References
- Adebayo, S.T., Oyawole, F.P., Sanusi, R.A., Afolami, C.A. (2022). Technology adoption among cocoa farmers in Nigeria: What drives farmers’ decisions? Forest. Trees Livelih., 31(1), 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2021.2011789 - Adebiyi, S., Okunlola, J.O., Akinnagbe, O.M. (2021). Effect of rehabilitation techniques on cocoa beans yield in Southern Nigeria. Sci. Pap. Ser. Manag. Econ. Eng. Agric. Rural Dev., 21(3). Retrieved from:
https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.21_3/volume_21_3_2021.pdf - Adeogun, S.O., Olawoye, J.E., Akinbile, L.A. (2010). Information sources to cocoa farmers on cocoa rehabilitation techniques (CRTs) in selected states of Nigeria. J. Media Comm. Stud., 2(1), 9–15. Retrieved from:
https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380093281_Adeogun%20et%20al.pdf - Akinnagbe, O.M. (2020). Adoption levels of cocoa rehabilitation programmes in south west Nigeria. Pelita Perkeb. Coffee Cocoa Res. J., 36(2), 180–189.
https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v36i2.396 - Akinpelu, A.O., Lawal, J.O., Ibiremo, O.S., Ogunwolu, Q.A. (2021). Socio-economic factors and cocoa rehabilitation techniques among farmers in Boki, Cross River State, Nigeria. Asian J. Res. Crop Sci., 6(4), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2021/v6i430121 - Aladejimokun, O.A., Ogundari, K. (2008). Optimum Period and Determinants of Replacing Aged Cocoa Trees in Nigeria: An Economic Analysis. Emp. Econ. Lett., 7(2), 154–159. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v36i2.396 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kolawole_Ogundari/publication/260640530_Aladejimokun_OA_and_K_Ogundari_2008_Optimum_period_and_determinants_of_replacing_aged_cocoa_trees_in_Nigeria_an_economic_analysis_ - Amerino, J., Apedo, C.K., Anang, B.T. (2024). Factors influencing adoption of cocoa agroforestry in Ghana: Analysis based on tree density choice. Sustain. Env., 10(1), 2296162.
https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2023.2296162 - Ayodele, O.V., Afuye, I.E. (2025). Adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques among Cocoa Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Pelita Perkeb. Coffee Cocoa R. J., 41(1), 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v41i1.625 - Boateng, C.Y., Asiamah, M., Tham-Agyekum, E.K., Tawiah, F.O., Bakang, J.-E.A. (2023). Antecedent Of Farmers’ Response to the Cocoa Rehabilitation Programme in the Sefwi-Boako Cocoa District, Ghana. Agric. Soc.-Econ. J., 23(3), 357–371.
https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2023.023.3.9 - Bryant, C., Mitchell, M.I. (2021). The political ecology of cocoa in Ghana: Past, present and future challenges. Nat. Res. Forum Unit. Nat. Syst. Dev. J., 45(4), 350–365.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12232 - CIMMYT (1993). The adoption of agricultural technology: A guide for survey design. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Retrieved from:
https://repository.cimmy.org/handle/10883/976 - Djuideu, C.T.L., Bisseleua, H.D.B., Kekeunou, S.S.Ã, Felicitas, F.C. (2021). Rehabilitation practices in cocoa agroforestry systems mitigate outbreaks of termites and support cocoa tree development and yield. Agric. Ecosys. Env., 311.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107324 - Drența, R.F., Lobonțiu, G. (2016). The Characteristics of Innovation and The Technological Diffusion. Strategica, 576–585. Retrieved from:
https://strategica-conference.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/47-2.pdf - Eberhard, E.K., Hicks, J., Simon, A.C., Arbic, B.K. (2022). Livelihood considerations in land-use decision-making: Cocoa and mining in Ghana. World Dev. Persp., 26, 100417.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100417 - Esan, V.I., Oke, G.O., Olaide, A., Ayoola, M.O., Obisesan, I.A., Olurant, O.O. (2025). Knowledge on potential, production, and achievements of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in Nigeria: Past, current status, and perspective. CABI Agric. Biosci., 6(1), 0028.
https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2025.0028 - Etaware, P.M. (2022). Some identifiable factors responsible for the variation in cocoa production in Nigeria and other cocoa producing nations, adjudicated by their contributions to the global market. Front. Agron., 4, 731019.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.731019 - FAO (2023). FAOSTAT: Crops and Livestock Products
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize - Gockowski, J., Sonwa, D. (2011). Cocoa Intensification Scenarios and Their Predicted Impact on CO2 Emissions, Biodiversity Conservation, and Rural Livelihoods in the Guinea Rain Forest of West Africa. Env. Manag., 48(2), 307–321. Springer Nature. Retrieved from:
https://agris.fao.org - ICCO (2012). Annual Report. International Cocoa Organization.
https://www.icco.org/annual-reports/ - Ilesanmi, J.O., Afolabi, J.A. (2020). Determinants of adoption of improved Cocoa technologies in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Econ., 5(2), 36.
https://doi.org/10.1011648/j.ijae.20200502 - Kehinde, A.D. (2021). Agricultural cooperatives and improved technologies adoption among smallholder farmers in cocoa-based farming systems of southwestern Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Manag. Dev., 11(3), 467–483. Retrieved from:
https://oiccpress.com/ijamad/article/view/6598 - Kehinde, A.D., Ogundeji, A.A. (2022). The simultaneous impact of access to credit and cooperative services on cocoa productivity in South-Western Nigeria. Agric. Food Sec., 11(1), 11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00351-4 - Kongor, J.E., Owusu, M., Oduro-Yeboah, C. (2024). Cocoa production in the 2020s: Challenges and solutions. CABI Agric. Biosci., 5(1), 102.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-024-00310-6 - Kouassi, J.L., Diby, L., Konan, D., Kouassi, A., Bene, Y., Kouamé, C. (2023). Drivers of cocoa agroforestry adoption by smallholder farmers around the Taï National Park in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire. Sci. Rep., 13(1), 14309.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41593-5 - Lawal, J.O., Ibiremo, O.S., Akinpelu, A.O., Iloyanomon, C.I., Oloyede, A. (2019). Determinants of adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques among cocoa farmers in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Moor J. Agric. Res., 20(1). Retrieved from:
https://iart.gov.ng/moorjournal/index.php/mjar/article/view/113 - NBS (2013). National Bureau of Statistics: Annual Abstract of Statistics. National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria.
- Nnadi, F.N., Chikaire, J., Atoma, C.N., Egwuonwu, H.A. (2018). A review on agro-technologies for cocoa rehabilitation in Nigeria. Int. J. Env. Agric. Biotech., 3(3), 1122–1131.
http://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.3.51 - NPC (2022). National Population Commission: 2022 provisional population estimates by local government areas. Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved from:
https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/DEMOGRAPHIC_BULLETIN_2022_FINAL.pdf - Nwankwo, C.U., Ikehi, M.E., Ejiofor, T.E., Ifeanyieze, F.O. (2024). Successive national agricultural policies/programmes, growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and expansion of agribusinesses in Nigeria. Plos One, 19(2), 0291999.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291999 - Oginni, O.D., Moshood, A.I., Oguntade, A.E. (2024). Spatio-temporal analysis of cocoa production and exportation in Nigeria. Manag. Anal. Soc. Insig., 1(2), 197–211.
https://doi.org/10.22105/nmbzp696 - Okeniyi, M.O., Oloyede, A.A., Oluyole, K.A., Adedeji, A.R., Adebiyi, S. (2021). On-farm evaluation of cocoa rehabilitation techniques adopted among trained cocoa farmers in South-West Nigeria. Int. J. Progres. Res. Sci. Eng., 2(5), 1–4. Retrieved from:
https://journal.ijprse.com/index.php/ijprse/article/view/260 - Oluyole, K.A., Emaku, L.A., Oduwole, O.O., Aigbekaen, E.O. (2015). A review of the adoption of recommended cocoa rehabilitation techniques in Nigeria. J. Agric. Sci., 7(9), 156–162.
https://doi.org/10.5539/jasv7n9p156 - Onemolease, E.A., Olayinka, Y.V., Peke, O.F., Idogen, S.E. (2025). Adoption intensity and inequality among cocoa farmers in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. Afr. J. Agric. Sci. Food Res., 19(1), 148–162.
https://doi.org/10.62154/ajasfr.2025.019.01020 - Opeke, L.K. (2015). Tropical Commodity Tree Crops. Spectrum Books Limited.
- Oyekale, A.S. (2021). Climate change adaptation and cocoa farm rehabilitation behaviour in Ahafo Ano North District of Ashanti region, Ghana. Open Agric., 6, 263–275.
https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0191 - Oyekale, A.S. (2022). Determinants of cocoa farmers’ compliance with agrochemical safety precautions in Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria. Toxics, 10(8), 454.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080454 - Rogers, E.M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations (3rd ed.). The Free Press.
- Somarriba, E., Peguero, F., Cerda, R., Orozco-Aguilar, L., López-Sampson, A. Leandro-Muñoz, M.E., Jagoret, P., Sinclair, F.L. (2021). Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems. Rev. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 41, 64.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-021-00717-9 - Taiwo, O.J., Oluwatusin, F.M., Ojo, A.O. (2015). Analysis of adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques among cocoa farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Glob. J. Sci. Front. Res. D Agric. Vet., 15(6).
- Waarts, Y.R., Janssen, V., Ingram, V.J., Slingerland, M.A., van Rijn, F.C., Beekman, G., Dengerink, J., van Vliet, J.A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Sassen, M., Guijt, W.J., van Vugt, S.M. (2019). A living income for smallholder commodity farmers and protected forests and biodiversity: how can the private and public sectors contribute? White Paper on sustainable commodity production. Wagen. Econ. Res. Retrieved from:
https://edepot.wur.nl/507120