References
-
Adams et al. 2003
Adams W. M Brockington D Dyson J Vira B 2003 Managing Tragedies: Understanding Conflict over Common Pool Resources Science 302 5652 1915 1916 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087771
-
Adhikari 2001
Adhikari J. R 2001 Community Based Natural Resource Management in Nepal with Reference to Community Forestry: A Gender Perspective A Journal of the Environment 6 7 9 22
-
ANCA 2014
ANCA 2014 “A Short Progress Report on Api-Nampa Conservation Area.” Darchula Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal
-
Aryal et al. 2013
Aryal A Brunton D Pandit R Rai R. K Shrestha U. B Lama N Raubenheimer D Rangelands, Conflicts, and Society in the Upper Mustang Region, Nepal Mountain Research and Development 2013 33 1 11 18 https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00055.1
-
Baland and Platteau 1996
Baland J. M Platteau J. P 1996 Halting Degradation of Natural Resources: Is There a Role for Rural Communities? Rome, Italy Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://doi.org/10.2307/2624181
-
Banjade and Paudel 2008
Banjade M. R Paudel N. S 2008 Economic Potential of Non-timber Forest Products in Nepal: Myth or Reality? Forest and Livelihood 7 1 36 48
-
Bardhan 1993
Bardhan P 1993 Economics of Development and the Development of Economics The Journal of Economic Perspectives 7 2 129 142 http://doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.2.129
-
Cannon et al. 2009
Cannon P. F Hywel-Jones N. L Maczey N Norbu L Tshitila Samdup T. Lhendup P. 2009 Steps Towards Sustainable Harvest of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan Biodiversity and Conservation 18 9 2263 2281 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9587-5
-
CBS 2011
CBS 2011 Nepal Census 2011 District Profiles (Demography) Kathmandu Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal
-
Chhetri and Pandey 1992
Chhetri R. B Pandey T. R 1992 User Group Forestry in the Far Western Region of Nepal: Case Studies from Baitadi and Achham Kathmandu, Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
-
Childs and Choedup 2014
Childs G Choedup N 2014 Indigenous Management Strategies and Socioeconomic Impacts of Yartsa Gunbu (Ophiocordyceps sinensis ) Harvesting in Nubri and Tsum. Himalaya, The Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies 34 1 Article 7
-
DOF 1995
DOF 1995 Community Forestry Directives, 1995 Kathmandu Nepal: Department of Forests, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
DOF 2008
DOF 2008 Community Forest Development Programme Guideline 2008 Nepal Department of Forests, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
Derkyi et al. 2014
Derkyi M Ros-Tonen M. A. F Kyereh B Dietz T 2014 Fighting Over Forest: Toward a Shared Analysis of Livelihood Conflicts and Conflict Management in Ghana Society & Natural Resources 27 3 281 298 http://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861550
-
DeYoung 1999
DeYoung R. K 1999 Tragedy of the Commons Encyclopedia of Environmental Science Alexander D. E Fairbridge R. W. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4494-1_328
-
Dhakal 2014
Dhakal B 2014 The Local Environmental, Economic and Social Tragedies of International Interventions on Community Based Forest Management for Global Environmental Conservation: A Critical Evaluation Open Journal of Forestry 04 1 58 69 http://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.41010
-
DPR 2014
DPR 2014
National Workshop on Conservation and Management of Yarsagumba in Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal Conservation and Management of Yarsagumba in Kailash Sacred Landscape Nepal Panthi S Kathmandu B. Pant Nepal Department of Plant Resources -
Ebregt et al. 2007
Ebregt A Sah R. N Paudyal D Thapa Y. B Siwakoti R. S 2007 Collaborative Forest Management in Nepal (Challenges and Prospects) BISEP-ST Kathmandu
-
GON 1993
GON 1993 Forest Act, 1993 Kathmandu, Nepal Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
GON 1995
GON 1995 Forest Regulation, 1995 Kathmandu Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
GON 1996
GON 1996 Conservation Area Management Rules, 1996 Kathmandu Nepal: Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal
-
GON 2000
GON 2000 Forest Sector Policy 2000 Kathmandu Nepal: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
GON 2013
GON 2013 Jadibuti Bikri Bitaran Samchhipta Lagat: Arthik Barsa 2070 (A Brief NTFPs Sale and Distribution in Fiscal Year 2012/2013 Department of Forests, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. (In Nepali)
-
GON 2016
GON 2016 Nepal Gazette 2016 Kathmandu Nepal: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal
-
Hardin 1968
Hardin G 1968 The Tragedy of the Commons Science 162 3859 1243 1248 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243
-
HMGN 1993
HMGN. FOREST ACT 2049 1993 Official Translation (1993) Nepal
-
HMGN 2000
HMGN. Revised Forest Sector Policy 2000 Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation
-
HNCC 2004
HNCC 2004 Herbs and Non Timber Forest Product Development Policy 2004 Nepal Herbs and NTFP Coordination Committee, Government of Nepal
-
Holliday and Cleaver 2008
Holliday J Cleaver M 2008 Medicinal Value of the Caterpillar Fungi Species of the Genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes). A Review International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 10 3 219 234 https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v10.i3.30
-
Kanel and Kandel 2004
Kanel K. R Kandel B. R 2004 Community Forestry in Nepal: Achievements and Challenges Journal of Forest and Livelihood 4 1 55 63
-
Keohane and Ostrom 1995
Keohane R Ostrom E 1995 Local Commons and Global Interdependence: Hetergeneity and Cooperation in Two Domains Beverely Hills, CA Sage Publications
-
Negi 2007
Negi C. S 2007 Changing Face of Polyculture in the Darma and Johaar Valleys, Pithoragarh, Kumaun Himalayas International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 14 433 https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500709469743
-
Ostrom 1990
Ostrom E 1990 Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action Cambridge Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
-
Ostrom 2002
Ostrom E 2002 Common-Pool Resources and Institutions: Toward a Revised Theory Handbook of Agricultural Economics vol. 2 Gardner B Rausser G 1315 1339 Amsterdam Elsevier Science http://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(02)10006-5
-
Ostrom 2008
Ostrom E 2008 The Challenge of Common-Pool Resources Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 50 4 8 21 http://doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.50.4.8-21
-
Ostrom et al. 1999
Ostrom E Burger J Field C. B Norgaard R. B Policansky D 1999 Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges Science (New York, N.Y.) 284 5412 278 282 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.278
-
Pant et al. 2014
Pant B Wallrapp C Ram A. K Kotru R 2014 Across the Mahakali, Yarsagumba Collection Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85FLh1HqFds
-
Rai 2007
Rai R. K 2007 Nepal’s Terai Forest Management?: an Ethical View Paper Submitted for Seminar Period (March 2007) at University of Joensuu Finland http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1935.0487
-
Shrestha and Bawa 2013
Shrestha U. B Bawa K. S 2013 Trade, Harvest, and Conservation of Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) in the Himalayas Biological Conservation 159 514 520 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.032
-
Shrestha and Bawa 2014
Shrestha U. B Bawa K. S 2014 Economic Contribution of Chinese Caterpillar Fungus to the Livelihoods of Mountain Communities in Nepal Biological Conservation 177 194 202 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.019
-
Shrestha et al. 2010
Shrestha U. B Shrestha B. B. Shrestha S. 2010 Biodiversity Conservation in Community Forests of Nepal: Rhetoric and Reality International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2 5 98 104 Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/ijbc/pdf/pdf2010/May/Shrestha et al.pdf
-
Singh 2005
Singh K. C. H 2005 Collaborative Approach in Terai Forestry Hamro Ban Sampada (Un Official English Translation 3 1 3 8
-
Skutch 2000
Skutch M. M 2000 Conflict Management and Participation in Community Forestry Agroforestry Systems 48 2 189 206 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006328403023
-
Thapa et al. 2014
Thapa B. B Panthi S Rai R. K Shrestha U. B Aryal A Shrestha S Shrestha B 2014 An Assessment of Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal Journal of Mountain Science 11 2 555 562 http://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2692-7
-
Thoms 2008
Thoms C. A 2008 Community Control of Resources and the Challenge of Improving Local Livelihoods?: A Critical Examination of Community Forestry in Nepal Geoforum 39 1452 1465 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.01.006
-
Upreti 2004
Upreti B. R 2004 Resource Conflicts and Conflict Resolution in Nepal Mountain Research and Development 24 1 60 66 https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2004)024[0060:RCACRI]2.0.CO;2
-
Uprety 2006
Uprety D. R Conflicts in Natural Resource Management - Examples from Community Forestry Journal of the Austrian Society of Agricultural Economics 2006 15 143 155
-
Varughese and Ostrom 2001
Varughese G Ostrom E 2001 The Contested Role of Heterogeneity in Collective Action: Some Evidence from Community Forestry in Nepal World Development 29 5 747 765 http://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00012-2
-
Weckerle et al. 2010
Weckerle C. S Yang Y Huber F. K Li Q 2010 People, Money, and Protected Areas: The Collection of the Caterpillar Mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve, Southwest China Biodiversity and Conservation 19 9 2685 2698 http://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9867-0
-
Winkler 2009
Winkler D 2009 Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Production and Sustainability on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Himalayas Asian Medicine 5 2 291 316 http://doi.org/10.1163/157342109x568829
-
Winkler 2010
Winkler D 2010 Cordyceps sinensis: A Precious Parasitic Fungus Infecting Tibet Field Mycology 11 2 60 67 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fldmyc.2010.04.009
-
Winkler 2011
Winkler D 2011 2011-The Year Cordyceps Mushroomed in the Media Landscape But Did Not Thrive in Tibet Fungi 5 3 34 40
