ii-buffalo-soldier-149170923
  7. Chow, A., & Bates, J. (2020, June 12). Black Vietnam veterans on injustices they faced: Da 5 Bloods. Times. https://time.com/5852476/da-5-bloods-black-vietnam-veterans
  8. Clark, A. (2020, August 5). Black Americans who served in WWII Faced Segregation abroad and at home. History.com. https://www.history.com/news/black-soldiers-world-war-ii-discrimination
  9. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
  10. Fendrich, J. M. (1972). The returning black Vietnam-era veteran. Social Service Review, 46(1), 6075. DOI: 10.1086/642798
  11. Hall, D. M., Rings, J. A., & Anderson, T. (2020). Military life narratives and identity development among black post-9/11 veterans. Journal of Veterans Studies, 6(3), 3646. DOI: 10.21061/jvs.v6i3.216
  12. Hampton, I. (2013). The Black officer corps a history of Black military advancement from integration through Vietnam. Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780203081891
  13. History.com. (2021, January 25). Black Civil War soldiers. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/black-civil-war-soldiers
  14. Mayseless, O., & Scharf, M. (2011). Respecting others and being respected can reduce aggression in parent–child relations and in schools. In P. R. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.), Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences (pp. 277294). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/12346-015
  15. Patrick, D. (2020). Patriotism in Black. https://medium.com/@DevalPatrick/patriotism-in-black-6560d53d567a
  16. Pogrebin, M. (2003). Qualitative approaches to criminal justice: Perspectives from the field. Sage.
  17. Pope, K. (Ed.). (2019). United States: National association of black military women: History of black women in the military. National Association of Black Military Women. https://www.nabmw.org
  18. Raynor, S. D. (2015). African American masculinity in the wartime diaries of two Vietnam soldiers. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 17(3). DOI: 10.7771/1481-4374.2644
  19. Reidy, J. P. (2001). Black men in navy blue during the Civil War, Part 3. Prologue Magazine, 33(3). https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2001/fall/black-sailors-3.html
  20. Schoch, K. (2019). Case study research. In G. J. Burkholder, K. A. Cox, L. M. Crawford, & J. H. Hitchcock (Eds.), Research design and methods: An applied guide for the scholar-practitioner (pp. 245258). Sage.
  21. Webb, S. C., & Herrmann, W. J. (2002). Historical overview of racism in the military. Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA488652.pdf. DOI: 10.21236/ADA487814
  22. Whelan, J. (2021). In the face of adversity: the service and legacy of African American veterans of World War II [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki3ArT3o5Lw&list=PLz_KMmB8AUseU2Eq6Qsbxt53ejB1OL_p-
  23. Wintermute, B. A. (2012). The Negro should not be used as a combat soldier: reconfiguring racial identity in the United States Army, 1890–1918. Patterns of Prejudice, 46(3–4), 277298. DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2012.701498
Language: English
Page range: 23 - 37
Submitted on: May 14, 2021
Accepted on: Oct 21, 2021
Published on: Nov 2, 2021
Published by: Virginia Tech Publishing
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2021 Tina B. Craddock, published by Virginia Tech Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.