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Decision-Making and Cognitive Orientation in Veteran Workforce Reintegration: A Comparative Study of Retired Military and Civilian Workers Cover

Decision-Making and Cognitive Orientation in Veteran Workforce Reintegration: A Comparative Study of Retired Military and Civilian Workers

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Participant Demographics.

VARIABLEMILITARY (n = 99)SDCIVILIAN (n = 117)SD
Mean Age49.8 years6.0149.6 years5.96
Gender (M/F)68/3159/58
Years of Military Service23.1 years average
Range 20–34 years
Years of Full-Time Employment27.9 years average
Range 20–43 years
9.0530 years average
Range 20–56 years
7.578

[i] Note. Not all collected demographics can be displayed in table format.

Table 2

Decision-Quality Competence and Style Descriptive Statistics by Group.

STATISTICCOMPETENCE MEANSTYLE MEAN
Non-MILMILNon-MILMIL
Valid1179911799
Mean2.873.952.681.94
Std. Deviation0.680.650.660.68
Minimum1.711.571.101.00
Maximum5.005.004.505.00
Figure 1

Distribution of Thinking Perspective Scores.

Table 3

MANOVA Results for Thinking Perspective by Military Retirement Status.

SOURCEdfAPPROX. FPILLAI’S TRACENUM dfDEN dfp
Intercept1801.45.9193212<.001
Military Retirement Status14.98.0663212.002
Residuals214
Table 4

Binary Logistic Regression Predicting Worker Status.

PREDICTORBSEWALDdfpEXP (B)
Decision Competence1.810.2939.061<.0016.08
Decision Style–1.040.2912.871<.0010.35
Past Thinking0.080.110.541.461.08
Present Thinking–0.030.100.091.770.97
Future Thinking0.060.090.451.501.06

[i] Note. χ² = 114.49, p < .001; Tjur’s R² = .55; Model classification = 81.48%. B = unstandardized logistic regression coefficient; SE = standard error; Exp(B) = odds ratio.

Language: English
Page range: 107 - 122
Submitted on: Mar 3, 2026
Accepted on: May 13, 2026
Published on: Jun 4, 2026
Published by: Virginia Tech Publishing
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Joshua Denman, Amanda Tanner, Michelle K. Preiksaitis, published by Virginia Tech Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.