Table 1.
Socioeconomic characteristics of cocoa farmers (150)
| Variable | Frequency | Percentage | Mean ±Sd |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| ≤40 | 9 | 12 | |
| 41–55 | 39 | 52 | 51.05 ±7.69 |
| 56+ | 27 | 36 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 110 | 73.3 | |
| Female | 40 | 26.7 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 8 | 5.3 | |
| Married | 126 | 84 | |
| Widow | 6 | 4 | |
| Divorced | 10 | 6.7 | |
| Educational status | |||
| No formal education | 8 | 5.3 | |
| Primary education | 126 | 84 | 4.91 ±2.77 |
| Secondary education | 3 | 4.0 | |
| Tertiary education | 5 | 6.7 | |
| Household size | |||
| ≤5 | 36 | 24 | |
| 6–12 | 62 | 41.3 | 10.39 ±5.88 |
| 13–19 | 42 | 28 | |
| ≥20 | 10 | 6.7 | |
| Experience | |||
| ≤20 | 80 | 53.3 | |
| 21–35 | 52 | 34.7 | 21.43±11.64 |
| 36+ | 18 | 12 | |
| Farm size | |||
| ≤0.5 | 18 | 12 | |
| 0.6–2.9 | 102 | 68 | 2.04 ±1.42 |
| 3.0–5.3 | 26 | 17.3 | |
| 5.4+ | 8 | 2.7 | |
| Age of cocoa trees | |||
| ≤30 | 122 | 81.3 | 19.02 ±13.42 |
| 31–39 | 10 | 6.7 | |
| 40–48 | 14 | 9.3 | |
| ≥49 | 4 | 2.7 | |
Table 2.
Level of adoption of Cocoa Rehabilitation Techniques (CRTs) (%)
| Technique | Not integrated freq | Slightly integrated freq | Moderately integrated freq | Mostly integrated freq | Fully integrated freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pruning | 14(9.4) | 42(28.2) | 37(24.4) | 10(6.8) | 12(8.3) |
| Fertilizer application | 15(9.8) | 21(13.9) | 33(222) | 11(7.5) | 5(3.0) |
| Pesticide application | 7(4.9) | 16(10.9) | 54(35.7) | 28(18.4) | 14(9.4) |
| Grafting | 42(27.8) | 5(3.0) | 3(2.3) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Coppicing | 32(21.4) | 8(5.3) | 13(8.7) | 2(1.1) | 1(0.4) |
| Phase replanting | 8(5.6) | 26(17.3) | 39(26.3) | 7(4.5) | 2(1.1) |
| Complete planting | 21(14.3) | 8(5.6) | 21(14.9) | 6(3.8) | 1(0.8) |
| Use of improved seedlings | 2(1.1) | 6(3.8) | 39(25.9) | 13(8.7) | 24(16.2) |
| Shade tree management | 11(7.5) | 24(15.8) | 20(13.2) | 13(8.7) | 2(1.1) |
Table 3.
Results of the determinants of CRTs
| Variable | Coeff | Odds ratio | P value | dy/dx (low) | dy/dx (moderate) | dy/dx (high) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | −0.1436 | 0.8662 | 0.726 | 0.0205 | 0.0016 | −0.0221 |
| Household size | 0.1060 | 1.1118 | 0.098 | −0.0151 | −0.0012 | 0.0163 |
| Age (yr) | 0.0469 | 1.0480 | 0.074 | −0.0067 | −0.0005 | 0.0072 |
| cocoa tree age | −0.0143 | 0.9858 | 0.504 | 0.0020 | 0.0002 | −0.0022 |
| Edu_dummy2 | −0.2321 | 0.7929 | 0.573 | 0.0332 | 0.0026 | −0.0357 |
| edu_dummy3 | 2.5646 | 0.0770 | 0.023 | 0.3664 | 0.0286 | 0.3950 |
| education * experience | 0.0950 | 1.0996 | 0.017 | −0.0136 | −0.0011 | 0.0146 |
| farm size (ha) | −0.0657 | 0.9364 | 0.595 | 0.0094 | 0.0007 | −0.0101 |
| Farming experience | −0.0387 | 0.9620 | 0.195 | 0.0055 | 0.0004 | −0.0060 |
| Area covered | −0.6424 | 0.5260 | 0.001 | 0.0918 | 0.0072 | −0.0989 |
| Widespread adoption index | 0.4861 | 0.6150 | 0.038 | 0.0694 | 0.0054 | −0.0749 |
| income | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.51 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| yield percentage | 0.0257 | 1.0260 | 0.028 | 0.0037 | 0.0003 | 0.0040 |
| /cut1 | −3.3525 | 0.9809 | ||||
| /cut2 | −0.3563 | 0.9671 | ||||
| Model diagnostics | ||||||
| No of obs. | 150 | |||||
| LR chi2(13) | 34.68 | |||||
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0009 | |||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.1164 | |||||
| Log likelihood | −131.557 | |||||
| Variance inflation factor | 2.88 |