
Figure 1
Flow diagram for the SCOPUS search strategy.

Figure 2
Trended dataset of number of annual publications vs year and cumulative number of annual publications vs year of publication. Compiled from results of SCOPUS query: TITLE-ABS (‘cost of quality’ OR ‘cost of poor quality’ OR ‘hidden quality cost’) AND LANGUAGE (English) AND (DOCTYPE (ar)) AND (SRCTYPE (j)). Chart created using Excel. The total cumulative number of publications was 666.

Figure 3
Trended dataset of number of annual publications vs year and cumulative number of annual publications vs year of publication. Compiled from results of SCOPUS query: TITLE-ABS (‘cost of quality’ OR ‘cost of poor quality’ OR ‘hidden quality cost’) AND LANGUAGE (English) AND (DOCTYPE (ar)) AND (SRCTYPE (j)). Filtered results using ‘cost of poor quality’ by title using Zotero and created the chart using Excel. The total cumulative number of publications was 20.

Figure 4
Trended dataset of number of annual publications vs year and cumulative number of annual publications vs year of publication. Compiled from results of SCOPUS query: TITLE-ABS (‘cost of quality’ OR ‘cost of poor quality’ OR ‘hidden quality cost’) AND LANGUAGE (English) AND (DOCTYPE (ar)) AND (SRCTYPE (j)). Filtered results using ‘hidden’ in the title using Zotero and created the chart using Excel. The total cumulative number of publications was 13.

Figure 5
Trended dataset of number of publications by top 10 countries. Compiled from results of SCOPUS query: TITLE-ABS (‘cost of quality’ OR ‘cost of poor quality’ OR ‘hidden quality cost’) AND LANGUAGE (English) AND (DOCTYPE (ar)) AND (SRCTYPE (j)). Results exported from SCOPUS and chart created with Excel.

Figure 6
Visualization of co-authoring network map with countries that published on cost of quality, created using VOSviewer 1.6.19. Map showing connected countries with co-author relationships. Larger circles represent more publications. Lines represent connected co-authorship.
Table 1
Top 10 journals from SCOPUS search with research on COQ.
| SOURCE TITLE | NO. OF ARTICLES | COUNTRY | PUBLISHER | SCOPUS CITE SCORE 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management | 29 | United Kingdom | Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. | 4.9 |
| Quality Progress | 23 | United States | American Society for Quality | 0.3 |
| Total Quality Management and Business Excellence | 18 | United Kingdom | Routledge | 7.2 |
| International Journal of Production Research | 13 | United Kingdom | Taylor & Francis Ltd. | 14.6 |
| International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management | 11 | United Kingdom | Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. | 2.2 |
| TQM Journal | 11 | United Kingdom | Emerald Publishing Ltd. | 4.9 |
| TQM Magazine | 10 | United Kingdom | Emerald Publishing Ltd. | N/A |
| Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 8 | United States | American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) | 6.3 |
| International Journal of Production Economics | 7 | Netherlands | Elsevier | 14.3 |
| International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering | 5 | United Kingdom | Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. | 1.4 |
Table 2
Citation analysis of top 20 most influential articles from SCOPUS search with research on COQ.
| NO. | AUTHORS | TITLE | JOURNAL | YEAR PUBLISHED | NUMBER CITATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S. Albliwi, J. Antony, S.A.H. Lim, T. van der Wiele | Critical failure factors of lean Six Sigma: A systematic literature review | International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management | 2014 | 333 |
| 2 | E. Peter, D. Love, L.I. Heng | Quantifying the causes and costs of rework in construction | Construction Management and Economics | 2000 | 316 |
| 3 | S. Baiman, P.E. Fischer, M.V. Rajan | Information, contracting, and quality costs | Management Science | 2000 | 266 |
| 4 | A. Ha, X. Long, J. Nasiry | Quality in supply chain encroachment | Manufacturing and Service Operations Management | 2016 | 219 |
| 5 | H. Birnbaum, C. Pike, R. Kaufman, M. Marynchenko, Y. Kidolezi, M. Cifaldi | Societal cost of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the US | Current Medical Research and Opinion | 2010 | 171 |
| 6 | R. Shapiro, A. Basu, H. Tan, E. Gray, A. Kahn, P. Randhawa, N. Murase, A. Zeevi, A. Girnita, D. Metes, R. Ness, D.C. Bass, A.J. Demetris, J.J. Fung, A. Marcos, T.E. Starzl | Kidney transplantation under minimal immunosuppression after pretransplant lymphoid depletion with Thymoglobulin or Campath | Journal of the American College of Surgeons | 2005 | 159 |
| 7 | P. Barber, A. Graves, M. Hall, D. Sheath, C. Tomkins | Quality failure costs in civil engineering projects | International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management | 2000 | 157 |
| 8 | P.E.D. Love, P. Mandal, H. Li | Determining the causal structure of rework influences in construction | Construction Management and Economics | 1999 | 154 |
| 9 | S. Thirumalai, K.K. Sinha | Product recalls in the medical device industry: An empirical exploration of the sources and financial consequences | Management Science | 2011 | 151 |
| 10 | R. Isaksson, U. Steimle | What does GRI-reporting tell us about corporate sustainability? | TQM Journal | 2009 | 145 |
| 11 | M. Kaya, O. Özer | Quality risk in outsourcing: Noncontractible product quality and private quality cost information | Naval Research Logistics | 2009 | 136 |
| 12 | R.B. Franca, E.C. Jones, C.N. Richards, J.P. Carlson | Multi-objective stochastic supply chain modeling to evaluate tradeoffs between profit and quality | International Journal of Production Economics | 2010 | 125 |
| 13 | J.J. Plunkett, B.G. Dale | Quality costs: A critique of some economic cost of quality models | International Journal of Production Research | 1988 | 116 |
| 14 | B. Al-Najjar | Total quality maintenance: An approach for continuous reduction in costs of quality products | Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering | 1996 | 112 |
| 15 | M.A. Bergman, S. Lundberg | Tender evaluation and supplier selection methods in public procurement | Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management | 2013 | 101 |
| 16 | W.-H. Tsai | Quality cost measurement under activity-based costing | International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management | 1998 | 101 |
| 17 | V. Šmídl, A. Quinn | Variational Bayesian filtering | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing | 2008 | 98 |
| 18 | K. Davis, W.B. Ledbetter, Jr. Burati, J.L. | Measuring design and construction quality costs | Journal of Construction Engineering and Management | 1989 | 88 |
| 19 | J.A. Douglas, J. Antony, A. Douglas | Waste identification and elimination in HEIs: the role of Lean thinking | International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management | 2015 | 85 |
| 20 | S.A. Starbird | Penalties, rewards, and inspection: Provisions for quality in supply chain contracts | Journal of the Operational Research Society | 2001 | 83 |

Figure 7
Visualization on COQ SCOPUS results filtered down to hidden cost and created using Litmaps. The Bibliographic Coupling and Network Visualization Map shows the flow of influential papers referencing hidden costs with an additional two degrees of freedom of connection added based on Litmaps capabilities. Larger circles represent more citations. Lines represent citations by other papers connected on map.
