Fig. 1.
Respondents’ sources of information on climate-smart agriculture
| Source of information | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Extension agents | 376 | 82.5 |
| Farmer groups | 336 | 73.7 |
| Radio | 291 | 63.8 |
| NGOs | 252 | 55.3 |
| Mobile phone/calls | 145 | 31.8 |
| Television | 138 | 30.3 |
| Friends/neighbours | 129 | 28.3 |
| Internet/social media | 98 | 21.5 |
Constraints faced in adopting climate-smart agricultural practices
| Constraint | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Poor access to improved inputs | 324 | 71.1 |
| Inadequate extension services | 296 | 64.9 |
| Lack of financial support | 279 | 61.2 |
| Poor knowledge of CSA practices | 243 | 53.3 |
| Poor market access | 218 | 47.8 |
| Unpredictable weather conditions | 192 | 42.1 |
| High cost of CSA technologies | 174 | 38.2 |
| Lack of training opportunities | 153 | 33.6 |
Socio-economic characteristics of respondents (N = 456)
| Variable | Category | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 350 | 76.8 |
| Female | 106 | 23.2 | |
| Age | ≤ 30 years | 65 | 14.3 |
| 31–40 years | 114 | 25.0 | |
| 41–50 years | 142 | 31.1 | |
| > 50 years | 135 | 29.6 | |
| Marital status | Married | 378 | 82.9 |
| Single | 37 | 8.1 | |
| Widowed/divorced | 41 | 9.0 | |
| Education level | No formal education | 104 | 22.8 |
| Primary | 89 | 19.5 | |
| Secondary | 131 | 28.7 | |
| Tertiary | 132 | 29.0 | |
| Household size | 1–5 | 78 | 17.1 |
| 6–10 | 264 | 57.9 | |
| >10 | 114 | 25.0 | |
| Farming experience | < 10 years | 112 | 24.6 |
| 10–20 years | 198 | 43.4 | |
| > 20 years | 146 | 32.0 |
Socio-economic characteristics influencing access to CSA information
| Variable | B | Std. Error | Wald | Sig. (p-value) | Exp(B) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | –0.015 | 0.012 | 1.563 | 0.211 | 0.985 |
| Education level | 0.391 | 0.144 | 7.385 | 0.007 | 1.478 |
| Household size | –0.193 | 0.089 | 4.703 | 0.030 | 0.824 |
| Farm size | 0.314 | 0.122 | 6.621 | 0.010 | 1.369 |
| Credit access | 0.758 | 0.241 | 9.882 | 0.002 | 2.134 |
| Extension contact | 1.204 | 0.288 | 17.486 | 0.000 | 3.333 |
| Group membership | 0.682 | 0.229 | 8.859 | 0.003 | 1.977 |
| Model diagnostics | |||||
| −2 Log Likelihood: 377.243 | |||||
| Cox & Snell R2: 0.307 | |||||
| Nagelkerke R2: 0.428 | |||||
| Model Chi-square: 102.857, df = 7, p < 0.001 | |||||
| Classification Accuracy: 79.8% | |||||